Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A., Konovalova, Violetta E., Avdeyeva, Galina K.
Заглавие : Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.252-261
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): access to justice--appealing the expert opinion--knowledgeable persons--objectivity of the expert opinion--reviewing the expert opinion--validity of the expert opinion--доступ к правосудию--заключение эксперта--объективные факторы--пересмотр заключения эксперта--доступ до правосуддя--висновок експерта--об'єктивні ознаки--перегляд висновку експерта
Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.
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2.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Forensic diagnostics: Concept, meaning, and scope of implementation
Параллельн. заглавия :Криміналістична діагностика: поняття, значення та сфера реалізації
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.187-194
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): attributes--definition--difference--properties--forensics--forensic analysis--forensic methodology--terminology--криміналістика--криміналістичний аналіз--криміналістичне прогнозування--методологія криміналістики--термінологія--криминалистика--криминалистический анализ--методология криминалистики--терминология
Аннотация: The current stage of development of forensics is described by an active search for the latest cognitive methods and tools, which fully include forensic diagnostics. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to form a modern terminology of the forensic science, further development of the scientific concept of forensic diagnostics, and prospects for creating an appropriate forensic teaching. The purpose of the study is to analyse modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of forensic diagnostics, its features, structure, integrative functions, and differences from other paired forensic categories. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and special research methods as dialectical, historical, Aristotelian, system-structural, sociological, statistical, the method of legal forecasting and modelling, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the term «forensic diagnostics» should be considered in practical and theoretical terms. In practical terms, forensic diagnostics is a method of recognising the state of objects, cognition of phenomena and processes related to the circumstances of the crime event, determined by the latter. This is a kind of tool at the disposal of an expert, investigator, detective, judge to know the object (event, phenomenon) by its reflection. In the theoretical sense, forensic diagnostics is considered as a separate forensic teaching, which constitutes a system of theoretical provisions on the regularities of recognising objects (situations) by their features and properties, based on the analysis of changes that occurred in them under the influence of the circumstances of the crime event and its participants, in order to carry out evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the theoretical basis of forensic diagnostics comprises information on the patterns of occurrence of diagnosed objects, data on typical models of event reflection (action, behaviour). It is noted that forensic diagnostics as a separate forensic teaching (theory) is at the stage of its development, constantly increasing its scientific potential and expanding the scope of practical implementation. Further development of the theory and practice of diagnostic research involves systematisation and classification of diagnostic features and sets of features of objects, events, phenomena in accordance with the solution of diagnostic problems, classification of typical situations, development of methods and techniques of diagnostic research.
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3.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Criminalistics’ language: Concept-terminological apparatus formation
Параллельн. заглавия :Мова криміналістики: формування понятійно-термінологічного апарату
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P.162-176
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): conceptual-terminological apparatus--language innovations--criteria of language development--symbols--теорія криміналістики--понятійний апарат--юридична термінологія--теория криминалистики--юридическая терминология
Аннотация: Any theory assumes the presence of its terminological apparatus - a language that is created to solve specific scientific problems and is designed to describe the relevant subject area; in criminalistics, it also serves as an effective means of thinking, should be highly specialised to reproduce the uniqueness of the subject of study, which actualises the study in this direction. Scientific approaches to the formation of the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus, through which this science describes its subject of study, were considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of its language as a system of general and individual concepts, which are reflected in certain terms, signs. It was stated that the criminalistics’ language is a complex, multilevel, holistic system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, signs, symbols. Attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of criminalistics there is a continuous improvement of its language, clarification of definitions, enrichment of the terminological dictionary (thesaurus). It was noted that the current state of development of criminalistics, the formation of promising doctrines (theories) necessitated the introduction into its scientific apparatus of a large number of new concepts, terms, signs, through the use of various linguistic approaches, terminological elements, lexical units. The innovations concern not only the general theory of criminalistics, but also its main sections - techniques, tactics and methods. In this case, the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus must develop under certain criteria and conditions defined in both special and forensic literature. The rejection of traditional approaches to the definition of certain forensic concepts, the desire for innovation and unification always require special care and comprehensive justification.
