Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого

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Зведений електронний каталог «Правова освіта. Правова культура»

Е-картотека "Публікації вчених НЮУ ім. Ярослава Мудрого в Scopus"

Законодавство України 1917-1945

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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PMID: 35029588/T44
Автор(ы) : Akhtyrska, Nataliia M, Grodetskiy, Yuriy V.
Заглавие : The right to life from the point of view of personal autonomy in decision-making on euthanasia (review of the ECHR practice and the legislation of selected countries)
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P.3108-3112
УДК : 342.7 + 341.231.14 + 341.645:341.231.14](4)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): palliative care--паліативна допомога--паллиативная помощь--quality of life--качество жизни--якість життя--euthanasia--евтаназія--эвтаназия--human rights--права человека--права людини--the right to a dignified death--право на гідну смерть--право на достойную смерть
Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To analyze law enforcement practice on the basis of the national legislation of foreign states to single out features of legal regulation of the right to euthanasia realization and to outline the Ukrainian prospects of euthanasia legalization. Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the research is the legislation of some European countries (Belgium, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and the Netherlands) and Canada; decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to voluntary death and the obligations of states; the results of a survey of 750 respondents conducted by the authors. The methodological basis of the study were philosophical views on life, death, and the right to certainty, formal-logical method (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc.), comparative, analytical, statistical, sociological methods of cognition, as well as a synergetic approach. Conclusions: The issue of legal regulation of euthanasia is multifactorial, socially conditioned, and requires a positive action of the state both in terms of regulation and/or prohibition, and the proper provision of citizens with health care. Legislative support for the human right to a “dignified death” is dictated, to some extent, by society’s demand, which must be finally resulted in the draft law. As for Ukraine, the adoption of such a law is obviously premature. Although according to a survey of citizens on euthanasia and the feasibility of introducing such a law in Ukraine, 57% are positive about the experience of other countries, and 41% were in favor of adopting a law in Ukraine, it is not possible to assess their opinion due to ignorance of legislation where euthanasia is allowed.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Clark, Elizabeth A., Vovk, Dmytro
Заглавие : Introduction : [Symposium: Gender Equality and Freedom of Religion or Belief Across the OSCE]
Место публикации : Review of Faith & International Affairs. - 2022. - Vol. 20, Iss. 3. - P.1-3
УДК : 342.722 + 341.215.4 + 341.645:341.231.14](4)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): gender--пол--стать--women’s rights--права жінок--права женщин--freedom of religion or belief--свобода религии или убеждений--свобода релігії чи переконань--osce--обсє--обсе--international law--международное право--міжнародне право--human rights--права людини--права человека
Аннотация: This symposium presents a rich array of papers on the role of religion and religious freedom in gender equality and women's rights issues across the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) region. Religion and gender equality are often seen as being in tension. With a particular focus on international law, this special collection explores not only such tensions but also areas of common ground.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kravtsov, Serhii, Sharenko, Svitlana, Krytska, Iryna, Kaplina, Vladyslava
Заглавие : The phenomenon of the judge's separate opinion European Court of Human Rights
Место публикации : Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2024. - Vol. 7, iss. 4. - P.267-292. - ISSN 2663-0575. - ISSN 2663-0583
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-7.4-a000114
УДК : 341.645:341.231.14](4)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): court decision--european court of human rights--human rights--judicial discretion--legal position--right to a fair trial--separate opinion of the judge--рішення суду--європейський суд з прав людини--права людини--суддівський розсуд--правове становище--право на справедливий суд--окрема думка судді
Аннотация: Background: The authors of the article refer to the institution of separate opinions of the judges of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the European Court, the Court or the ECtHR). They emphasise that this phenomenon has not been sufficiently studied in the legal literature. However, given the leading role of the European Court, its progressive views and authority – primarily on the European continent, where it serves as an umbrella for those who have not found protection at the national level – a judge’s opinion should not merely be an appendix to the Court’s decision. Instead, it should be regarded as the driving force for the development of the doctrine, warranting academic study, consideration by practitioners at the national level, and a possible reference point for forecasting and shaping future interpretations of the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights in ECtHR future decisions. Methods: In the article, the authors present the points of view of scientists and practitioners on the phenomenon of separate opinions, illustrating specific examples of what they consider to be the most interesting separate opinions attached to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Based on substantive analysis, they formulate conclusions, emphasising the prospective doctrinal importance for world science, law-making and law-enforcement perspective for national legal systems, as well as unconditional axiological importance, because they play the role of a catalyst for creative judicial search, contribute to the support of judicial independence and personal responsibility. The special importance not only of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights but also of individual opinions, according to the authors, stems from the fact that those key problematic issues that bring citizens before the ECtHR are a priori difficult for the entire European community. The authors analysed separate opinions, such as that of ECtHR Judge Elósegui, which was expressed in the ECtHR case Mortier v. Belgium, regarding the ratio of the provisions of Article 2 "Right to Life" ECHR and euthanasia. The authors also focused on the key conclusions made by the Portuguese ECtHR Judge Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque, who, in his nine-year tenure, independently or with colleagues, formulated more than 150 separate opinions. The authors particularly explore his opinions in two well-known cases, Bărbulescu v. Romania and Svetina v. Slovenia. Notably, in the former case, although the judge remained in the section in the minority, his separate opinion later turned into the opinion of the majority of the Grand Chamber of the ECtHR. Results and conclusions: The authors consider the phenomenon of a separate opinion of a judge of the European Court as a result of independent and deep thinking, an expression of the judge's individual legal awareness. This perspective is based on the author's immersion in the problems that were the subject of consideration by the panel of judges and found or, on the contrary, did not find their expression in the court decision. In examining separate opinions, the authors also pay attention to the specifics of their structural construction often employed by ECtHR judges. These skillfully structured opinions can serve as a valuable example for national courts, many of which are still in search of their individual legal style.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Mernyk, Anastasiia, Hyliaka, Oleh, Sheverdina, Viktoriia
