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Anisimova, H. .
    Environmental Services in the Mechanism of Legal Support for Compensation for Environmental Damage [Електронний ресурс] / H. Anisimova, Yu. Koveino, M. O. Dei, O. Antonenko, O. Chernyak // Journal of Planning and Environment Law. - 2024. - Iss. 5. - P. 463-473. - [DOI відсутній]
   Перевод заглавия: Екологічні послуги в механізмі правового забезпечення відшкодування шкоди, завданої довкіллю

УДК	349.6:347.51

Аннотация: Environmental services, by their very nature, are designed to protect the environment and aim to find optimal solutions for the preservation of all ecosystems. This study is relevant as the integration of environmental services into legal mechanisms for compensation of environmental damage is a necessary component of environmental law to ensure that the welfare of humanity is respected and the environment is preserved for future generations. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed description of environmental services; to show the relationship between environmental services, natural ecosystems and landscape, and biological diversity; to determine the specifics of integrating environmental services into legal mechanisms for compensation for environmental damage; to determine the impact of Europeanisation on these processes; and to analyse environmental services as a tool for improving environmental safety. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, the descriptive method, and the method of interpretation of legal norms. This study resulted in conclusions in accordance with the research objective, which in the future can serve as a basis for further developments and improvements of environmental policy in different regions.

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Pashkov, V. .
    Stand-alone software as a medical device: qualification and liability issues [Електронний ресурс] / V. Pashkov, A. Harkusha, Y. Harkusha // Wiadomosci Lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 10. - P. 2282-2288
   Перевод заглавия: Автономне програмне забезпечення як медичний пристрій: питання кваліфікації та відповідальності

УДК

004.4

РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202010134

Аннотация: Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA and Ukraine regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the essence of stand-alone software as a medical device and specifics of its regulation. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods.

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Khrystova, Yu. .
    Experience of Some Countries of The Commonwealth of Nations in Ensuring Criminological Protection of Justice [Електронний ресурс] / Yu. Khrystova, O. Titarenkо, O. Cherviakov, O. Marushchak, S. Shkolа // Khazanah Hukum. - 2024. - Vol. 6, no. 1. - P. 11-23. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v6i1.33619
   Перевод заглавия: Досвід деяких країн Співдружності націй щодо забезпечення кримінологічного захисту правосуддя

УДК	351.749:347.97/.99

Аннотация: The article describes the experience of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand in the field of criminological protection of justice. A combination of philosophical, general scientific and specific scientific research methods was used in the preparation of this article to find out which special actors are authorized to carry out such criminological activities, to analyze the powers and guarantees for their exercise to fulfill their tasks. The article reveals the peculiarities of interaction of special actors of ensuring the security of justice with other actors in the system of combating offenses and crimes against justice. The author emphasizes the role of the sheriff, police, and private security companies in ensuring security during the judicial process. The experience of these Commonwealth countries in identifying and counteracting possible threats to the security of justice is analyzed. The purpose of this work was to single out positive foreign experience that may be promising for implementation into the national legislation with the aim of improving activities of the Court Security Service, which is a special subject performing implementation of the function of criminological protection of justice in Ukraine. In particular, firstly, to find out which special entities are authorized to carry out the specified criminological function in certain countries of the British Commonwealth and what powers they have; secondly, what other law enforcement agencies are involved in the mechanism of ensuring criminological protection of justice and what are the features of their interaction with special subjects; thirdly, what measures they take to detect and counter possible threats to the security of justice.