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4.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Crime mechanism as a category of criminalistics
Параллельн. заглавия :Механізм злочину як категорія криміналістики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 3. - P.142-154
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): subject--victim--situation--method--weapon--means--vestiges of crime--criminal activity--subject of criminal encroachment--суб'єкт злочину--сліди злочину--жертва злочину--жертва преступления--злочинна діяльність--предмет злочинного посягання--субъект преступления--преступная деятельность--предмет преступного посягательства
Аннотация: The current stage of criminalistics’ development is characterized by the active formation of its general theory, the definition of the object-matter area of research in this field of knowledge. The relevance of the issues studied in the paper is due to the need of a modern scientific concept of the matter of criminalistics development, identifying the range of patterns studied. The paper is aimed at analysing modern scientific approaches to understanding the crime mechanism as a structural element of the matter of criminalistics science. To achieve this goal, general and special research methods such as dialectical, historical, formal-logical, system-structural, legal forecasting, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the crime mechanism as a holistic system of circumstances, processes, factors that determine the emergence of material and other information carriers about the crime event itself, its participants, provides the opportunity to put forward working investigative versions, investigation planning, targeted search for the consequences of the crime, offender’s identification, victim’s identification, contributes to the criminal legal qualification of the offense, and therefore undoubtedly acts as an object of criminalistics’ cognition. It is emphasized that the crime mechanism only determines the occurrence of traces (material and ideal), and therefore traces as consequences and as a result of the reflective process go beyond its internal structure (building). Therefore, the process of reflecting the crime mechanism in the environment, and hence the emergence of information about a crime and its participants should be considered as a separate aspect of the matter of criminalistics. It is noted that the criminalistics teaching on the crime mechanism studies the nature, essence and content of the functional side of criminal activity, patterns of interaction of participants of a criminal event with each other and with the surrounding material situation (environment), as well as patterns that determine the sources of criminalistics’ significant information on the crime itself and its participants. The process of direct formation of material and ideal traces, the patterns of reflection of the necessary information in them should be studied by another separate criminalistics teaching on the mechanism of trace formation. Attention is paid to the fact that the crime mechanism has connections with other categories of criminalistics and, above all, with the crimes’ criminalistics characteristics. It is stated that crimes’ criminalistics characteristics is a scientific abstract category, which reflects the qualitative and quantitative information of retrospective orientation as a result of cognition of the mechanism of certain types of crimes, i.e. that the crime mechanism is a reflected object, and criminalistics characteristics is a form of its reflection.
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5.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yarotskiy, Vitaly L., Dreval, Yuriy D., Zaika, Svitlana O.
Заглавие : System signs of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the republic of poland
Параллельн. заглавия :Системні ознаки нормативно-правового регулювання охорони праці у Республіці Польща
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.238-247
УДК : 349.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): collective agreement--labour law--labour safety and hygiene--republic of poland--social protection--statutory bases--коллективный договор--трудовое право--безопасность и гигиена труда--республика польша--социальная защита--уставные основы--колективний договір--трудове право--безпека праці та гігієна--республіка польща--соціальний захист--нормативні підстави
Аннотация: The study analyses the question of the essence and structure of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland. The relevance of the subject under study is primarily explained by the fact that in Poland, against the background of undoubted economic success, there is an intensive process of improving the legal and organisational foundations of the corresponding range of social and labour relations. The study of this issue is of paramount importance for those countries that had approximately the same “starting conditions” with Poland – the recurrence of state socialism, which devalued the principles of a market economy and the possibility of full protection of working people. The purpose of this study is to present and substantiate the systemic features of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland in difficult present-day conditions. The study is based on understanding the methodology as a complex integrated system of perception of reality and scientific cognition, and conducted based on the necessary scope of methods, namely: method of system analysis, historical legal method, structural-functional method, comparison method, special comparative legal method, and cross-temporal analysis. The authors of the present paper noted that the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland has all the features of systemic nature. Most importantly, this is explained by the harmonious correlation of two components: purely statutory and legal support of the corresponding share of social and labour relations. Notably, the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety is undergoing continuous improvement depending on current challenges and threats. For countries that have been united with Poland in the recent past in the form of state socialism, the experience of establishing the work of tripartite participants in social dialogue (government agencies, employers' and workers' representatives) is also important. The scientific value of the present paper primarily lies in the necessity and feasibility of analysing the systemic features of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety. In this case, it is important to use both the method of system analysis and a clear distinction between the concepts “system research” and “research of systems” (the latter in this case appears both as a system of legal regulation of occupational health and safety and as a complex set of public authorities and other organisations involved in the important task of ensuring due occupational health and safety).
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6.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х627/Y29
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg, Sliusar A. M., Sereda, Olena, Zakrynytska V. O.
