( U=343.1 )

343.11

ББК Х893.8
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-2.3-a000015

Аннотация: Investigation of crimes against justice in Ukraine is among topical problems of miscarriage of justice. Hundreds of criminal cases are recorded as a crime in the Official Register in Ukraine but only a few have been brought to the court. In this article we try to approach this problem in three ways: from the point of view of criminal law, criminal procedure and criminalistic measures of counteraction to miscarriage of justice. Such an approach helps to demonstrate problems of investigator, prosecutor and judge at different stages of criminal proceeding. Special attention is paid to specific regulation of the issues of criminal proceedings against a certain category of persons, including judges. Mistakes of representatives of law enforcement bodies become visible as a result of analyzing of real criminal cases. Such an analysis is aimed to disclose the problem of counteraction to miscarriage of justice in Ukraine.

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Kaplina, O. .
Proportionality of interference with the right to peaceful enjoyment of property during the seizure of property in criminal proceedings in Ukraine [Текст] / O. Kaplina, S. Fomin // Access to justice in Eastern Europe. - 2020. - Issue: 4. - P. 246-264
Перевод заглавия: Соразмерность помех на право мирного использования имущество во время ареста имущества в уголовном производстве Украины

УДК

ББК Х629.3
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-3.4-a000038

Аннотация: This article considers relevant science and law enforcement practice issues of state intervention's legitimacy in the right to peaceful property enjoyment in criminal proceedings during property seizure. These issues are considered everywhere through international instruments' prism, particularly the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR) and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention and the ECtHR case-law. Based on the ECtHR case law, the authors analyze the conditions under which the state may interfere in exercising a protected right, often called criteria for intervention. Based on the fact restrictions are permissible if they are prescribed by law, necessary in a democratic society and pursue a legitimate goal, the authors consider these conditions through the lens of national law enforcement practices of Ukrainian criminal proceedings. The authors emphasize the relevance of these criteria of the legality of individual rights restriction in criminal proceedings since when applying for property seizure, the Ukrainian legislator requires investigating judges to consider reasonableness and restriction proportionality of property rights, and apply the least onerous seizure method, not suspend or excessively restrict a person's lawful business activities, or other consequences significantly affecting others' interests. Due to the amendment of the Ukrainian criminal procedure legislation, the practice is slowly approaching the European Court of Human Rights practice's European standards. However, proper systematic, logical and consistent court decisions limiting the human right to peaceful property possession remain critical. Based on the study, the authors offer a model of logical reasoning, following which the investigating judges can correctly formulate the motivational part of the decision to satisfy or deny the request for property seizure. Particular attention is paid to the reasonableness, suitability, necessity, and proportionality of the means of restricting the right to peaceful enjoyment of the property and describes each of them.

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Basysta, I. .
Protection and risks of illegal divulgation of banking secrecy in ukrainian criminal proceeding [Текст] / I. Basysta, I. Shepitko, O. Shutova // Access to justice in Eastern Europe. - 2020. - Issue: 4. - P. 298-305
Перевод заглавия: Защита и риски незаконного разглашение банковской тайны в уголовном производстве Украины

УДК

ББК Х629.3
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-3.4-n000042

Аннотация: The authors contribute to the national reform discussion to improve Ukrainian society's banking system confidence, approaching the European standards of financial services. Public confidence in banks focuses on performance, necessary for financial institutions, but negative feedback from the media, relatives, acquaintances regarding banks has bred significant mistrust. Among the root causes of an unflattering bank, image engenders the financial institution's inability to ensure customer information confidentiality regarding the banking secrecy. This article reviews the protection and illegal disclosure risks of banking secrecy, access to it within criminal proceedings, legal uncertainty of the Laws of Ukraine 'On Banks and Banking' and 'On Currency and Foreign Exchange Transactions, and proposed elimination method. Also provided are particular risks and recommendations for dealing with bank secrecy's apparent risks to continue improving adequate bank secrecy disclosure compliance with the FATCA Agreement.

