Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого

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Зведений електронний каталог «Правова освіта. Правова культура»

Е-картотека "Публікації вчених НЮУ ім. Ярослава Мудрого в Scopus"

Законодавство України 1917-1945

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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х629.01/M88
Автор(ы) : Moskvych, Lidiya M., Khotynska-Nor, Oksana Z., Biletska, Ganna A.
Заглавие : Disease as interference for judge's profession
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue:12 cz 2. - P.2501-2509
ББК : Х629.01
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): dissimulation--judge--list of diseases--somatic illnesses--health status--medical expert commissions--mental disorders--притворство--судья--список заболеваний--соматические болезни--статус здоровья--медицинские экспертные комиссии--психические расстройства--вдавання--список захворювань--соматичні захворювання--статус здоров'я--медичні експертні комісії--психічні розлади
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The judge's professional activity determines certain requirements for the health status of the person applying for this position or already performing his professional duties. Due to the specificity of professional activity, it could be cases of diseases that make it's impossible to perform professional functions effectively. It raises the question of the fairness of the dismissal procedure precisely for the health status that would exclude discrimination based on disability. The aim: The purpose of the scientific article is to summarize the leading experience of European countries on the protection and prevention of occupational illnesses of judges in order to substantiate specific proposals for the creation of an optimal procedure for dismissing a judge due to health status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The subject under discussion has been considered based on the relevant sources (scientific publications, legal acts, decisions of judicial and quasijudicial institutions), using the method of content analysis, comparative and contrastive, analytical and biblio-semantic methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: An analysis of European practice, including judgments on appealing against violations of the right to work due to unlawful dismissal based on health status allowed us to formulate key elements of a fair procedure for dismissing a judge due to illness, which makes it impossible to perform professional functions. A vision on the list of diseases that may be interference to effective judicial activity is developed by the authors. It is substantiated that such list of diseases should be a legal filter to judges employment and dismission. Regular medical examination and prevention of the development of occupational illnesses of a judge should become an integral part of the court's labor protection system. In the event of an accident related to performing professional functions, the judge is entitled to compensation.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kroitor, Volodymyr, Mamnitskyi, Valeriy
Заглавие : Adversarial Principle Under the New Civil Procedure in Ukraine
Место публикации : Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2019. - Iss. 4. - P.30-41
УДК : 347.91
ББК : Х629.2 + Х629.2-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): adversariality--состязательность--змагальність--equality of parties--равенство сторон--рівність сторін--principles of the civil procedure--принципы гражданского процесса--принципи цивільного процесу--competitiveness--конкурентоспособность --конкурентоспроможність--procedural activity of the court--процессуальная деятельность суда--процесуальна діяльність суду--principle of cooperation between the parties and the judge--принцип сотрудничества сторон и судьи--принцип співробітництва сторін і судді
Аннотация: This work deals with the evolution of adversarial princtple in civil process under the conditions of post-socialist regression and post-reform civil justice as well as the introduction of the principles of case management and cooperation between the court and the parties in the process. In particular, it analyses the main provisions of such new guarantees of realization of the right to a fair trial, which were introduced in the CPC of Ukraine in 2017-2018 as a court's right to prevent abuse of procedural rights, as well as the exchange of competitive documents between the parties. The authors argue that effective protection of the rights today is to be based on the adversarial principles that shall be supplemented by the security of the balance of rights of the parties and the authority of the court on the examination of civil matters.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Mykhaylo
Заглавие : Counteraction to miscarriage of justice in Ukraine
Место публикации : Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2019. - Issue: 2. - P.96-105
УДК : 343.1 + 343.11
ББК : Х893.8
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): counteraction--противодействие--протидія--measures--меры--заходи--miscarriage of justice--судебная ошибка --судова помилка--influence of justice--влияние правосудия --вплив правосуддя--crime against justice--преступление против правосудия--злочин проти правосуддя--illegal verdict--незаконный приговор--незаконний вирок--judge--судья--суддя--fair trial--справедливое судебное разбирательство --справедливий судовий розгляд--court--суд
Аннотация: Investigation of crimes against justice in Ukraine is among topical problems of miscarriage of justice. Hundreds of criminal cases are recorded as a crime in the Official Register in Ukraine but only a few have been brought to the court. In this article we try to approach this problem in three ways: from the point of view of criminal law, criminal procedure and criminalistic measures of counteraction to miscarriage of justice. Such an approach helps to demonstrate problems of investigator, prosecutor and judge at different stages of criminal proceeding. Special attention is paid to specific regulation of the issues of criminal proceedings against a certain category of persons, including judges. Mistakes of representatives of law enforcement bodies become visible as a result of analyzing of real criminal cases. Such an analysis is aimed to disclose the problem of counteraction to miscarriage of justice in Ukraine.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kaplina, Oksana, Sharenko, Svitlana