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Karchevskyi, M. .
    Ukrainian report on traditional criminal law categories and AI [Електронний ресурс] / M. Karchevskyi, O. Radutniy // Revue Internationale de Droit Penal. - 2023. - Vol. 2023. - P. 363-383. - [DOI відсутній]
   Перевод заглавия: Український звіт про традиційні кримінально-правові категорії та ШІ

УДК	343.2.01:004.8

Аннотация: At the request of the International Association of Criminal Law (AIDP-IAPL, Association International de Droit Pénal, Paris, France) within the framework of the XXI International Congress of Criminal Law "Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Justice", a subgroup of the Ukrainian national group of AIDP-IAPL in two scientists prepared detailed answers to questions about: definition and legal qualification of Artificial Intelligence system; existing criminal offences and criminalization; applicability and adaptation of Traditional Criminal Law Categories. The report describes also the academic debate around these issues, specifically focusing on the principle of culpability nullum crimen sine culpa and mens rea. Indeed, the compliance with the principle of culpability is particularly challenging when the output causing the harm generated by the intelligent machine is neither wanted nor predictable by the human agent, as well as when an AI system is intentionally used by a human agent as a tool but the AI system carries out an offence different from the one wanted by the human agent. The report also describes the necessary adjustments of policies and preventive measures within private organizations in order to guarantee a correct and regular use of AI systems, as well as the alternatives to criminalization and noncriminal sources.

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Shumilo, O. .
    Conceptual understanding of the principle of good conscience as a legal concept and general principle of law [Електронний ресурс] = Compreensao conceitual do principio da boa consciencia como conceito juridico e principio geral do direito / O. Shumilo, V. Babakin, H. Kovalenko, D. Yasynok, V. Boiko // Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo Atual. - 2024. - Vol. 1, iss. 43. - P. 164-185. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v1i43.6690
   Перевод заглавия: Концептуальне розуміння принципу добросовісності як правового поняття та загального принципу права

УДК	347.1:[340.12:17.024.1]

Аннотация: The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legislative approaches to understanding the essence of the principle of good faith within civil law. It critically examines how the principle of good faith, along with the presumption of good faith, is codified in civil legislation without a clear definition of its meaning. The discussion highlights that good faith, as a legal category, remains inadequately defined and lacks a consistent interpretation in both scientific literature and judicial practice. The principle of good faith is positively assessed for its role in ensuring the stability and social orientation of legislation. The article distinguishes between the principles of justice, good faith, and reasonableness, emphasizing that these are separate yet independent principles underpinning civil law and its legislative framework. The significance of good faith in the mechanism of legal regulation of civil legal relations is thoroughly explored, underlining its role in fostering trust and predictability in legal transactions. Special attention is given to understanding good faith as an evaluative concept, necessitating consideration from both objective and subjective perspectives. Objectively, an individual's behavior must align with generally accepted standards of good faith behavior, which are either established by law or derived from judicial practice. Subjectively, the concept reflects an individual's internal conviction that their behavior is legitimate and does not infringe upon the rights and interests of others. The article also analyzes specific provisions in civil legislation that impose a duty on participants in civil relations to act in good faith, providing partial insights into the principle's content. Through a detailed examination of scientific literature, Supreme Court practices, and civil law provisions, the article argues for the legislative inclusion of clarifications regarding "good faith" and "good faith behavior." Such clarifications should outline at least an approximate composition of these categories, facilitating a clearer understanding and application. Furthermore, the article underscores the law-making role of judicial bodies in interpreting and expanding the application of the principle of good faith. It observes trends in judicial practice that indicate a broader application of this principle, reflecting its evolving importance in civil law. In conclusion, the article posits that a well-defined principle of good faith is essential for the coherent and equitable regulation of civil legal relations. By providing legislative clarity and supporting judicial interpretation, the principle of good faith can significantly enhance the fairness and reliability of civil law.

