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Biliaiev, O. .
    Contractual dynamics in Ukrainian civil law regulation [Електронний ресурс] = Dinâmica contratual na regulamentação do direito civil ucraniano / O. Biliaiev, A. Isaiev, N. Korobtsova, I. Puchkovska, V. Yanyshen // Revista Juridica Portucalense. - 2023. - No. 34. - P. 237-256. - References : p. 254-256
   Перевод заглавия: Договірна динаміка в українському цивільно-правовому регулюванні

УДК	347.4(477)“364”

РУБ DOI: 10.34625/issn.2183-2705(34)2023.ic-12

Аннотация: The research delves into the evolving contractual dynamics within Ukrainian civil law amid European integration, quarantine measures, and martial law. Focusing on the balance between individual rights and the broader civil legal framework, the study seeks to assess the current Civil Code of Ukraine and proposes enhancements to safeguard individual rights during challenging periods, such as martial law. Various research methods were used in the study, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalisation, abstraction, and formal legal research. As a result, the author has established that the current system of civil law provisions is characterised by certain shortcomings which affect certain types of activities of the subjects of these relations. The authors highlight that the process of European integration, the introduction of quarantine restrictions, and martial law in Ukraine had the most significant impact on the formation of problematic issues in the system of national civil legislation. As such, the study focuses on the general problem of regulating civil relations, namely, the legal status of a private person, as well as on specific aspects of this issue, contractual regulation and amendments to existing rules. Based on this, the author argues that the priority for addressing these issues is the development of new laws and modifications to the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine.

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Boldyriev, S. .
    Exercise of State Control over Local Self-Government in the Field of Environmental Protection [Електронний ресурс] / S. Boldyriev, T. Steshenko, S. Serohina, S. Fomina, I. Kapelista // WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development. - 2024. - Vol. 20. - P. 26-36. - References : p. 34-36
   Перевод заглавия: Здійснення державного контролю за органами місцевого самоврядування у сфері охорони навколишнього природного середовища

УДК	342.95:352]:349.6

РУБ DOI: 10.37394/232015.2024.20.4

Аннотация: Today, environmental protection is a priority task for the governments of countries around the world due to the deepening of environmental problems and their impact on people's lives. Several problematic issues can and must be solved at the local level, which will make environmental policy more effective and take into account local needs. The study aimed to analyse the competence of local self-government bodies in terms of monitoring compliance with environmental legislation. A comparative analysis was used to study the issue of ensuring the protection of the environment and ecosystem by local self-government bodies through the prism of legal protection. During the research, several obstacles to the implementation of effective environmental protection measures at the local level were identified: the imperfection of the financing system, the lack of environmental awareness, the absence of effective administrative and procedural measures, and the imperfection of state control. In response to the identified problems, the positive experience of implementing the norms of the European Charter of Local Self-Government was investigated. It was established that the decentralization of local self-government had a positive effect on the protection of the ecosystem, as it brought local authorities closer to the public and provided local authorities with real powers to solve problems related to compliance with environmental legislation. In addition, to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms of state control over local self-government in the field of environmental protection, a system of principles of such control is proposed, consisting of publicity, systematicity, effectiveness, objectivity, impartiality, and universality. The proposed system will cover several key environmental problems and quickly and effectively solve them with the involvement of competent specialists and the public. The state of environmental protection at the local level is seen in further research and justification to determine practical recommendations for the implementation of decentralization of local self-government.

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Cherkashyna, M. .
    The concept of “unique water bodies” in the environmental law of Ukraine [Електронний ресурс] = Поняття “унікальні водні об’єкти” в екологічному праві України / M. Cherkashyna // Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz. - 2023. - Vol. 10, Iss. 3. - P. 39-55. - References : p. 50-55

УДК	349.6:502.51](477)