Заглавие : Access to justice in ukrainian criminal proceedings during the COVID-19 outbreak
Место публикации : Access to justice in eastern europe. - 2020. - Issue: 2-3. Special Issue: SI. - P.115-133
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): justice in the context of the covid-19 pandemic--правосудие в условиях пандемии covid-19--правосуддя в умовах пандемії covid-19--access to justice in the context of the covid-19 pandemic--доступ к правосудию в контексте пандемии covid-19--доступ до правосуддя в контексті пандемії covid-19--judicial control over the protection of rights--судебный контроль за защитой прав--судовий контроль за захистом прав--freedoms and legitimate interests of persons in criminal proceedings--свободы и законные интересы лиц в уголовном процессе--свободи і законні інтереси осіб в кримінальному процесі--the investigating judge--следственный судья--слідчий суддя--reasonable terms of criminal proceedings--разумные сроки уголовного производства --розумні терміни кримінального провадження--publicity and openness of court proceedings--гласность и гласность судебного разбирательства--гласність і гласність судового розгляду--trial by videoconference--испытание по видеоконференции--випробування по відеоконференції
Аннотация: This article examines relevant issues of criminal proceedings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have focused their efforts on protecting democratic values and ensuring not only the rights and legitimate interests of their people, but also their lives and health. At the same time, the pandemic has affected not only the economies of countries, but also their democratic development and fundamental rights, which have always been a priority of any democratic society. Courts and law enforcement authorities have faced challenges that have been and still are adequately addressed in order to ensure that the rights and legitimate interests of those seeking judicial protection are respected. Each state independently assessed the degree of risks and the extent of permissible restrictions on the rights and freedoms of persons involved in the proceedings, so the present study analyses the different approaches that have been applied. At the same time, documents of the Council of Europe for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) have gained high importance, because they, among others, have developed tools for Council of Europe member states to address the problems of ensuring access to justice in the pandemic. The generalization and widespread discussion of such experiences is important, because it will be useful for states to further improve existing legislation, taking into account best practices. Based on a study of changes introduced in the Ukrainian legislation to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease, conclusions are proposed about the nature and extent of the restrictions, as well as the principles on which they should be based and the guarantees to be provided. Recommendations that will contribute to improving the regulation of access to justice in criminal matters in a pandemic are also proposed.
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Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ovcharenko, Olena, Podorozhna, Tetiana
Заглавие : Judge lustration in Ukraine: national insights and european implications
Место публикации : Access to justice in Eastern Europe. - 2020. - Issue: 4. - P.226-245
УДК : 342.56 + 343.11
ББК : Х629.01
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ukraine--украина--україна--lustration--люстрация--люстрація--judges--судьи--судді--judicial independence--судебная независимость--судова незалежність--judicial reform--судебная реформа--судова реформа
Аннотация: This article primarily focuses on the Ukrainian judge lustration, analysed from diverse aspects. Ukraine's legal lustration framework engenders two legal acts- the Law On Restoring Trust into Judicial Power in Ukraine (2014) and the law On Purification of Government (2014). Social feedback on adopting these Laws, their key objectives, provided instruments and efficiency issues are discussed. This research particularly scrutinises the fundamental European lustration standards, referencing a few European countries' experiences: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland. Deep insight into national lustration procedures is given, considering the European Court of Human Rights' relevant rulings and the Ukrainian Constitution's provisions. Remarks on whether all lustration laws comply with the Ukrainian Constitution are offered. Addressing the High Council of Justice's precedents, a judicial body entitled to verify the judges' lustration results, an in-depth empirical analysis of those procedural results are provided. Overall, Ukrainian lustration embodies a unique phenomenon due to strong social demand formalized in specially designed regulation.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rudenko M., Malinovska, Iryna, Kravtsov, Serhij
Заглавие : Justice for judges in Ukraine: Looking for peace and strong judiciary institutions in a sustainable society
Место публикации : European Journal of Sustainable Development. - 2021. - Vol. 10, Iss. 1. - P.339-348
УДК : 347.97/.99
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): судова система--судовий устрій--судова реформа--люстрація судді--судебная система--судебное устройство--судебная реформа--люстрация судей--courts’ reform--judiciary--lustration of judges
Аннотация: Regarding the judiciary, the purification and lustration initiatives had been alleged as a beginning of a new stage of radical reformation, appreciated by European institutions. Therefore, in this article we will provide a detailed picture of the lustration of judges in Ukraine from the angle of its procedural guarantees as well as its legal nature; a special focus will be given to issues of efficiency of lustration restrictions, provided by the national legislation as well as its compliance within the European guidelines and Ukrainian Constitution. Lustration of judges will be analyzed regarding ordinary sanctions, enforced upon judges in case of committing disciplinary offences. © 2021, European Center of Sustainable Development. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Petryshyn, Alexander Vitalievich, Petryshyn, Oleg Alexandrovich, Hyliaka, Oleg Sergeevich