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Khodyko, Y. .
    Legal Regime of Inventions Created by Artificial Intelligence [Електронний ресурс] / Y. Khodyko // Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicacoes. - 2024. - Vol. 16, no. 1. - P. 322-343. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v16i1.48972
   Перевод заглавия: Правовий режим винаходів, створених штучним інтелектом

УДК	347.77:004.8

Аннотация: [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) as an object of civil legal relations, with a specific focus on its status as an inventor. The study aims to define the characteristics of AI as an inventor, including its intangible nature, resemblance to the human brain, autonomy, data collection and processing capabilities, learning ability, and generation of novel results, particularly in the realm of inventions. [Methodology/Approach/Design] The research employs a range of methodologies, including functional and logical analysis, deduction, induction, synthesis, and dogmatic approaches. It highlights the need for legal regulation concerning AI as an inventor, with particular attention given to the legal regime surrounding inventions created by AI. [Findings] Based on the unique aspects of AI as an object of civil legal relations and its capacity to create inventions, the study proposes extending the existing legal and patent framework to address these relations with certain specificities. The conditions for patentability of AI-generated inventions should mirror those for human inventions, as they operate in the same technological field. [Practical Implications] It is not recommended to grant AI the status of a legal entity. Instead, the study suggests indicating in the patent that the invention was created with the assistance of a specific AI, without conferring personal non-property rights to AI itself. Property rights to inventions generated by AI should be legally assigned to the user of the AI, unless agreed upon differently by the parties involved. [Originality/Value] Given the advancements in AI technologies and their ability to create patentable inventions, there is an urgent need for comprehensive and effective legal regulation. Currently, such regulation is lacking at both the national and international levels, underscoring the significance and value of this study.

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Yaroshenko, O. M..
    Non-fixed working hours in the context of globalisation: the impact of international trends on Ukrainian legislation and employers' practices [Електронний ресурс] = Horários de trabalho não fixos no contexto da globalização: o impacto das tendências internacionais na legislação ucraniana e nas práticas dos empregadores / O. M. Yaroshenko, O. H. Sereda, V. M. Harashchuk, L. V. Mohilevskyi, A. M. Yushko // Revista Juridica Portucalense. - 2024. - Iss. 35. - P. 238-260. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(35)2024.ic-12 . - ISSN 2183-5705
   Перевод заглавия: Нефіксований робочий час в умовах глобалізації: вплив міжнародних тенденцій на національне законодавство та практику роботодавців

УДК	349.24:331.3

Аннотация: Globalisation and information technology are having an active impact on various spheres of society, from the economic sphere to labour relations. The direct impact on the labour sphere can be seen in the change in trends in the definition of working hours, as today there are more opportunities for compromise between employees and employers on setting working hours and agreeing on the possibility of non-fixed working hours. This has resulted in flexible working arrangements. This is what makes this study relevant. The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of non-fixed working hours and to analyse the challenges faced by participants in labour relations when establishing flexible working hours in the context of globalisation. It is important to study global patterns and trends in the introduction of flexible working hours at the international level, taking into account international regulations. It is also advisable to assess the impact of international recommendations on the formation of national labour legislation in the framework of non-fixed working hours. In order to achieve this purpose, a number of methods of scientific knowledge were used, such as systematic analysis, synthesis, formal legal method, dialectical method and method of analysis of regulatory documents. The findings will serve as a basis for further research in this area and will contribute to the development of recommendations for adapting the current legislation to the realities of today, the rapid development of information technology and globalisation.

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Korniyenko, G. .
    Development of Rural Areas: Strategies, Challenges and the Role of Agricultural Policy in Achieving Sustainable Rural Development [Електронний ресурс] / G. Korniyenko, T. Kurman, T. Lisova, S. Sharapova, M. Pokalchuk // Economic Affairs (New Delhi). - 2024. - Vol. 69. - P. 11-21. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.3
   Перевод заглавия: Розвиток сільських територій: стратегії, виклики та роль аграрної політики в досягненні сталого розвитку сільських територій

УДК	349.42 (477)