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Shylo, O. H..
Legal means of procuring the unity application of the criminal procedure law [Текст] = Правові засоби забезпечення єдності застосування кримінального процесуального закону / O. H. Shylo, N. V. Hlynska // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P. 156-169

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.27(2).2020.156-169

Аннотация: Ensuring the unity of judicial practice is the implementation of the legal certainty principle, which is considered as the part of the rule of law, ensures the predictability of court decisions. At the theoretical level, the issues of the unity of judicial practice are mostly the subject of research in the context of judicial reform and the judiciary, but comprehensive research on this issue in the field of modern criminal justice is almost absent. The purpose of the study is to establish a system of legal means to ensure the unity of judicial practice. The methodological basis of the study was based on general and special methods, namely: dialectical, systematic, formal-legal and logical methods. The authors provide a brief overview of the theoretical provisions that determine the socio-legal value of the unity of law enforcement practice. The concept of “unity of judicial practice” in the field of criminal proceedings is analyzed and it was emphasized the usage of the approach of understanding the unity of judicial practice as a synonym of equal (adjustment) application of procedural and material norms in homogeneous categories of court decisions, which are adopted in the course of criminal proceedings. It is established that the limit of permitted differences in the application of the law is quite flexible and informal. It is established that the quality of the law cannot be assessed in isolation from the practice of its application. The authors also emphasize the instrumental role of judicial practice in the general mechanism of ensuring uniformity of law enforcement. A position was expressed on the role of explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court in the general mechanism of ensuring the unity of judicial practice. It is established that the system of legal means to ensure the unity of application of the law in the field of criminal proceedings consists of a set of interrelated elements. The results of the study can be used in further scientific development of the problem of ensuring the unity of judicial practice, scientific substantiation of proposals aimed to improve the current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the issues that have become the subject of this research.

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Kaplina, O. V..
Interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses in criminal proceedings: Current state and prospects for improvement [Текст] = Допит малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків у кримінальному провадженні: актуальний стан та перспективи удосконалення / O. V. Kaplina, O. P. Kuchynska, O. M. Krukevych // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P. 268-276

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.268-276

Аннотация: The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure for obtaining information provided by minors and juvenile witnesses during interrogation regarding the circumstances known to them in criminal proceedings at the litigation stage, while ensuring the best respect for the children's interests. The authors employed philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of cognition, which allowed conducting a detailed analysis of the procedure for interrogating minor and juvenile witnesses at the litigation stage. To develop scientific proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during the litigation, the study defined the principles of child-friendly justice that must be observed during this procedural action, as well as the guarantees stipulated by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and aimed at implementing international standards for ensuring the rights of minors in criminal proceedings. The authors of this study state that the legislative definition of requirements imposed separately on the teacher, psychologist, and doctor involved in the interrogation of minor or juvenile witnesses, as well as the procedure for involving such persons by the court and the pre-trial investigation body, would considerably improve the quality of the required aid to minor witnesses and would meet international standards. The study analyses the international practices concerning the introduction of the institution of representation in the litigation of pre-recorded testimony of minors and juvenile witnesses. The authors established that the introduction of such an institution is absolutely justified and will have an exceptionally positive effect both for minor and juvenile witnesses, as well as for the process of proof, and can be implemented in Ukrainian legislation. Scientific proposals have been developed to improve the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during court proceedings.
Актуальність дослідження зумовлюється необхідністю удосконалення процедури отримання відомостей, які надаються під час допиту малолітніми та неповнолітніми свідками щодо відомих їм обставин у кримінальному провадженні під час судового розгляду, із забезпеченням якнайкращого дотримання інтересів дітей. При проведенні дослідження авторами використовувались філософські, загальнонаукові та спеціальнонаукові методи пізнання, які дали можливість провести детальний аналіз процедури допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків на стадії судового розгляду. З метою розроблення наукових пропозицій щодо удосконалення законодавчого врегулювання проведення допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків під час судового розгляду визначено принципи правосуддя дружнього до дитини, що повинні бути дотримані під час проведення такої процесуальної дії, а також гарантії, визначені у КПК України та спрямовані на реалізацію міжнародних стандартів забезпечення прав неповнолітніх осіб у кримінальному провадженні. Констатовано, що визначення на законодавчому рівні вимог, які ставляться окремо до педагога, психолога та лікаря, що беруть участь у допиті малолітніх або неповнолітніх свідків, а також порядку залучення таких осіб судом та органом досудового розслідування, значно б покращило якість надання необхідної допомоги неповнолітнім свідкам та відповідало б міжнародним стандартам. Проведено аналіз міжнародного досвіду в частині запровадження інституту представництва під час судового розгляду попередньо записаних показань малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків. Встановлено, що запровадження такого інституту є абсолютно виправданим та таким, що матиме виключно позитивний ефект як для малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків, так і для процесу доказування, і може бути імплементованим у національне законодавство. Розроблено наукові пропозиції щодо удосконалення законодавчого врегулювання проведення допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків під час судового розгляду.