Заглавие : The problem of non-implementation of judgements of the European court of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the rule of law (Methodological and comparanive aspects)
Параллельн. заглавия :Проблема невиконання рішень Європейського суду з прав людини в Україні в контексті верховенства права (методологічний та порівняльний аспекти)
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p.17-24
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): basic human rights--democracy--echr--ecthr--judicial enforcement--основні права людини--демократія--єспл--судове забезпечення
Аннотация: The article is devoted to the problem of non-implementation of the decisions of the ECtHR in Ukraine in the context of the rule of law. The relevance of the subject matter is substantiated by the critical situation regarding Ukraine's compliance with its international obligations. The objective of the study is to develop a set of principles and policies to be implemented in Ukraine to strengthen the rule of law (as a fundamental democratic institute), as an essential factor for ensuring human rights in the context of re-establishing a proper international cooperation with the key European institution in the field of human rights. According to the analysis of the degree of coverage of the issue, the existing papers on the mentioned problem are rather described by point-by-point recommendations aimed at “damage control”, rather than at an in-depth resolution of the situation. The methodological basis of the research consists of the complex of general and special research methods, while philosophical methods were used to ensure the understanding of the essence, characteristics, and features of the phenomena under study. The research resulted in the development of a set of theses that demonstrate the depth of the problem under study that manifests through untimely and inconsistent normative-legal regulation, lack of tangible means of protection of human rights in Ukraine, inappropriate approach to the adoption and execution of international obligations. The authors argue in favour of the need to ensure three key aspects of the implementation of the rule of law – guaranteeing consistency of state policies and actions of officials; the formation of a stable system of administrative management; accountability, and responsibility of decision-makers. The practical relevance of the study is manifested through a set of recommendations, including the creation of a system to assess the effectiveness of reforms in terms of the rule of law; the formation of a mechanism for implementing the responsibility of decision-makers; the revision of procedures for the adoption of legal acts; the need to restart and complete the reform of the justice system, to involve NGOs in the processes of forming such; to create rules of cooperation between the state and the elites.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Khotynska-Nor, Oksana Z., Moskvych, Lidiia
Заглавие : Limits of a judge’s freedom of expressing his/her own opinion: The Ukrainian context and ecthr practice
Место публикации : Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p.170-180
ББК : Х629.01
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): authority of a judiciary--ethics of a judge
Аннотация: This paper examines the degree of permissible interference with a judge’s freedom of expressing his/her own opinion and convictions. A question is raised about the limits of a judge’s freedom of expression and discretion of the state in establishing his/her communicative behaviour, taking into account the established practice of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter ECtHR, the Court). Understanding these limits is important not only for individual judges but also for society as a whole, as restrictions on freedom of expression may affect the state’s perception of the rule of law. Systematic analysis of the key documents that regulate the issue of freedom of expression of a judge in Ukraine allows us to identify several spheres of imperative regulation of a judge’s behaviour in the context of communicative activity: during the administration of justice (in court procedure); in public speeches, particularly in the media; during the implementation of other activities not prohibited for the judge – literary, scientific, educational; during Internet communication; in everyday life. ECtHR case-law in the context of assessing the limits of a judge’s freedom of expressing one’s opinion develops in two directions. In the first, the judge’s freedom is considered in the context of Art. 10 (freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, freedom of expression, and freedom of assembly and association) of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter ECHR, the Convention). In the second, the right to freedom of expression is limited to the right to a fair trial of others (in the context of impartiality and independence of a court within the meaning of Art. 6 of the ECHR). In general, the matter of judicial evaluation was the statements of judges concerning cases that were in their proceedings; those criticising judicial reform measures and other administrative actions; those which criticised their colleagues. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that, despite the different preconditions, different circumstances, and varying implementation reflections, the freedom of a judge to express his/ her opinion is limited by his/her special status as a state servant (in a broad sense). Where the boundary is in a particular case should be determined by considering the specific circumstances. However, national law enforcement authorities must develop their own criteria for assessing the balance of public and private interests in a judge’s communicative behaviour.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shevchuk, Oleksandr, Lysodyed, Oleksandr, Matuykhina, Nataliya, Babaieva, Oleksandra, Davydenko, Svitlana
Заглавие : Conflict of interest in the activities of judges in Ukraine and the European Union: a comparative legal study
Место публикации : Juridical Tribune - Tribuna Juridica. - 2023. - Vol. 13, Iss. 2. - P.261-282
Примечания : [Автор Матюхіна Н. П. не працює з 01.09.2022 р.]