Заглавие : Legal relation: The issues of delineation (on the basis of the civil law of Ukraine)
Место публикации : Asia Life Sciences. - 2019. - Iss. 2. - p.719-734
ББК : Х627 + Х623
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): civil law contract--civil legal relations--decisional law--employment contract--labor legal relations--legal relations--гражданско-правовой договор--гражданско-правовые отношения--законодательное решение--договор подряда--трудовые правоотношения--правовые отношения--цивільно-правовий договір--цивільно-правові відносини--правові відносини--договір підряду--законодавче рішення
Аннотация: Civil relations are one of the fundamental topics of the civil law being the subject of the research attention of civil law scientists for many decades, both in Ukraine and abroad. Modern tendencies of social and economic transformations of the society, shifts in value and globalization challenges made topical the issue of delineation of civil and labor legal relations arguing the necessity in comparative analysis of their essence and content, definition of further perspective of interaction of civil and labor law branches. In the process of the study, the essence and content of civil relation have been revealed; the problem of replacement of labor relations with civil law, as well as the established judicial practice in this area on the territory of Ukraine has been analysed; risks and perspective of delineation of civil and labor relations have been determined; generalized author principles to delineate relations under the investigation have been proposed; the necessity to use the conceptual and categorical framework of a specific law branch regulating certain legal relations as a guarantee of a business entity against the claims of the controlling authorities has been substantiated.
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7.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Tomashevski, Kirill L.
Заглавие : The impact of COVID-19 on labour and social security relations: Rule-making experience of Belarus and Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Вплив COVID-19 на трудові і соціально-забезпечувальні відносини: нормотворчий досвід Білорусі та України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.211-221
УДК : 349.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): covid-19--labour law--labour relations--remote work--social security--transfers--пандемия--трудовое право--трудовые правоотношения--удаленная работа--дистанционная работа--трансфер--пандемія--трудове право--трудові правовідносини--віддалена робота--дистанційна робота
Аннотация: The article presents a brief analysis of the situation in Belarus and Ukraine with the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 and measures taken by employers to optimise labour and social security relations during 2020. A brief overview of the decisions taken by Presidents, Parliaments, Governments and Ministry of Healthcare of both countries aimed at containment of coronavirus infection is presented. The latest changes in the Labour Code of Belarus and Labour Code of Ukraine, which regulated remote work since 2020, were touched upon. Attention is paid to the concept of self-isolation under the legislation of Belarus and Ukraine, restrictive measures that must be observed when self-isolating citizens in connection with COVID-19 infection, as well as level 1st and 2nd contacts. The authors analyse the new legislative provisions governing home and remote work, introduced into the labour legislation in Belarus in 2020, in Ukraine in 2020 and 2021. The article presents the specific experience of Belarus, where the presidential decree extended the rights of employers to temporarily transfer employees without their consent, as well as to change essential working conditions, and without making changes to the Labour Code. The authors give an assessment of such legislative innovations. The article deals with some issues of social support for employees who find themselves in a situation of downtime due to the suspension of the activities of organisations that are idle, as well as self-isolation. At the end of the article, some suggestions and recommendations are made for further adaptation of labour and social security legislation in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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8.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Sliusar, Andrey M., Zhygalkin, Ivan P., Yakovleva, Galina O.
Заглавие : Quality evaluation for recommendations of the antitrust regulator in the development of the legal system of Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка якості рекомендацій антимонопольного регулятора в умовах розвитку правової системи України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.147-156
УДК : 340
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): security--development--entrepreneurship--formation--антимонопольне регулювання--правова система україни--конкуренція--антимонопольное регулирование--правовая система украины--конкуренция
Аннотация: he formation of a competitive system in a country’s economy is always determined by the possibilities of using tools that stimulate development and form an independent picture for the external environment. In this regard, the study determines the efficiency of antimonopoly regulatory authorities in establishing the criteria and limits of regulation. At the same time, there are cases when antitrust regulation is understood primarily as a form of economic pressure on business entities. The novelty of the study lies in a new consideration of the limits of antitrust regulation. The authors demonstrate that antitrust regulation in its current capacity constitutes a form of limiting the growth of the company and is aimed primarily at reducing the dependence of the market on one stakeholder. The paper identifies the possibilities of additional consideration of the criteria for limiting antitrust regulation in the context of the formation of economic security of a business entity. The paper covers the aspects of determining the limits of state support of economic security of business entities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need for a more practical harmonization of the legislation of the country with global business standards and a decrease in the level of regulation of the business environment, coupled with its protection from hostile takeovers. The study presents the structure of economic security assurance in the context of the economic system development. © 2021, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
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9.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х623.213.13/Y29
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko O. M., Moskalenko O. V., Velychko L. Y., Kovrygin V. S.
