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Bazeliuk, V. .
    Peculiarities of Prosecutor Participation in Private Cases: Ukrainian Experience [Текст] / V. Bazeliuk, Y. Demyanenko, O. Maslova // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 203-211
   Перевод заглавия: Особливості участі прокуров у приватних кримінальних справах: український досвід

УДК

341.4

343

РУБ DOI 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000107

Аннотация: Background: Maintaining prosecution in criminal cases in court is a specific function of the prosecutor, which is enshrined in both the Constitution of Ukraine and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. This function should meet not only the objectives of criminal justice but also international standards in the field of criminal justice. Criminal proceedings are divided into public and private, depending on the type of socially dangerous act. And depending on the type of accusation, the functions of the prosecutor in the exercise of their powers are different. Thus, in cases of private prosecution, the participation of the victim is crucial, and his/her refusal to prosecute may be grounds for closing the criminal proceedings. This note related to the study of the innovative approach of the Supreme Court's law enforcement practice shows the active role of the prosecutor in considering these categories of criminal cases in court. Methods: We thoroughly analysed the case-law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, as well as the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and other legislative acts. We also generalised and studied the case-law of Ukrainian courts, as well as recommendations of the CoE and the doctrine of the criminal procedural law of Ukraine. Results and Conclusions: The authors drew several conclusions about various forms of private prosecution with their own specifics, which are manifested in the aspects mentioned in this note.

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Gutorova, N. .
    HIV criminalization's origins, enforcement, and social impacts [Електронний ресурс] / N. Gutorova, V. Rachynska, Y. Gnedik // Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski Polish Medical Journal. - 2023. - Vol. 51, Iss. 6. - P. 624-631
   Перевод заглавия: Походження криміналізації ВІЛ, правоохорона і соціальні впливи

УДК

341.4

343.412

РУБ DOI: 10.36740/Merkur202306108 + PMID: 38207064

Аннотация: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the ineffectiveness of HIV criminalization and its impact on human rights and public health and to propose improvements in criminal law regulation. The study is based on the empirical and analytical data of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization, legal acts, drafts legal acts, legal practice, and statistics of Ukraine, legal acts of the USA, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In total, 21 laws, drafts of laws, other documents, and 26 court decisions were analyzed. Dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, systemic, sociological, induction, and deduction research methods were applied. The criminalization of HIV stems from a lack of awareness among policymakers and society about advances in medical science and ways to control the epidemic. Such regulation is ineffective, leads to stigmatization of people living with HIV, and has a negative impact on the epidemic. Causing harm to a person's health by intentionally infecting a person with a severe infectious disease could be criminalized under the general norm on bodily harm, excluding the stigmatization of patients with certain nosologies.

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