УДК : 347.97/.99(477+4-6ЄС)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): justice--правосуддя--правосудие--judiciary--судова влада--судебная власть--conflict of interest--конфлікт інтересів--конфликт интересов--public interest--суспільний інтерес--общественный интерес--private interest--приватний інтерес--частный интерес--foreign experience of eu countries--зарубіжний досвід країн єс--зарубежный опыт стран ес
Аннотация: The article examines certain problems of legal regulation of preventing conflicts of interest in the activities of judges in Ukraine, ways to resolve it, and foreign experience of individual EU countries in this area. The methodology of scientific work is based on a system of methods of general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The analysis of the concept of "conflict of interest" in the scientific literature, national and international legal documents, in the legislation of individual EU countries was carried out. The definition of "conflict of interest in the activities of judges" is proposed. It is argued that the public interest in the activities of judges is the public interest in ensuring that persons working in the judicial system exercise their powers and make decisions impartially, objectively and fairly. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the application of the system of voluntary disclosure and registration by judges of a list of private interests regarding a conflict of interest. The principles, signs, types and features of the presence or absence of a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are revealed, their content is specified. The procedure for disclosing information about a conflict of interest in the activities of judges is indicated. Two ways of resolving a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are established, their problematic issues are disclosed. The types of responsibility of judges in cases of violation of legislation on conflict of interest are determined. Separate directions for improving the legal regulation of preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the activities of judges are proposed, taking into account the positive experience of legal regulation of individual EU countries in this area.
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10.

Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Drozdov, Oleksandr, Basysta, Iryna
Заглавие : Examination of evidence at the initiative of the court of appeal in criminal proceedings
Место публикации : Social and Legal Studios. - 2023. - Vol. 6, No. 1. - P.25-32
Примечания : References : p. 30-32
УДК : 343.1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): activity of the court--proactiveness of the court--deterioration of the situation of the accused--judge’s discretion--limits of review by the appellate court--criminal proceedings--кримінальний процес--суддівський розсуд--апеляційний суд--апеляційне оскарження
Аннотация: Today, the combined chamber of the Criminal Court of Cassation as part of the Supreme Court is trying to solve the problem of the appellate court’s initiative in the examination of evidence, since the approaches of individual court chambers, namely the First and Third ones, differ. The purpose of this study was to identify those cases when the appellate authority is entitled to investigate the evidence proactively, without encroaching on the components of the principle prescribed in Article 22 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The formal-logical method helped generalize that the content and form of such a review must comply with the principles of criminal proceedings, including equality before the law and the court, as well as competition between the parties (it has been proven that their absence may indicate a violation of both constitutional and convention rights), freedom in presenting their evidence to the court and in proving their persuasiveness before the court. The results of the deductive method helped formulate the following theses: the legislator, understanding the equality of procedural rights not as their uniformity, normalizes it in the Criminal Procedural Code as equality in terms of the possibilities of exercising the granted rights; the legislator also determines such equality of rights from the functions that a certain participant in criminal proceedings is endowed with. The combination of prosecution, defence, and justice in one guise contradicts the adversarial nature of the judicial procedure. The study revealed that the passivity of the parties forces the court to choose its activity within the limits of the function of justice defined for it, and its initiative is aimed at examining the evidence to make a legal, well-founded, and fair decision. It is proved that these features of judicial proceedings are a priori inherent in the appeal review, along with its inherent features, including the determination of the amount of evidence to be examined, as well as compliance with the limits of judicial review, which are normalized by Article 404 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. It was found that the initiative of the court of appeal to examine evidence and their further investigation in this court is permissible in situations where such evidence became known after the adoption of the appealed court decision. Compliance with this rule will protect the court from possible violations of the requirements of Article 22 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, and scientific developments in this area are designed, among other things, to pave the way for the unity of judicial practice through doctrinal recommendations.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Babikov, Oleksandr, Bozhyk, Valerii, Bugera, Olena I., Kyrenko, Serhii H., Viunyk, Maksym
Заглавие : Balancing Interests: Criminal Proceedings & Private Life Interference Under Martial Law in Ukraine