РУБ DOI: 10.46340/eppd.2023.10.3.2

Аннотация: The article suggests and substantiates the author’s approach to defining the concept of “unique water bodies” in the environmental law of Ukraine. It states that scientific developments in the field of water law terminology, and classification of water bodies are not final, and under current conditions, further development is necessary. After all, the legal regimes of protection, use and reproduction of water bodies depend on the clarification of their types and well-founded characteristics. The interrelation between the concepts: “especially valuable natural objects”, “especially protected natural territories and objects”, “unique natural objects” was studied. It was determined that there is no unified approach to this matter in environmental legislation. In some regulatory acts, the legislator equates the concepts of unique and especially valuable natural objects, others contain provisions according to which unique natural objects are enshrined along with especially valuable ones, but all of them are subject to special legal protection in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine. The article places emphasis on the uniqueness of water bodies because of the legal status of water (water bodies), which, firstly, constitute the national property of the Ukrainian people, and secondly, are a strategic and vital natural resource in the system of ensuring sustainable development and national security of Ukraine. The sharp deterioration of the ecological state of all ecosystems, including water ones, as well as the current ecological situation, which is characterized by an acute shortage and the population’s need for water resources of drinking quality, in today’s conditions put the ecological and social status of water bodies in the first place and demand their isolation corresponding category of water objects. By researching the views of scientists, conducting an analysis of national environmental and other legislation, the essential features of the legal concept of “unique water objects” were determined: 1) location within the territory (of an object) with a special legal status or recognition of a water object directly as an object of international agreement; 2) priority use to meet the needs of drinking and household water supply of the population; 3) exclusive use by the population for medical and recreational purposes; 4) the presence of a diversity of valuable plants, their natural communities, animals and microorganisms (together with their habitats) in the ecosystems of water bodies. It is worth noting that the presence of at least one of the above-mentioned signs is the basis for recognizing a water body as unique. The author’s legal concept of “unique water bodies” was formulated, defining them as natural or artificially created water bodies that have a special ecological and priority social importance for meeting drinking and household needs, and exceptional medical and health-improving value. It points out the importance of preserving the natural biodiversity of water bodies and maintaining the general ecological balance of the natural environment, for which a special legal regime of protection, use, and reproduction is set out with restrictions or prohibitions of activities that do not correspond to the main purpose of the water body and its significance for humans and natural environment. The need to establish a special legal status of unique water bodies, as well as the corresponding legal regimes for their protection, use and restoration, monitoring, control, and entering them into the state water registry is specified. It also emphasizes the need to conduct further scientific development of the concept “unique natural objects” and consolidate the concepts of individual types of unique natural objects in the national environmental legislation, taking into account the peculiarities of their legal regimes.

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Danilyan, O. .
    Value aspects of the safe existence of social systems in an unstable world [Електронний ресурс] / Danilyan O., O. Dzоban, Y. Kalynovskyi, M. Saltanov // Cogito. - 2023. - Vol. 15, No. 4. - P. 60-78. - References : p. 76-78. - [DOI відсутній]
   Перевод заглавия: Ціннісні аспекти безпечного існування соціальних систем у нестабільному світі

УДК

1:316

Аннотация: The paper analyzes the axiological aspects of the safe existence of society in conditions of global instability. The authors defined the essence of social solidarity as a factor of increasing stability in social systems. The importance of social justice for reducing the level of conflict in the existence of modern societies has been proven. The institutional importance of democracy and democratic values for the safe development of social systems is substantiated.

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Golovashevych, O. .
    Comparative characteristics of approaches to resolving tax disputes in Ukraine and Great Britain [Електронний ресурс] / O. Golovashevych, A. Kotenko, I. Krynytskyi, M. Kucheryavenko // Journal of Global Business and Technology. - 2023. - Vol. 19, Iss. 2. - P. 1-13. - References : p. 11-13. - [DOI відсутній]
   Перевод заглавия: Порівняльна характеристика підходів до вирішення податкових спорів в Україні та Великобританії

УДК	347.73:336.22](477+410)

Аннотация: The article considers certain aspects of building a strategy for resolving tax conflicts in Great Britain and compares it with the regulatory regulation of these processes in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the tax conflict initially manifests itself in the mismatch of interests of the taxpayer and the state, and its natural development becomes its development into a tax dispute, the traditional ways of solving which in the majority of countries of the world are administrative and judicial appeals. It is emphasized that the taxpayer can freely choose the appeal path immediately after receiving the tax notice decision. A significant emphasis in the article is made precisely on the foreign experience of resolving tax disputes, and the characteristics of legal instruments and constructions different from those available in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the means of unifying approaches in resolving very similar tax disputes in Ukraine and Great Britain was carried out. The joint functional purpose of the precedent approach used in Great Britain and the institute of exemplary cases implemented in Ukraine in recent years is emphasized. The similarity of the purpose of the precedent approach and exemplary cases with the purpose of the mechanism of general tax consultations in the aspect of increasing the efficiency of resolving tax disputes is characterized.