Заглавие : Property civil law liability and material liability of employees for damage caused to an employer: On the basis of civil law of Ukraine
Место публикации : Asia Life Sciences. - 2019. - Iss. 2. - p.735-748
ББК : Х623.213.13 + Х627.513.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): criteria--damage--european union--material liability--professional liability--property civil law liability--prosecution--критерии--повреждение--европейский союз--материальная ответственность--преследование--критерії--пошкодження--європейський союз--матеріальна відповідальність
Аннотация: In modern transformational Europe-oriented conditions of Ukraine development, the peculiarities of property civil law liability and material liability according to labor law as well as comprehensive comparative analysis are very topical in connection with the lack of a one unified approach to this issue, both among representatives of the doctrine and practices. The authors of this article conducted study involving: (1) the notion, content and features of property civil law liability of properties in corresponding legal relations have been analysed; (2) the authors’ definition of the notion “property civil law liability” has been proposed; (3) criteria of delineation between property civil law liability and material liability in labor relations have been disclosed and unified; (4) the characteristics of case law in the field of bringing to property civil liability have been analyzed, the substitution of labor civil liability, as well as prosecution without guilt have been emphasised; (5) a discussion position regarding the existence of professional responsibility as a form of civil liability has been considered, and (6) the necessity of specifying nature and characteristics of property civil liability, as well as the circumstances of exemption from it, at the legislative level, with subsequent detailing in the case-law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine state has been substantiated.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х623.15/V28
Автор(ы) : Vapniarchuk V. V., Puchkovska, Iryna, Tavolzhanskyi, Oleksii, Tashian, Roman
Заглавие : Protection of ownership right in the court: The essence and particularities
Место публикации : Asia Life Sciences. - 2019. - Iss. 2. - p.863-879
ББК : Х623.15
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): civil claim in criminal proceeding--functions of ownership right protection--ownership right protection--restriction on ownership right--гражданская претензия в уголовном производстве--функции защиты права собственности--защита права собственности--ограничение на право собственности--громадянська претензія у кримінальному судочинстві--функції захиста права власності--захист права власності
Аннотация: Today, ownership right is not only one of the main categories of legal and economic science but also the basis for the existence of the state and the private sector. The right to inviolability of private property is an inalienable right, the recognition of which indicates the level of democracy and the development of human and civil rights in the territory of a certain state. The particularities of this right and its essence taken together are recognized in the realities of today as a broad, multi-faceted and complex problem that requires its actualized development from both theoretical and practical law enforcement positions. In the context of European integration, qualitative restoration of the domestic legal system, as well as at the stage of initial reformation of Ukraine, for representatives of the doctrine and practitioners, the following issue appears to be more relevant: proper ensuring and improvement of the mechanism of ownership right protection. Besides, law enforcement practice, the variability of which is still not generalized, is considered to be an important factor in the modern updated perception of the essence of the ownership right protection. However, the introduction of so-called “model decisions” of the Supreme Court, use of the case law practice of the European Court of Human Rights by national courts and the particularities of modern legal relations in the field of ownership correct the legislative basis and the mechanism of enforcement of this right, given globalization processes and the challenges of our time. According to the results of the analysis of doctrinal approaches, legal regulation and law enforcement practice in the field under research in the publication: (1) modern essential content of the concepts “ownership right” and “ownership right protection” was revealed; (2) the tendencies of ownership right protection were analyzed; (3) particularities, admissibility and expediency of the civil claim in criminal proceeding were defined; (4) debating scientific positions on the justified restriction on the ownership right were investigated; (5) it is proposed to define the ways of protection of ownership right by the court as the statutory measures by which the court implements the protection of the violated, contested, subjective and unrecognized ownership right, freedom or interest by implementing the function of civil law in the sphere of protection, and (6) it is substantiated that with the appeal of the owner for the protection of his right, the main functions of civil law became more active (restoration, compensation, prevention) which are the key to the effective implementation of protection.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tyshchenko, Olga I. , Titko, Ivan A.
