( U=341.645:341.231.14](4) )

343.211.3

РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202302127 + PMID: 37010184

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To identify, group and analyze international standards in terms of regulating the criminal procedural status of persons su!ering from mental disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In preparing the article, the following issues were worked out: the provisions of international legal acts; legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the observance of the right to a fair trial of persons su!ering from mental disorders; scienti"c research to ensure the rights of persons su!ering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, analytical, synthetic, complex research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Universal international standards of human rights retain their validity for persons su!ering from mental disorders; today, a clear synchronization of universal (global) and European standards for determining the procedural status of persons su!ering from mental disorders is being followed; the most justi"ed is a di!erentiated approach to solving the issue of personal participation of a person su!ering from a mental disorder in a court hearing.

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Tsuvina, T. .
Judicial independence de jure and de facto: lessons for Ukraine from the case law of the ECtHR [Електронний ресурс] / T. Tsuvina, A. Yu. Serhieieva // International Comparative Jurisprudence. - 2024. - Vol. 10, iss. 1. - P. 50-60. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2024.06.004 . - ISSN 2351-6674
Перевод заглавия: Незалежність судів de jure та de facto: уроки для України з практики ЄСПЛ

УДК

342.56

347.962

Аннотация: The principle of judicial independence is a fundamental tenet of the rule of law and fair trial standards. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) identifies four criteria for evaluating judicial independence: (a) the manner of a judge’s appointment; (b) the duration of such an appointment; (c) safeguards against external influence; and (d) the appearance of independence. The ECtHR also distinguishes several dimensions of judicial independence, including independence vis-à-vis the executive, parliament, other courts, and parties, as well as independence from judicial councils. Nevertheless, despite the existence of shared European principles on judicial independence, certain countries, particularly those undergoing transitions, encounter challenges such as political interference, corruption, and insufficient safeguards against dismissal. This results in a discernible disjunction between de jure and de facto judicial independence. This article poses the following research questions: What are the main approaches and common challenges for judicial independence in European countries based on the latest case law of the ECtHR? What lessons can be learned by Ukraine, as an EU candidate, from this case law in order to mitigate the gap between de jure and de facto judicial independence?

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Skrypnyk, A. .
The use of specialized (medical) knowledge in the criminal process: the practice of the European Court of Human Rights [Електронний ресурс] / A. Skrypnyk, T. Aliieva, I. Titko // Wiadomości Lekarskie. - 2024. - Vol. 77, iss. 6. - P. 1263-1270. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202406123 . - ISSN 2719-342X. - ISSN 0043-5147
Перевод заглавия: Використання спеціальних (медичних) знань у кримінальному процесі: практика Європейського суду з прав людини

УДК

343.1(477)(094.4)

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Aim: This article is aimed at raising awareness and stimulating scientific discussion on the necessity of involving qualified medical professionals in conducting criminal procedural actions that involve intervention in human somatic rights, in order to further improve the legal instruments ensuring compliance with the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the ECHR) standards in this field. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: In preparing the article, the following issues were worked out: the provisions of international legal acts; legal positions of the ECHR related to the use of medical knowledge in the criminal process; scientific studies of various aspects of the use of medical knowledge in the criminal process. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, analytical, synthetic, complex research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge in the criminal process generally takes two forms: (a) expert and (b) ancillary. The expert form, particularly forensic medical examination, must adhere to a set of criteria reflected in the practice of the ECHR. Personal searches involving penetration into human body cavities generally align with the requirements of the he European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), provided certain conditions are met, including medical considerations. The criterion for the admissibility of coercive collection of biological samples for examination is the existence of samples independent of the individual's will.

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Trykhlib, K. .
Analysis of autonomous concepts in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights [Текст] / K. Trykhlib // Comparative Law Review. - 2022. - Vol. 28. - P. 459-484
Перевод заглавия: Аналіз автономних понять у практиці Європейського суду з прав людини

УДК

РУБ DOI: 10.12775/CLR.2022.016

Аннотация: The European Court of Human Rights, when interpreting the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, develops in its jurisprudence autonomous concepts that serve as the foundation for the effective protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Thus, the European Court of Human Rights establishes certain standards that are binding on all Member States of the Council of Europe. Autonomous concepts act as a kind of “safeguard” against the abuse and arbitrariness of national au-thorities. They also contribute to the unification and harmonization of different legal sys-tems, as well as the progress of a uniform judicial practice in the process of interpretation and application of law. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence and analyse the content and key components of such autonomous concepts as criminal charge, lawfulness, penalty, person of unsound mind, and peaceful assembly in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.