Заглавие : The right to life
Место публикации : Wiadomosci Lekarskie. - 2025. - Vol. 78, iss. 1. - P.197-209
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/197134[Для автора Гиляки О. С. зазначена інша орг-ція]
УДК : 342.7 + 341.215.4 + 341.645:341.231.14](4) + 342.746
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): human rights--права людини--right to life--право на життя--protection of rights--захист прав--right to an abortion--право на аборт--right to euthanasia--право на евтаназію--right to health
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Aim: The article is devoted to the study of the right to life as a key aspect of legal theory. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of the right to life, to analyze its essence, place and significance in the system of general human rights; to outline the main principles and concepts related to the right to life, to consider their evolution in different legal systems and to discuss important ethical aspects related to this topic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The article examines the right to life, defines its place in the modern world, highlights the issues of correlation between this right and the right to abortion and euthanasia, and assesses the prospects for their realization. The empirical basis of the study is grounded on articles by scholars and assessments by leading experts in the field. The authors used general scientific methods, including system analysis, system modeling, and the dialectical method. To demonstrate the relationship between the right to life of an unborn child and a woman's right to abortion, a social survey was conducted among different population groups. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Analyzing the right to life in the context of its interrelationship with other human rights, such as the right to liberty, the right to health and the right to a fair trial, helps to affirm the principles of the rule of law and ensure equality before the law for all. In the modern world, the concept of the right to life has become an important element of international law, which covers not only physical existence, but also the provision of a decent and quality life, health, education and social protection. Cultural and religious aspects play a significant role in shaping the understanding of the right to life. Different religious and cultural traditions have their own interpretations of the beginning and end of life, influencing attitudes to aspects related to medical interventions, abortion, euthanasia and other issues.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Skrypnyk, Andrii, Aliieva, Tarana, Titko, Ivan
Заглавие : The use of specialized (medical) knowledge in the criminal process: the practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Место публикации : Wiadomości Lekarskie. - 2024. - Vol. 77, iss. 6. - P.1263-1270. - ISSN 2719-342X. - ISSN 0043-5147
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202406123
УДК : 343.1(477)(094.4) + 341.645:341.231.14](4)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): echr practice--практика єспл--практика європейського суду з прав людини--collection of biological samples--збір біологічних зразків--criminal process--кримінальний процес--forensic medical examination--судово-медична експертиза--investigative actions--слідчі дії--specialized (medical) knowledge--спеціальні (медичні) знання
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Aim: This article is aimed at raising awareness and stimulating scientific discussion on the necessity of involving qualified medical professionals in conducting criminal procedural actions that involve intervention in human somatic rights, in order to further improve the legal instruments ensuring compliance with the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the ECHR) standards in this field. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: In preparing the article, the following issues were worked out: the provisions of international legal acts; legal positions of the ECHR related to the use of medical knowledge in the criminal process; scientific studies of various aspects of the use of medical knowledge in the criminal process. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, analytical, synthetic, complex research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge in the criminal process generally takes two forms: (a) expert and (b) ancillary. The expert form, particularly forensic medical examination, must adhere to a set of criteria reflected in the practice of the ECHR. Personal searches involving penetration into human body cavities generally align with the requirements of the he European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), provided certain conditions are met, including medical considerations. The criterion for the admissibility of coercive collection of biological samples for examination is the existence of samples independent of the individual's will.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trykhlib, Kristina
Заглавие : Analysis of autonomous concepts in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Место публикации : Comparative Law Review. - 2022. - Vol. 28. - P.459-484
УДК : 341.645:341.231.14](4)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): autonomous concepts--criminal charge--lawfulness--peaceful assembly--penalty--person of unsound mind--european court of human rights--автономні поняття--кримінальне звинувачення--мирне зібрання--психічно хвора людина--практика європейського суду з прав людини--автономные понятия--уголовное обвинение--мирные собрания--психические заболевания--практика европейского суда по правам человека
Аннотация: The European Court of Human Rights, when interpreting the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, develops in its jurisprudence autonomous concepts that serve as the foundation for the effective protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Thus, the European Court of Human Rights establishes certain standards that are binding on all Member States of the Council of Europe. Autonomous concepts act as a kind of “safeguard” against the abuse and arbitrariness of national au-thorities. They also contribute to the unification and harmonization of different legal sys-tems, as well as the progress of a uniform judicial practice in the process of interpretation and application of law. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence and analyse the content and key components of such autonomous concepts as criminal charge, lawfulness, penalty, person of unsound mind, and peaceful assembly in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tsuvina, Tetiana, Serhieieva, Alina Yu.