Аннотация: Agricultural policy plays a vital role in achieving sustainable rural development. However, it requires detailed strategic planning based on regional issues and gaps in the implementation of previous sustainable development plans. This article aims to analyze the state and peculiarities of rural development in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Specifically, it examines the importance of agricultural policy strategies in achieving sustainable rural development. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive systematic analysis of the strategic plans of the Common Agricultural Policy Strategies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Also, it includes structural indicators of regional development of the agricultural sector in these countries for 2017-2020. The results demonstrate that the Common Agricultural Policy Strategies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary are aimed at stimulating sustainable rural development. In Bulgaria, the agricultural policy for achieving sustainable rural development included creating workplaces, diversifying and developing small enterprises, implementing local development strategies, developing social infrastructure, financing inputs and young farmers, and infrastructure projects (e.g., irrigation). The Czech Republic has the following policy priorities at the European level: sustainability, modernization, workplaces, innovation and quality, and diversification. Direct payments and rural development programs were the main financing mechanisms according to specific needs. The following rural development mechanisms were used in Hungary: farmland management contracts, water and land management measures, social inclusion, investment projects, and special subprograms for targeted support of young farmers. Structural indicators of regional development indicate support for the sustainability of the agricultural sector in 2017-2020.

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Trofymenko, V. .
    Protection of the Civilian Population from Human Rights Violations through European Mechanisms in Wartime [Електронний ресурс] / V. Trofymenko, V. Serohin, O. Fedorchenko, R. Ovcharenko, Y. Kovalova // Pakistan Journal of Criminology. - 2024. - Vol. 16, iss. 2. - P. 545-559. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.545.559
   Перевод заглавия: Захист цивільного населення від порушень прав людини через європейські механізми у воєнний час

УДК	347.91/.95:[341.645:341.231.14](4)]“364”

Аннотация: The problem of protecting the civilian population from human rights violations in wartime becomes especially relevant in the context of current armed conflicts. The effectiveness of European human rights mechanisms plays a crucial role in preventing violations and ensuring accountability for committed crimes. The aim of the article is to study the mechanisms of protection of the civilian population from human rights violations through European institutions. The article analyses the activities of the European Court of Human Rights and other regulatory bodies responsible for human rights protection. The study’s results revealed that despite a strong legal framework and institutional structure, the efficiency of the highest instance is questionable - 50%. Statistical analysis showed the need to strengthen international cooperation and adapt existing mechanisms to the needs of the civilian population in the regions of hostilities. The study results emphasise the importance of developing and implementing new strategies for improving human rights protection. Further research should explore the possibilities of integrating the latest technologies into monitoring and recording violations to accelerate the adoption of existing enforcement mechanisms. The study’s practical significance is the analysis of the impact of international diplomatic efforts on the prevention of human rights violations in wartime.

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Bielai, S. .
    The Impact of a Practice-Oriented Paradigm on Public Administration and National Security [Електронний ресурс] / S. Bielai, L. Antonova, S. Hololobov, I. Yevtushenko, K. Sporyshev // International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. - 2024. - Vol. 19, iss. 1. - P. 277-288. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190126
   Перевод заглавия: Вплив практико-орієнтованої парадигми на державне управління та національну безпеку

УДК

351.746.1

Аннотация: The purpose of the article is to reveal the impact of the practice-oriented paradigm on public administration for effective national security and to identify ways to improve the management system with due regard for current challenges and threats. The methodology of the article includes an analysis of scientific literature, documentary sources, and applied research in the field of public administration and national security. The study found that the practice-oriented paradigm allows for the effective implementation of strategies and policies, promotes coordination and cooperation between different agencies and organizations, and ensures an effective response to crisis situations. The results of the study confirm that the practice-oriented paradigm of public administration has a direct impact on national security through the following key aspects: effectiveness of crisis response (approaches aimed at solving specific problems and solving problems allow for a better response to crises and ensure the sustainability of national security); involvement of experts (taking into account the opinions and experience of specialists and practitioners allows for the development of more adaptive and effective security strategies); flexibility and adaptation. The conclusions of the article point to the need for continuous improvement of the management system and strategy development, taking into account current challenges and threats. The significance of this article lies in the fact that it offers practical recommendations for political and managerial personnel that will help improve the public administration system and ensure national security. The findings of the study can be used to develop strategies, policies, and programs in the field of public administration and national security.

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