Заглавие : Features of application of precautionary measures for persons suffering from mental disorders: National dimension
Параллельн. заглавия :Особливості застосування запобіжних заходів щодо осіб, які страждають на психічні розлади: національний вимір
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P.147-161
УДК : 343.13
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальний процес--уголовный процесс--принудительная медицинская помощь--психиатрическая помощь--примусові заходи медичного характеру--принудительные меры медицинского характера--compulsory psychiatric care--criminal proceedings--echr practice
Аннотация: The paper investigates topical issues of application of precautionary measures against persons subject to criminal proceedings for the application of compulsory psychiatric care in the context of international standards and interpretative practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the specific features of applying precautionary measures to a person suffering from a mental disorder based on the materials of generalization of domestic law enforcement practice in criminal proceedings regarding the application of compulsory psychiatric care. Research methods are selected with consideration of the purpose, objectives, and subject of research. General scientific and special methods of scientific cognition (dialectical, statistical, comparative law, analysis, synthesis, generalization) were used in the work. The integrated use of these methods has contributed to an objective and comprehensive scientific study. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and judicial practice, the specific features of application of preventive measures in criminal proceedings regarding compulsory psychiatric care are singled out, namely: a) they are applied to a person suffering from a mental disorder; b) are selected only in criminal proceedings concerning the application of compulsory psychiatric care; c) have a specific purpose conditioned by the presence of a mental disorder from which the person suffers. The specifics of the applying the measures envisaged by Art. 508 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the CPC) allowed to question the legitimacy of the legislative approach as to their allocation to the institution of precautionary measures in criminal proceedings. In particular, it was concluded that in contrast to the general purpose of application of precautionary measures stipulated by Art. 177 of the CPC (concerning the suspect, the accused, the condemned), for the purpose of applying precautionary measures envisaged by Art. 508 of the CPC (concerning a person in respect of whom the application of compulsory psychiatric care is stipulated) are: 1) prevention of risks of their possible illegal behaviour; 2) provision of qualified psychiatric care to them; 3) ensuring the person’s safety and the safety of others. In this regard, it should be noted that the position of the domestic legislator on the possibility of applying precautionary measures to persons suffering from mental disorders is subject to reasonable criticism of the legal community. The main argument in this debatable issue is that these persons cannot be subjects to which precautionary measures are applied, as the latter, according to the general rules, can be applied to clearly defined subjects of criminal proceedings - suspects, accused, and convicts.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tatsii, Vasyl Ya., Bilousov, Yevhen M., Kosinova, Daryna S.
Заглавие : Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (Interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support
Параллельн. заглавия :Економічний суверенітет та економічна безпека України (взаємозв’язок та взаєморозуміння) в контексті їх доктринального та правового забезпечення
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.209-223
УДК : 351.863:371.214.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): economic security--economic sovereignty--national interests--national security systems--state sovereignty--економічна безпека--економічний суверенітет--національні інтереси--національна безпека--державний суверенітет--экономическая безопасность--экономический суверенитет--национальные интересы--национальная безопасность--государственный суверенитет
Аннотация: The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security.Метою цієї статті є звернення до актуальних проблем доктринального і правового забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з актуалізацією питань щодо співвідношення понять «економічна безпека» та «економічний суверенітет» у їх взаємозв’язку та взаєморозумінні. В роботі авторами приділено увагу аналізу існуючих у національних правових доктринах окремих держав світу наукових підходів до визначення поняття «економічний суверенітет», з’ясовано його основні ознаки, проаналізовано наукові підходи вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників щодо визначення поняття «економічна безпека» та на підставі цього наведено власне бачення інструментального наповнення цих дефініцій. Аргументовано, що поняття «економічний суверенітет» є первинним стосовно поняття «економічна безпека». У статті досліджено національні системи (моделі) забезпечення економічної безпеки держави, серед яких, зокрема, американська, японська, китайська, моделі інституційних утворень (зокрема, ЄС), моделі, характерні для держав з перехідною економікою. Авторами встановлено, що для України характерною є система (модель) економічної безпеки держав з перехідною економікою, яка вирізняється фрагментарністю та непослідовністю її побудови, що в кінцевому результаті впливає на стан забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в цілому. З’ясовано, що основною метою України на даному етапі її розвитку в контексті побудови національної моделі забезпечення економічної безпеки є створення ефективної системи засобів подолання або мінімізації наявних чи потенційних загроз, особливо в умовах глобалізації торговельно-економічних відносин. В роботі наголошується на необхідності запозичення позитивного зарубіжного досвіду правового забезпечення відносин із створення та запровадження національних систем забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з метою поступового перетворення України на вагомого учасника процесів забезпечення міжнародної економічної безпеки.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shylo, Olha H., Hlynska N. V.