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Akhtyrska, N. M..
The right to life from the point of view of personal autonomy in decision-making on euthanasia (review of the ECHR practice and the legislation of selected countries) [Текст] / N. M. Akhtyrska, Y. V. Grodetskiy // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 3108-3112
Перевод заглавия: Право на життя з точки зору особистої автономії у прийнятті рішень про евтаназію (огляд практики ЄСПЛ і законодавства окремих країн)

УДК

342.7

341.231.14

РУБ PMID: 35029588 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111242

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To analyze law enforcement practice on the basis of the national legislation of foreign states to single out features of legal regulation of the right to euthanasia realization and to outline the Ukrainian prospects of euthanasia legalization. Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the research is the legislation of some European countries (Belgium, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and the Netherlands) and Canada; decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to voluntary death and the obligations of states; the results of a survey of 750 respondents conducted by the authors. The methodological basis of the study were philosophical views on life, death, and the right to certainty, formal-logical method (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc.), comparative, analytical, statistical, sociological methods of cognition, as well as a synergetic approach. Conclusions: The issue of legal regulation of euthanasia is multifactorial, socially conditioned, and requires a positive action of the state both in terms of regulation and/or prohibition, and the proper provision of citizens with health care. Legislative support for the human right to a “dignified death” is dictated, to some extent, by society’s demand, which must be finally resulted in the draft law. As for Ukraine, the adoption of such a law is obviously premature. Although according to a survey of citizens on euthanasia and the feasibility of introducing such a law in Ukraine, 57% are positive about the experience of other countries, and 41% were in favor of adopting a law in Ukraine, it is not possible to assess their opinion due to ignorance of legislation where euthanasia is allowed.

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Yaroshenko, O. .
Right to Health Care: The Practice of the ECTHR and the Case of Ukraine [Текст] / O. Yaroshenko, V. Steshenko, O. Tarasov, I. Nurullaiev, M. Shvartseva // Age of Human Rights Journal. - 2022. - Vol. 18. - P. 239-256
Перевод заглавия: Право на охорону здоров’я: практика Європейський суд з прав людини і приклад України

УДК

341.215.4

343.211.3

342.7

РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v18.6496

Аннотация: The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of human rights in a democratic society. Despite the fact that all natural human rights are important, the right to health care is practically in the forefront, because without its observance all other rights are leveled. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is even greater given the fact that for a long time the relevant law was not given due attention in law or in legal science. The right to health care is comprehensive and includes other human rights that derive from it. The existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) confirms the importance of the human right to health care. In its judgments, the Court emphasizes the importance of this right and reaffirms the need for States to monitor its observance. The aim of the study – analysis of international legal norms and standards, as well as the practice of the ECtHR in the context of the human right to health. The leading research method used in the article is the formal-legal method, the application of which provided an effective analysis of the legal framework of international law, national legislation of Ukraine, and the case law of the ECtHR. Which, in turn, allowed to determine the importance of human rights to health and places of relevant law in the practice of the ECtHR. The article analyzes the theoretical and legal approaches to understanding the right to health care and on this basis identifies the place of relevant law in the human rights system and its main determinants. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed and the main articles of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which the applicants applied for in violation of the right to health care, are identified. The analysis of the case law of the ECtHR provided an opportunity to identify existing shortcomings in the legislation of the member states. Based on this, it is possible to understand and distinguish ways to solve problems and methods for eliminating such violations in the future. The practical significance of the article lies in the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the separation of rights related to the right to protection of life, as well as the identification of the main determinants of the studied law.

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Clark, E. A..
Introduction [Electronic resource] : [Symposium: Gender Equality and Freedom of Religion or Belief Across the OSCE] / E. A. Clark, D. Vovk // Review of Faith & International Affairs. - 2022. - Vol. 20, Iss. 3. - P. 1-3
Перевод заглавия: Вступ [Симпозіум: Гендерна рівність і свобода релігії чи переконань в ОБСЄ]

УДК

342.722

341.215.4

РУБ DOI 10.1080/15570274.2022.2111794

Аннотация: This symposium presents a rich array of papers on the role of religion and religious freedom in gender equality and women's rights issues across the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) region. Religion and gender equality are often seen as being in tension. With a particular focus on international law, this special collection explores not only such tensions but also areas of common ground.

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