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Demura, M.
Using artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of criminal judiciary: international experience and domestic prospects [Текст] / M. Demura, D. Klepka // Science And Innovation. - 2021. - Vol. 17, Iss. 5. - P. 95-102
Перевод заглавия: Використання алгоритмів штучного інтелекту у сфері кримінального судової судовства: міжнародний досвід та внутрішні перспективи

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.291

Аннотация: Introduction. The world has been currently experiencing a new technological revolution, the key element of which is the transmission, processing, and use of information. One of the directions of this revolution is the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) science in various fields. Problem Statement. International experience in the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of criminal justice and national prospects for its use. Purpose. The purpose is to study the international experience in the use of AI algorithms in the field of criminal justice and to identify possible directions for the introduction of such technologies in the domestic criminal process. Materials and Methods. The methodological framework is the dialectical, systemic, logical methods, as well as the law comparison method. Results. The analysis of national and foreign criminal procedural legislation, as well as the practice of using AI in the field of criminal procedure has shown the possibilities of using AI algorithms in the field of criminal justice. It has been proved that, given the international experience, the introduction of AI algorithms in criminal proceedings in Ukraine is not only a promising, but in some cases, a necessary tool to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of participators in criminal proceedings. At the same time, the most important issue is the observance of individual rights when using AI algorithms, as well as ensuring a fair trial so that everyone who has committed a criminal offense is brought to justice, no innocent person has been accused or convicted, no person has been subjected to unreasonable procedural coercion, and that proper legal procedure is applied to each participator in the criminal proceedings. Conclusions. The use of AI may significantly reduce the burden on pre-trial investigation bodies, prosecutor's office, and judicial system in general. In addition to proper technical support for the use of AI algorithms in criminal proceedings in Ukraine, it is also necessary to introduce adequate and high-quality regulations for the use of such technologies in criminal proceedings.

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Drozdov, O. M..
Search and removal of prohibited items from the human body: medical- procedural aspect [Text] / O. M. Drozdov, O. V. Lazukova, S. O. Shulgin // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 3048-3052
Перевод заглавия: Пошук та вилучення з організму людини заборонених предметів: медико-процесуальний аспект

УДК

РУБ PMID: 35029578 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111232

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: Based on the research, to develop a scientific concept of medical and procedural aspects of restricting a person's right to physiological integrity related to the removal of prohibited items from his/her body and formulate recommendations for their implementation in law enforcement practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study were five decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the results of a survey of prosecutors, investigators, and lawyers, processing of materials of criminal proceedings. The practical evidence of the authors, their advocacy, and service in the prosecutor's office was also taken into account. To demonstrate the method of prohibited substances' concealment in a human body, a photographic image was used based on the results of the examination of a person using a scanner conducted by customs officials. The methodological basis of the research is a complex combination of general-scientific and special methods, in particular, system-structural, comparative-legal; sociological; statistical; as well as the method of generalization. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The removal of evidence from a person's body is a strip search. The basis for this investigative action should be a court decision, and in urgent cases, the prosecutor. This investigative action must be carried out with the obligatory participation of a physician. To this end, it is necessary to develop an appropriate medical protocol.