Заглавие : Legal means of procuring the unity application of the criminal procedure law
Параллельн. заглавия :Правові засоби забезпечення єдності застосування кримінального процесуального закону
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.156-169
УДК : 343.1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальний процес--кримінальний закон--судова практика (практика судів)--єдність судової практики--уголовный процесс--судебная практика (практика судов)--единство судебной практики--judicial practice--uniformity of judicial practice--quality of criminal procedural law--judicial discretion
Аннотация: Ensuring the unity of judicial practice is the implementation of the legal certainty principle, which is considered as the part of the rule of law, ensures the predictability of court decisions. At the theoretical level, the issues of the unity of judicial practice are mostly the subject of research in the context of judicial reform and the judiciary, but comprehensive research on this issue in the field of modern criminal justice is almost absent. The purpose of the study is to establish a system of legal means to ensure the unity of judicial practice. The methodological basis of the study was based on general and special methods, namely: dialectical, systematic, formal-legal and logical methods. The authors provide a brief overview of the theoretical provisions that determine the socio-legal value of the unity of law enforcement practice. The concept of “unity of judicial practice” in the field of criminal proceedings is analyzed and it was emphasized the usage of the approach of understanding the unity of judicial practice as a synonym of equal (adjustment) application of procedural and material norms in homogeneous categories of court decisions, which are adopted in the course of criminal proceedings. It is established that the limit of permitted differences in the application of the law is quite flexible and informal. It is established that the quality of the law cannot be assessed in isolation from the practice of its application. The authors also emphasize the instrumental role of judicial practice in the general mechanism of ensuring uniformity of law enforcement. A position was expressed on the role of explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court in the general mechanism of ensuring the unity of judicial practice. It is established that the system of legal means to ensure the unity of application of the law in the field of criminal proceedings consists of a set of interrelated elements. The results of the study can be used in further scientific development of the problem of ensuring the unity of judicial practice, scientific substantiation of proposals aimed to improve the current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the issues that have become the subject of this research.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shylo O. H., Hlynska N. V.
Заглавие : The role of the Supreme Court in the mechanism of ensuring the sustainability and unity of judicial practice: some aspects
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль Верховного Суду в механізмі забезпечення сталості та єдності судової практики: окремі аспекти
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 3. - P.128-141
УДК : 343.15:347.991
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): уголовный процесс--кримінальний процес--верховний суд україни--верховный суд украины--правова позиція--правовая позиция--касаційний кримінальний суд--criminal court of cassation--sustainability and unity of judicial practice
Аннотация: One of the means of ensuring the stability and unity of judicial practice is the decision of the Supreme Court, which deviates from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations. The current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine clearly regulates the procedure for such a derogation, which is generally in line with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international recommendations in this area. However, this procedure has immanent significant features that require scientific analysis of the current procedural form in this segment with regard to its adequacy to the needs of ensuring the right of everyone to a fair trial and society’s expectations for reasonable predictability of court decisions. In view of this, within the framework of this study, the categories “unity” and “sustainability” of judicial practice as a subject of provision by the Supreme Court was carried out. To achieve this purpose, the authors used a set of modern general and special legal methods. The study considers the procedural order for the Supreme Court to deviate from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations; the legal nature of the issue of the hierarchy of legal positions of the Supreme Court is analysed. It is established that the key idea embodied by the legislator in the statutory model of the procedure for deviating from the opinion on the application of the rule of law is that the possibility of such a deviation from the opinion, depending on the composition of the court in which it was adopted and determines the “higher degree of significance” of such a conclusion and its application in further judicial practice. These areas were studied with the consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Council of European Judges, as well as the relevant practice of the Supreme Court.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shulga, Mykhaylo V., Korniyenko, Ganna S., Yakoviyk, Ivan V.