Заглавие : Judicial independence de jure and de facto: lessons for Ukraine from the case law of the ECtHR
Место публикации : International Comparative Jurisprudence. - 2024. - Vol. 10, iss. 1. - P.50-60. - ISSN 2351-6674
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2024.06.004
УДК : 341.645:341.231.14](4) + 342.56 + 347.962
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): judicial independence--судова незалежність--de jure judicial independence--судова незалежність de jure--de facto judicial independence--судова незалежність de facto--right to a fair trial--право на справедливий суд--ecthr--європейський суд з прав людини--єспл
Аннотация: The principle of judicial independence is a fundamental tenet of the rule of law and fair trial standards. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) identifies four criteria for evaluating judicial independence: (a) the manner of a judge’s appointment; (b) the duration of such an appointment; (c) safeguards against external influence; and (d) the appearance of independence. The ECtHR also distinguishes several dimensions of judicial independence, including independence vis-à-vis the executive, parliament, other courts, and parties, as well as independence from judicial councils. Nevertheless, despite the existence of shared European principles on judicial independence, certain countries, particularly those undergoing transitions, encounter challenges such as political interference, corruption, and insufficient safeguards against dismissal. This results in a discernible disjunction between de jure and de facto judicial independence. This article poses the following research questions: What are the main approaches and common challenges for judicial independence in European countries based on the latest case law of the ECtHR? What lessons can be learned by Ukraine, as an EU candidate, from this case law in order to mitigate the gap between de jure and de facto judicial independence?
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tyshchenko, Olga, Hnatiuk, Andrii, Titko, Ivan
Заглавие : Procedural status of persons suffering from mental disorders: international standards
Место публикации : Wiadomosci Lekarskie. - 2023. - Vol. 76, Iss. 2. - P.433-438
Примечания : References : p. 437-438
УДК : 341.645:341.231.14](4) + 343.211.3
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): mental health--психічне здоров'я--психическое здоровье--international standards--міжнародні стандарти--международные стандарты--mental disorder--психічний розлад--психическое расстройство--echr practice--практика єспл--практика еспч
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To identify, group and analyze international standards in terms of regulating the criminal procedural status of persons su!ering from mental disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In preparing the article, the following issues were worked out: the provisions of international legal acts; legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the observance of the right to a fair trial of persons su!ering from mental disorders; scienti"c research to ensure the rights of persons su!ering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, analytical, synthetic, complex research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Universal international standards of human rights retain their validity for persons su!ering from mental disorders; today, a clear synchronization of universal (global) and European standards for determining the procedural status of persons su!ering from mental disorders is being followed; the most justi"ed is a di!erentiated approach to solving the issue of personal participation of a person su!ering from a mental disorder in a court hearing.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg, Steshenko, Volodymyr, Tarasov, Oleh, Nurullaiev, Ilkin, Shvartseva, Mariia
Заглавие : Right to Health Care: The Practice of the ECTHR and the Case of Ukraine
Место публикации : Age of Human Rights Journal. - 2022. - Vol. 18. - P.239-256
УДК : 341.645:341.231.14](4) + 341.215.4 + 343.211.3 + 342.7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): human rights--права людини--права человека--right to health care--право на охрану здоровья--право на охорону здоров'я--the european court of human rights (echr)--європейський суд з прав людини (єспл)--европейский суд по правам человека (еспч)--protection of human rights--защита прав человека--захист прав людини--right to health--право на здоров'я--право на здоровье
Аннотация: The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of human rights in a democratic society. Despite the fact that all natural human rights are important, the right to health care is practically in the forefront, because without its observance all other rights are leveled. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is even greater given the fact that for a long time the relevant law was not given due attention in law or in legal science. The right to health care is comprehensive and includes other human rights that derive from it. The existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) confirms the importance of the human right to health care. In its judgments, the Court emphasizes the importance of this right and reaffirms the need for States to monitor its observance. The aim of the study – analysis of international legal norms and standards, as well as the practice of the ECtHR in the context of the human right to health. The leading research method used in the article is the formal-legal method, the application of which provided an effective analysis of the legal framework of international law, national legislation of Ukraine, and the case law of the ECtHR. Which, in turn, allowed to determine the importance of human rights to health and places of relevant law in the practice of the ECtHR. The article analyzes the theoretical and legal approaches to understanding the right to health care and on this basis identifies the place of relevant law in the human rights system and its main determinants. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed and the main articles of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which the applicants applied for in violation of the right to health care, are identified. The analysis of the case law of the ECtHR provided an opportunity to identify existing shortcomings in the legislation of the member states. Based on this, it is possible to understand and distinguish ways to solve problems and methods for eliminating such violations in the future. The practical significance of the article lies in the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the separation of rights related to the right to protection of life, as well as the identification of the main determinants of the studied law.
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