( U=343.35:35.08 )

ББК Х628.38
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek201912202

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Improper healthcare marketing is a part of institutional corruption in the pharmaceutical markets, which causes significant harm to public health. Legal measures are an importent component of the mechanism for preventing this phenomenon. The aim: The purpose of the article is to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the necessity to improve the preventative role of law in the field of healthcare marketing by adjusting liability for offenses in this area. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on the analysis of international law, medical and criminal legislation, juridical practice, criminal and medical law legal doctrine, physicians survey results and expert interviews. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and system analyses research methods were used, also for interpretation purposes. RESULTS: Results: The study showed the effectiveness of the US fight against improper healthcare marketing by applying millions and billions of fines to the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, which led to a reduction in corruption in this sphere. Legal restrictions on the activities of medical sales representatives of pharmaceutical companies are justified by the Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use, as well as in the German legislation (Medicinal Products Act). An analysis of Articles 299a and 299b of the German Criminal Code (StGB), as well as the practice of their application, showed their effectiveness. Still, there are problems in delimiting these offenses from the legal provision of drug information. The lack of anti-corruption regulation of drug promotion in Ukraine negatively affects the situation in this area. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The legal mechanism for the prevention of improper healthcare marketing at the national level should include the following measures: a) strict legal regulation of the rules for the promotion of medicines; b) anti-corruption restrictions on the activities of medical sales representatives of pharmaceutical companies; b) the criminal liability of pharmaceutical companies for corruption in the implementation of healthcare marketing; c) the criminal liability of representatives of pharmaceutical companies and Healthcare professionals (HCPs) for active and passive briberies; d) legal support for professional self-regulation aimed at creating ethical standards of conduct in the pharmaceutical markets.

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Vaitsekhovska, O. .
Combating Corruption in the Public Sector: International Legal Standards and their Implementation in the Legislation of Ukraine [Текст] / O. Vaitsekhovska, N. Iakymchuk, Y. Shchokin, N. V. Vorotina, N. M. Korchak // Estudios de economia aplicada. - 2021. - Vol. 39, Iss. 6. Special Issue: SI. - P. відсутні
Перевод заглавия: Боротьба з корупцією у державному секторі: міжнародно -правові стандарти та їх імплементація у законодавство України

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.25115/eea.v39i6.5302

Аннотация: Nowadays, one of the reasons for the ineffective fight against corruption in the budget system is certain discrepancies and inconsistencies between the legal components of the mechanism for countering this anti-social phenomenon. The lack of a clear definition of the limits of competence of participants in the budget process, discretionary powers in the distribution and expenditure of budget funds, conflicts in budget legislation, and the lack of real competition in the field of public procurement clearly form the main corruption risks for all participants in these legal relations. The purpose of the study was to analyse the international legal mechanisms for combating corruption and find ways to implement them in Ukrainian legislation. The development of the national anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the public sector as a subject of international anti-corruption law is determined by a number of the following national and external factors: 1) Ukraine's accession to the universal and regional conventions on combating corruption, compliance with which constitutes the main prerequisite for Ukraine's entry into the global space; 2) Ukraine's implementation in national legislation of anti-corruption international standards developed by international intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations; 3) adaptation of national legislation to European standards within the framework of the signed association agreement between Ukraine and the EU of 2014; 4) cooperation of Ukraine with international organisations, within which the international anti-corruption policy is developed and formed; 5) activities in the field of combating corruption of international non-governmental organisations, among which Transparency International constitutes an important element of the legal mechanism of the international anti-corruption legal order; 6) Ukraine’s international anti-corruption obligations to international financial institutions; 7) Ukraine's participation in international conferences and summits on anti-corruption issues; 8) Ukraine's cooperation with other states in providing relevant bodies of foreign states and receiving information on preventing and combating corruption; 9) national historical and political factors.

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Holovkin, B. M..
Corruption as a Cybersecurity Threat in the New World Order [Текст] / B. M. Holovkin, O. V. Tavolzhanskyi, O. V. Lysodyed // Connections. - 2021. - Vol. 20, Iss. 2. - P. 75-87
Перевод заглавия: Корупція як загроза кібербезпеці в новому світовому порядку

УДК

343.85

РУБ DOI: 10.11610/Connections.20.2.07

Аннотация: The important topic of cybersecurity relative to the fight against corruption in the context of global challenges in the pandemic and post-pandemic world requires further research. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze current and prospective cybersecurity issues in this context by applying general-scientific and special-legal methods of cogni-tion. Using the dialectical method, theoretical background, and contempo-rary views on ensuring cybersecurity served to investigate the key current challenges. Formal-legal and comparative methods allowed to recommend measures to enhance cybersecurity in view of the massive digitalization and social transformations. The authors emphasize the need to establish a national cybersecurity policy based on society’s information literacy and culture, combining respect to traditional and historical values with a mod-ern understanding of multicultural communication and well-being.