Место публикации : German Law Journal. - 2024. - Published online by Cambridge University Press (Early Access): 03 April 2024
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2024.12
УДК : 343.12(477)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): anti-terrorist activity--decision--departmental control--guarantees of human and citizen rights and freedoms--interference in private communication--investigating judge--judicial control--lawyer's secret--martial law--permission to conduct undercover investigative (research) actions--public control--secret investigative (research) actions--special investigative actions--undercover forms of obtaining information--антитерористична діяльність--відомчий контроль--гарантії прав і свобод людини і громадянина--втручання в приватне життя--слідчий суддя--судовий контроль--громадський контроль--адвокатська таємниця--військовий стан--дозвіл на проведення негласних слідчих (розшукових) дій--негласні слідчі дії--спеціальні слідчі дії--негласні форми отримання інформації
Аннотация: The purpose of the Article is to analyze and compare certain aspects which define the limits of permissible interference with a person's private life in the legislation of Ukraine and other countries of the world in terms of ensuring the balance of interests of participants in criminal proceedings during covert measures to obtain information related to interference with a person’s private life. The Article uses general scientific and special research methods, in particular comparative legal, scientific categories, definitions and approaches, formal dogmatic (legal), dialectical. On the basis of the conducted research, generalized conclusions were made regarding general trends in the field of reforming the legal regulation of special measures for covertly obtaining information, and ways of their improvement. The forms and methods of departmental, judicial, and public control over the covert activities of law enforcement agencies have been determined separately, and the influence of terrorist threats and military actions on ensuring the balance of interests of participants in criminal proceedings has been investigated. According to the results of the research, ways of solving problematic issues of the regulation of criminal procedural legislation have been determined in order to ensure the balance of the interests of the participants in criminal proceedings during the organization, conduct, recording, storage, and use of the results of covert information-gathering activities. A comparative analysis of the ways of solving a number of legal regulation issues in the field of the use of informal forms of obtaining information, the determination of different approaches to the separation of departmental, judicial, and public control is being carried out for the first time and will provide a comprehensive and systematic approach to the improvement of legislation in the specified field in the conditions of martial law or during anti-terrorist activities.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pavlichenko, Iryna, Maslak, Nataliya, Gornostay, Alesia, Melikhova, Juliia, Slyusarenko, Tetyana
Заглавие : Exploring the nexus between law and morality: Ethical considerations in legal studies
Место публикации : Multidisciplinary Science Journal. - 2024. - Vol. 6. - Ст.e2024ss0734. - ISSN 26751240
Примечания : DOI: https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0734
УДК : 34.08:174 + 174:34.08
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): attorney--judge--morality--notary--professional ethics--prosecutor--повірений--суддя--моральність--нотаріус--професійна етика--прокурор--право і мораль
Аннотация: This publication aims to furnish a comprehensive examination of the ethical elements inherent in the roles of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and notaries, elucidating their influence on the content of pertinent legal statutes governing the professional status of these legal vocations. The research employed various methodologies, encompassing the analytical method, the synthetic method, the method of scientific generalization, the method of interpreting legal norms, and the formal-logical method. The examination of legal understanding from a moral and ethical perspective involves the scrutiny of two principal concepts: the concept of natural law and the concept of legal positivism. This analytical framework enables the author to assert that a hallmark of progressive law-making lies in the adherence to not only the tenets of natural human rights but also moral and ethical principles during the formulation of legislative acts. In the context of the role and significance of ethics in the professional conduct of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and notaries, the author undertakes an analysis of pertinent Ukrainian laws. It is asserted that within each of the examined legal enactments, ethical requirements assume a predominant role in the regulation of the legal status of practitioners in the specified legal professions. For instance, the non-violation of rules of professional ethics is delineated as a fundamental duty for specific categories of legal practitioners, with breaches serving as grounds not only for disciplinary consequences but also for the termination of the authority. Building upon the aforementioned observations, it is affirmed that the ethical dimensions of jurisprudence hold significance within contemporary legal discourse across three dimensions: adherence to moral and ethical principles in the crafting of legislative instruments; avoidance of breaches against ethical principles in the course of judicial, prosecutorial, attorney-at-law, and notarial activities; and the imperative that moral and ethical requirements remain inviolate during the preparation of legally consequential documents.
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