Заглавие : Legal support for the activities of agricultural transnational corporations in Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Правове забезпечення діяльності аграрних транснаціональних корпорацій в Україні
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28. Iss. 2. - p.234-242
ББК : Х626
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agrarian--agribusiness--agricultural--chain--legal regulation--production--аграрний--агробізнес--сільськогосподарський--ланцюг--правове регулювання--виробництво--аграрный--агробизнес--сельскохозяйственный--звено--правовое регулирование--производство
Аннотация: Agricultural transnational corporations have always expressed interest in Ukraine as a state with a strong natural potential and good and reliable prospects for agribusiness. Under the influence of factors such as climate change, an unprecedented increase in the world's population and, as a result, a high demand for agricultural products, this interest will increase, and the role of agricultural transnational corporations will grow every year. Therefore, one of the most urgent research and practical problems that lawyers will have to solve is the definition of the key term “agricultural transnational corporations” and the identification of their features. This will allow the Ukrainian legislator to regulate complex and multidimensional relations with their participation in the agricultural sector as accurately as possible and, in particular, govern relations concerning the activities of these subjects of agricultural business, and eliminate gaps in the current legal regulation. Considering this, the purpose of this study was to attempt establishing the essence of agricultural transnational corporations as a legal phenomenon based on an in-depth analysis and to define this term, classify these corporations on certain grounds and establish the specific features of their activities. The study was conducted considering the existing legal support of these participants in agribusiness relations. Research methods included a set of philosophical, general scientific, and special legal methods. The synergetic research method was the fundamental method of understanding the legal support of agricultural transnational corporations. It was proved that an agricultural transnational corporation is a complex entity that engages in agricultural activities in two or more countries, is managed and controlled from a single centre and comprises a parent company, subsidiaries, branches, and departments. The study analysed positive and negative aspects of the activities of agricultural transnational corporations. It was established out that the following agricultural transnational corporations act in Ukraine: in the field of crop production, animal husbandry, processing, servicing agricultural producers, and with mixed activities (simultaneously engaged in both crop production and animal husbandry). It was emphasised that the agricultural chain of a transnational corporation can cover different countries.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 343.98/S53
Автор(ы) : Shevchuk, Viktor M.
Заглавие : Methodological problems of the conceptual framework development for innovation studies in forensic science
Параллельн. заглавия :Методологічні проблеми формування понятійного апарату криміналістичної інноватики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.170-183
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): протидія злочинності--криміналістика--противодействие преступности--криминалистика--crime prevention--law enforcement
Аннотация: The paper investigates the development issues associated with the conceptual framework of the innovation studies in forensic science as a new research area in forensic science. The author studies the methodological problems of developing and grouping categories and concepts of the subject matter. It is substantiated that the level of development and validity of any scientific theory, including the innovation studies in forensic science, is determined according to the degree and level of development of its theoretical and methodological principles and the framework of categories and concepts of this theory. In particular, this refers to such concepts as forensic innovation, innovative forensic product, their functions, classifications, stages of the innovation process, etc. The study analyses the scientific approaches to understanding the basic categories of the matter under consideration, which are innovative forensic product and forensic innovation. The author offers their definitions, describes essential features and properties, and analyses the correlation of these concepts. Furthermore, the author analyses the general and universal dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete and from the concrete to the abstract, including their role in the development of the conceptual framework of innovation studies in forensic science. The study notes that the methodological framework for the development and implementation of innovative forensic products and the application of forensic innovations in law enforcement also includes activity-based, system-structural, and technological approaches, the use of which is promising both in the study of basic concepts of innovation studies in forensic science and in the development of this forensic theory. The author articulates proposals and individual insights in the solution of particular debating points associated with innovations in forensic science and law enforcement practice. The study substantiates that a comprehensive approach to the development of basic concepts and categories of innovation studies in forensic science constitutes a methodological foundation for further research on this subject, which determines the promising areas for the development of forensic science.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shevchuk O. M., Mokhonchuk S. M., Lysodyed O. V., Mamonova V. V.
Заглавие : On some features of the implementation of the right to inclusive educations of human with disabilities in Ukraine
Место публикации : Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews. - 2020. - Vol. 8, Issue 2. Special issue. - P.102-108
Примечания : Припинена індексація в Scopus 26.10.2020
УДК : 364
ББК : Х621.159.8
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): human with disabilities--человек с инвалидностью--людина з інвалідністю--inclusive education--инклюзивное образование--інклюзивна освіта--legal regulation--правовое регулирование--правове регулювання--problems of legal realization--проблемы правовой реализации--проблеми правової реалізації--protection from discrimination--защита от дискриминации--захист від дискримінації--rights--права