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Orlovskyi, R. S..
Legalization of criminally obtained property committed by organized criminal groups: European and Ukrainian standards [Текст] = Legalización de bienes obtenidos de forma delictiva cometidos por grupos criminales organizados: Regulaciones Europeas y Ucraniana / R. S. Orlovskyi // Juridicas CUC. - 2023. - Vol.: 19, Iss. 1. - P. 197-230. - References : p. 223-230
Перевод заглавия: Легалізація майна, одержаного злочинним шляхом, вчиненого організованими злочинними групами: європейські та українські стандарти

УДК

343.3

РУБ DOI: 10.17981/juridcuc.19.1.2023.07

Аннотация: The phenomenon of money laundering as a result of the actions of criminal groups is a negative factor in the global development of the international community. The need for this study is due to the increase in the scale of such criminal acts that negatively affect the development of the state, threatening the rule of law and security of the state in general and society in particular; lack of legisla-tive and practical basis for combating this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to define the concept and the essence of money laundering by organized crimi-nal groups and elaborate scientifically sound measures to combat this phenomenon in terms of European and Ukrainian dimensions. Several methods were used in the study, in particular: dialectical, system-structural, his-torical-legal and formal-logical. Leading research method was comparative method, which helped to characterize the specifics of criminal law protection of public rela- tions arising from money laundering in Ukraine, Western European countries, and the United States. The authors determine the national policy of Ukraine against crimes committed by organized groups is characterized by the obsolescence of the regulatory and legal framework, gaps in the organization of combating such types of crimes, reduction of special units in the police, and insufficient level of cooperation of state bodies. The collected original empirical material will allow theorists in this field to continue their research and effectively counteract this negative phenomenon.
El fenómeno del blanqueo de capitales como consecuencia de la actuación de grupos criminales constituye un factor negativo que retrasa el desarrollo global de la comunidad internacional. La necesidad de este estudio se debe al aumento de la escala de tales actos delictivos que afectan negativamente al desarrollo de la nación, y amenazan directamente a la seguridad del Estado de Derecho, lo que evidencia falta de base regulativa para combatir este flagelo. Por lo tanto, como propósito del estudio se definió el concepto y alcance del lavado de activos por parte de grupos de crimen organizado, así como el estudio de las medidas y políticas para combatir este fenómeno en lo que respecta a las relaciones europea y ucraniana. Se utilizaron métodos en el estudio, en particular: dialéctico, histórico-legal y el formal-lógico. Se utilizó también el método comparativo, que ayudó a caracterizar las especificidades del derecho penal frente a la protección de las relaciones públicas derivadas del lavado de dinero en Ucrania, los países de Europa Occidental y los Estados Unidos. Los autores concluyen que la política pública de Ucrania contra los delitos cometidos por grupos de crimen organizados se carac-teriza por la obsolescencia del marco normativo y jurídico; por tanto, las lagunas en la organización de la lucha contra ese tipo de delitos, la reducción de las unidades especiales de la policía y el insuficiente nivel de cooperación de los órganos estatales constituyen las razones principales del aumento que presenta el blanqueo de capitales. El material empírico original recopilado permitirá a los teóricos de este campo continuar sus investigacio-nes y contrarrestar eficazmente este fenómeno negativo.

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Holovkin, B. M..
Fight against Corruption-Related Crimes in Wartime in Ukraine [Електронний ресурс] / B. M. Holovkin, M. Semenyshyn, O. V. Tavolzhanskyi, O. V. Lysodyed, N. V. Smetanina // International Annals of Criminology. - 2023. - Vol. 61, Iss. 3-4. - P. 384-409
Перевод заглавия: Боротьба з корупційними злочинами під час війни в Україні

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.1017/cri.2023.31

Аннотация: The article aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of the issues in the legal regulation of corruption prevention, study the state of the fight against corruption and the legalization of proceeds of corruption-related crimes under martial law, determine new corruption risks during a war, and suggest recommendations for their minimization. The authors of this article established the main problems that cause the emergence and spread of corruption in society and ways to overcome this phenomenon. The study s results established that independent anti-corruption agencies and authorized law enforcement agencies have continued preventive and law enforcement activities even under war conditions, their purpose being to ensure the normal State functioning, the country s defence capacity, and society s security. In law-making and law enforcement activities, this research work can help to improve international relations between Ukraine and foreign countries in the context of the development of bilateral relations regarding the provision of assistance to Ukraine for post-war recovery, the attraction of investment, the fight against corruption, and possible accession to the European Union.

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