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Hartmane, I. .
    Impacts of war on Ukrainian nature [Електронний ресурс] / I. Hartmane, B. Biyashev, A. P. Getman, O. M. Yaroshenko, H. V. Anisimova // International Journal of Environmental Studies. - 2024. - [Published online: 09 Feb 2024]
   Перевод заглавия: Наслідки війни для природи України

УДК	349.6:355.01(477)

РУБ DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2024.2314856

Аннотация: The network of nature reserves that has been a centrepiece of Ukraine’s environmental policy has been devastated by Russian aggression. Violation of their integrity threatens endemic species and irreplaceable ecosystems; indeed, entire ecosystems have been lost; extensive fires, illegal logging, mechanical damage and chemical contamination of the soil cover are responsible for a critical reduction in forest cover, and degradation of the soil and water conservation and recreational functions of the nature reserve fund. Measures are proposed to make the best of a bad situation at the local level, as well as ways to prevent a bigger ecological catastrophe.

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Herbut, N. .
    Parliamentary Elections and the Gender Aspect: A Comparative Analysis of the Experience of Ukraine and Sweden [Електронний ресурс] / N. Herbut, V. Rossikhin, V. Panchenko, T. Madryha, O. Berezovska-Chmil // Pakistan Journal of Criminology. - 2024. - Vol. 16, No. 1. - P. 161-180. - References : p. 179-181
   Перевод заглавия: Парламентські вибори та гендерний аспект: порівняльний аналіз досвіду України та Швеції

УДК	342.8:342.53]:305]](477+485)

РУБ DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.161.180

Аннотация: Gender aspects in parliamentary elections are becoming more and more important both in the context of achieving equality between the two sexes, and in view of the important role of women in increasing the effectiveness of politics, tolerance, and combating violence and war. Studying the Swedish experience in achieving gender equality in politics will reveal directions for further political reforms in this area. The purpose of the study is to identify the most effective practices for achieving gender balance in politics by conducting a comparative analysis of the Swedish and Ukrainian experience. The main methods are statistical analysis, comparative legal method and rating method. The study of the legislation of both countries regarding gender quotas and the analysis of additional ways in which Sweden achieved modern results made it possible to formulate recommendations for Ukraine that can contribute to the achievement of gender equality in the course of parliamentary elections.

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Kaplina, O. .
    Standards for ensuring the legality of covert activities in criminal proceedings through the prism of European Court of Human Rights [Електронний ресурс] = Os padrões para garantir a legalidade de atividades encobertas em processos penais através da prática do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos / O. Kaplina, A. Tumanyants, I. Krytska // Revista Juridica Portucalense. - 2023. - No. 34. - P. 217-236. - References : p. 234-235
   Перевод заглавия: Стандарти забезпечення законності негласної діяльності у кримінальному судочинстві крізь призму Європейського суду з прав людини

УДК	343.1:[341.645:341.231.14](4)

РУБ DOI: 10.34625/issn.2183-2705(34)2023.ic-11

Аннотация: The article deals with the implementation of covert activities in criminal proceedings through the prism of international acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The purpose of the article is to analyse the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights (particularly, on the application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights in the context of covert action in criminal proceedings), and on this basis to identify the standards for conducting covert investigative actions and to determine the impact of these standards on the legislation of certain European countries. The general philosophical basis of the study was formed by axiological and hermeneutical approaches. In particular, the first one allowed to carry out a value analysis of the fundamental human right to privacy and to assess the impact of covert investigative activities in criminal proceedings on its implementation. Meanwhile, the second made it possible to apply an in-depth study and interpretation of the legal texts of the European Court of Human Rights judgments and the legislation of particular states. When building the system of covert action standards, we used the systemic and structural method, as well as the logical research method and the method of legal modelling with. The analysis of the legal positions of the ECtHR made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards for ensuring the legality of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings: (1) predictability; (2) warranty against abuse; (3) verifiability; (4) exclusivity; (5) proportionality of the intervention and its expediency; (6) inadmissibility of tacit interference in the communication of some subjects.