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Drozdov, O. .
Examination of evidence at the initiative of the court of appeal in criminal proceedings [Текст] / O. Drozdov, I. Basysta // Social and Legal Studios = Соціально-правові студії. - 2023. - Vol. 6, No. 1. - P. 25-32. - References : p. 30-32
Перевод заглавия: Дослідження доказів за власною ініціативою суду апеляційної інстанції в кримінальному провадженні

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.32518/sals1.2023.25

Аннотация: Today, the combined chamber of the Criminal Court of Cassation as part of the Supreme Court is trying to solve the problem of the appellate court’s initiative in the examination of evidence, since the approaches of individual court chambers, namely the First and Third ones, differ. The purpose of this study was to identify those cases when the appellate authority is entitled to investigate the evidence proactively, without encroaching on the components of the principle prescribed in Article 22 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The formal-logical method helped generalize that the content and form of such a review must comply with the principles of criminal proceedings, including equality before the law and the court, as well as competition between the parties (it has been proven that their absence may indicate a violation of both constitutional and convention rights), freedom in presenting their evidence to the court and in proving their persuasiveness before the court. The results of the deductive method helped formulate the following theses: the legislator, understanding the equality of procedural rights not as their uniformity, normalizes it in the Criminal Procedural Code as equality in terms of the possibilities of exercising the granted rights; the legislator also determines such equality of rights from the functions that a certain participant in criminal proceedings is endowed with. The combination of prosecution, defence, and justice in one guise contradicts the adversarial nature of the judicial procedure. The study revealed that the passivity of the parties forces the court to choose its activity within the limits of the function of justice defined for it, and its initiative is aimed at examining the evidence to make a legal, well-founded, and fair decision. It is proved that these features of judicial proceedings are a priori inherent in the appeal review, along with its inherent features, including the determination of the amount of evidence to be examined, as well as compliance with the limits of judicial review, which are normalized by Article 404 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. It was found that the initiative of the court of appeal to examine evidence and their further investigation in this court is permissible in situations where such evidence became known after the adoption of the appealed court decision. Compliance with this rule will protect the court from possible violations of the requirements of Article 22 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, and scientific developments in this area are designed, among other things, to pave the way for the unity of judicial practice through doctrinal recommendations.

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Baranovska, T. .
Theoretical and practical dimensions of legal responsibility in criminal justice [Електронний ресурс] / T. Baranovska, O. Ihnatiuk, S. Sokha, L. Moskvych, O. Dragan // Multidisciplinary Science Journal. - 2024. - Vol. 6. - Ст. e2024ss0737. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0737
Перевод заглавия: Теоретичні та практичні виміри юридичної відповідальності в кримінальному судочинстві

УДК

Аннотация: The present academic paper is devoted to analyzing the current challenges in the field of criminal law and justice, with a special emphasis on the development of universal standards of criminal prosecution. The primary purpose of the research is to identify the key aspects and challenges faced by modern criminal justice systems in the context of their adaptation to globalization processes and international standards. Legal responsibility is the cornerstone of national criminal justice, reflecting a set of legal principles that define the boundaries of permissible behavior and establish legal consequences for violating them. Legal responsibility in the context of international criminal justice reflects the globalization of legal norms and the interaction of international and national legal systems. The principles of fair trial enshrined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter - the Convention) are an integral part of criminal justice in the member states of the Convention. The basic principles of fair trial relating to criminal prosecution are defined in Article 6 of the Convention. Challenges related to implementing the principles of justice and legality in the international context as well as opportunities for improving the mechanisms of international cooperation in this area actualize the prospects for further studies in this direction. Particular attention is given to the analysis of various legal traditions and approaches to justice that influence the formation of universal standards of criminal justice. A deeper study of the specifics of national systems and their impact on the formation of universal legal norms is important in order to create a more harmonious and fair international justice.

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