Аннотация: Purpose: This article is devoted to the search for effective solutions to modern legal problems of the realization of human rights, including children, for inclusive education in Ukraine. Methodology: The method of integral analysis of legal regulation in the field of inclusive education in Ukraine has allowed us to consider it in development and interconnection to reveal the existing directions and patterns as a whole. The comparative method has come in handy in the study of legislation governing the right of people to inclusive education. Modeling, analysis, and synthesis methods have revealed the advantages and disadvantages of legal regulation in the field of inclusive education. Main findings: The article discusses the features of legal problems of the implementation of rights to inclusive education of humans with limited opportunities in Ukraine. Possible ways of improving the legal regulation of the implementation of human rights to inclusive education are proposed. According to the authors, one of such methods is the passing of separate legislative, legal norms regarding the development of inclusive education for children with various functional disorders, the development of inclusive education at higher educational institutions. The authors substantiate the conclusion that the human right to inclusive education at the international level is a legal human right that has great practical value for students with disabilities and should exclude any form of discrimination. Implications: This article can be used in the practical activities of lawyers, students, and teachers of law higher education, and is also recommended for review by persons with disabilities. Novelty: This study examined the problems of legal support of human rights to inclusive education in Ukraine and suggested ways to solve them. © Shevchuk et al.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Valery Yu., Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль криміналістики та судової експертизи в міжнародному співробітництві з розcлідування злочинів
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.179-186
УДК : 343.211
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): forensic expertise--expert knowledge--criminal investigation--forensic sciences--international cooperation--international criminal court--криміналістичні знання--судово-експертні знання--кримінальне розслідування--розслідування злочинів--судові науки--криминалистические знания--судебно-экспертная деятельность--судебно-экспертные знания--расследование преступлений--международный уголовный суд--міжнародна кооперація--міжнародний кримінальний суд
Аннотация: The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : To the problem of structure and classifications of criminal policy formation
Параллельн. заглавия :До проблеми формування структури та класифікацій кримінальної політики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 4. - P.282-293
УДК : 343
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальна політика--уголовная политика--криміналістичні методи--криминалистические методы--принцип законности--принцип законності--criminal executive policy--criminalistics strategy--principle of legality
Аннотация: The existence of different approaches in the understanding of criminal policy and its relationship with the political and strategic categories of sciences of the criminal law cycle return to the renewal of approaches to the formation of the structure and types of criminal policy. Given the relevance of this topic, the article is devoted to the problem of forming the structure and classifications of criminal policy. To do this, the author turned to the sciences of the criminal law cycle and their existing research on political and strategic approaches to combating criminal offences (crime). This provided an opportunity to develop their own approach to determining the elemental structure of the criminal policy, consisting of: 1) the subject, purpose, method, principles and its consumers; 2) means, environment and professional participants in its implementation. Classifications of criminal policy “vertically” and “based on criminal law classification of criminal offences according to an object” were also provided. The division of criminal policy into types allowed to indicate the relationship between criminal law, criminal executive, criminal procedural, criminological, international criminal policy and criminalistics strategy with their generic concept - criminal policy. It is also important to consider them in unity, which will form strategies, programs, plans and algorithms in combating criminal offences, achieve goals and meet the objectives of regulations. The structure of criminal policy and its classification into types provides an opportunity to consider in more detail the strategic counteraction to criminal offences by means of public and state influence on the systemic reform of criminal justice and its bodies in the long run. Establishing common approaches to understanding criminal policy among scientists in the field of criminal law provides an opportunity to form it as a science or interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary institution with an appropriate structure.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : Criminal legislation trends in Ukraine (evidence from crimes against justice)
Параллельн. заглавия :Тенденції розвитку кримінального законодавства України (на прикладі злочинів проти правосуддя)
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.131-141
УДК : 343.2/.7(477)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальне право--кримінальне законодавство--уголовное право--уголовное законодательство--злочини проти правосуддя--criminal law institution--criminal policy--legal proceedings
Аннотация: The paper investigates the development of criminal legislation of Ukraine as exemplified in crimes against justice. To this end, the author approached the study of criminal law through the analysis of its development in the globalised world and in Ukraine. In this context, it is proposed to refer to criminal legislation as globalisational and to codification - as unified. This is caused by the rapprochement of countries in the world through the implementation of conventions and other international regulations and, consequently, the harmonisation of criminal legislation. In historical retrospect, the author constructed a historical map of crimes, misdemeanours, and offences against justice inherent in the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the 11th-20th centuries (based on the stage and initial possibility of their commission). It was determined that certain trends of establishing criminal liability for commission of criminal offences in justice will affect the development of crimes against justice: 1) implementation of international regulations; 2) ensuring the protection of the activities of international courts whose jurisdiction is recognised by Ukraine; 3) establishment of a system of criminal offences against justice through their division into groups in the structure of the corresponding section (division of the section into chapters). Such groups may be: 1) criminal offences in administration of justice; 2) criminal offences in enforcement of justice; 3) criminal offences in support of enforcement of justice. The use of these approaches allowed to develop the prospects of criminal legislation on crimes and misdemeanours against justice. Emphasis is placed on the fact that criminal offences (crimes) against justice are such acts that significantly differ in the severity of the offence, their social danger, and therefore the division of these criminal offences into crimes and misdemeanours should affect the procedural features of bringing the respective perpetrators to criminal responsibility.
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