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Mirzoiev, R. .
    The comparative study of the concepts “transfrontier” and “cross-border” cooperation in the documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union [Електронний ресурс] / R. Mirzoiev // Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz. - 2020. - Vol. 7, Iss. 2. - P. 24-31. - References : p. 30-31. - [Автор Мірзоєв Руфат Ширзад огли був аспірантом каф. міжнародного права до 2021 р.]
   Перевод заглавия: Порівняльне дослідження понять «транскордонне» та «транскордонне» співробітництво в документах Ради Європи та Європейського Союзу

УДК	341.176(4):339.94

РУБ DOI: 10.46340/eppd.2020.7.2.3

Аннотация: The article hereof is devoted to the analysis of the meaning and correlation of the basic conceptsin the sphere of the international co-operation between local and regional authorities from thepoint of view of the Council of Europe and the European Union, that are, respectively –“transfrontier” and “cross-border” co-operation. The documents of the Council of Europe definethe international co-operation between local and regional authorities standing a commonborder as “transfrontier co-operation”, the documents of the European Union use the term“cross-border cooperation” instead. On the basis of the research the doctrinal conclusion is made, that the concept “transfrontier co-operation”, that is used in the documents of the Council of Europe, in particular, in the Madrid Convention (1980) and its Protocols, and the term“cross-border cooperation”, that is used in the documents of the European Union, have thesimilar meaning, because they stipulate the same international relations that arise on the locallevel between regional and territorial authorities under condition of the common borderexistence. The proposition is made, that the definition of the concepts “transfrontier co -operation” and “cross-border cooperation” should be presented by the Council of Europe andthe European Union jointly.

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Roianova, I. .
    The concept of demilitarized territories as a means of the United Nations preventive diplomacy measures [Електронний ресурс] / I. Roianova // Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz. - 2020. - Vol. 7, Iss. 5. - P. 6-13. - References : p. 12-13
   Перевод заглавия: Концепція демілітаризованих територій як засіб заходів превентивної дипломатії ООН

УДК	341.7:341.123

РУБ DOI: 10.46340/eppd.2020.7.5.1

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the concept of formation of demilitarized territories (buffer zones) within the framework of the United Nations preventive diplomacy measures. The idea of preventive diplomacy was first formulated by the second UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld in 1960 and acquired special significance at the end of the twentieth century, which was, to some extent, due to the end of the ”Cold War”. In the article, UN preventive diplomacy as an activity that aims to prevent conflicts in the world or, if they occur, to limit the spread of conflicts is regarded. The fact that the creation of demilitarized zones is one of the measures of preventive diplomacy, which is implemented by the UN Security Council in the framework of peace enforcement operations is highlighted. Thus, the goal of this article is to analyse the examples of the formation of buffer zones under the leadership of the UN Peacekeeping Forces, which shall further supervise the compliance with the regime of such zones. In particular, the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the creation of demilitarized zones in Cyprus, in Srebrenica, as well as the border areas between North and South Korea, Israel and Egypt, Israel and Syria are considered. The study of such cases allows to determine and describe the main principles of the concept of formation of demilitarized territories (buffer zones) as a highly effective preventive diplomacy measure. In other words, the essence of the concept is to prevent armed conflict and reduce military activity by moving armed forces, military equipment and weapons as well as any other military facilities outside the zone. The concept is based on such imperative principles of International Law as peaceful settlement of disputes and non-use of force or threat of force. It is necessary to mention that the concept described in this research is based on formal grounds such as resolutions of the UN Security Council, which has certain differences from legal frameworks of buffer zones creation on the basis of bilateral or multilateral agreements.

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