Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 504:352/L85
Автор(ы) : Loboichenko, Valentyna, Zakomorna, Kateryna, Ilinskyi, Oleksii, Leonova, Nataliia, Malko, Alexandr, Shevchenko, Roman
Заглавие : Investigation of the content of heavy metals in water sources of Kharkiv City, Ukraine
Место публикации : Current Applied Science and Technology. - 2022. - Vol. 22: Iss. 2. - P.1-14
УДК : 504:352
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): heavy metal--urban ecosystem--water objects--water quality--x-ray fluorescence analysis--важкі метали--міська екосистема--водні об’єкти--якість води--рентгенівський флуоресцентний аналіз--очищення води--екологія харкова--экология городов--тяжелые металлы--водные объекты--качество воды--экология харькова
Аннотация: The negative impact of the anthropogenic factor on water bodies, including those ones located within urban ecosystems is analyzed in this paper. The legislative support of the specific requirements for water quality in different countries is considered. The purpose of the work is to investigate the qualitative and quantitative state of water from individual sources located in an urban ecosystem and determine its suitability for the consumption. The Shatylovskу spring, the Karpovsky spring, the spring near the Nemyshlya river, located within the Kharkіv city (Ukraine), were researched. Heavy metal identification was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that all samples contained basically the same set of basic elements - strontium, copper, iron and chromium. Individual differences were associated with the presence of different amounts of tungsten, zinc, gallium, selenium, bromine, etc. in all samples. It was found that in the samples, the lead content reached 0.015 mg/dm3 (Karpovsky spring), nickel 0.007 mg/dm3 (Shatylovskу spring), and manganese 0.205 mg/dm3 (the spring near the Nemyshlya river). The copper content ranged from 0.029 to 0.154 mg/dm3, iron from 0.041 to 0.456 mg/dm3, and chromium from 0.015 to 0.065 mg/dm3. The obtained results make it possible to more efficiently manage water resources within the urban systems studied and indicate the need for additional water purification of all natural sources studied before using the water from those sources for drinking purposes.
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2.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Maksymov, Sergiy, Satokhina, Natalia I.
Заглавие : Rule of law and state of exception: The genesis of the problem
Параллельн. заглавия :Верховенство права і надзвичайний стан: ґенезис проблеми
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.47-54
УДК : 340.12
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): human rights--law and power--nature of law--state of emergency--state of exception
Аннотация: The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the concepts of the rule of law and the state of exception in the context of the question of the nature of law and its correlation with force. The relevance of the study is explained by the need to reinterpret the idea of the rule of law and its boundaries in the context of modern challenges, in particular in the context of a pandemic. The study is of an interdisciplinary nature, which lies in combining legal, philosophical legal, and historical-philosophical perspectives using methods of philosophical legal reflection, comparison, analysis and synthesis, and historical-philosophical reconstruction. The correlation between the rule of law and the state of exception was clarified in three steps. First, the fundamental idea of the rule of law was explicated, which unites its numerous interpretations: law was considered as the antithesis of the arbitrariness of the powerful. Accordingly, the rule of law turned out to be a requirement immanent to any legal system. At the same time, the internal limitation of the rule of law associated with the statutory nature of the latter was emphasised, which inevitably necessitates striking a balance between the rule of law and justice, and the radicalisation of which brings to life the idea of a state of exception. The second part of this study contains a critical analysis of the theory of the state of exception, which, in contrast to the idea of the rule of law, identifies law and force, and ultimately denies law as such, normalising lawlessness. Finally, in the third step, three approaches to the correlation between the rule of law and the state of exception were analysed: 1) the priority of the state of exception, 2) a weak version of the priority of the rule of law, and 3) a strong version of the priority of the rule of law. It was concluded that the fundamental opposition between the rule of law and the state of exception renders their consistent combination impossible, and the corresponding attempts always turn out to be a compromise not favouring the former. However, according to the authors of this study, it is necessary to recognise the limitations of the law itself, without abandoning the discourse of the rule of law and the fundamental grounds for it.
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3.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bielai, Serhii V., Kobzar, Oleksandr F., Yevtushenko, Ihor V., Korniienko, Vasyl, Koba, Oleksandr V.
Заглавие : The legal regulation of service and combat activities of the security and defense sector of Ukraine in crisis situations
Параллельн. заглавия :Правове регулювання службової та бойової діяльності у сфері безпеки та оборони України у кризових ситуаціях
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.76-85
УДК : 342.6
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): theory of military activity--anti-terrorist security system--state governance--law enforcement agencies--national security--військова діяльність--военная деятельность--антитерористична безпека--антитерористична діяльність--антитеррористическая деятельность--антитеррористическая безопасность--державне управління--государственное управление--національна безпека--национальная безопасность--правоохоронні органи--правоохранительные органы
Аннотация: The article states that nowadays situations in Ukraine shows that the theory of military activity of law enforcement forces needs a new development in the terms of settlement of armed confrontation in separate areas of Donetsk and Luhansk areas. Therefore, the issues of regulatory and legal support of law enforcement agencies in responding to crisis situations come to the fore. The analysis of normative legal acts shows that legal norms are not formulated clearly enough and ambiguously interpreted by law enforcement agencies. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the legislative mechanism for preventing and responding to crisis situations that threaten the national security of Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to comprehensively reveal the essence and features of the legal regulations of combat operations of the security and defense sector of Ukraine in crisis situations and to develop specific practical recommendations, scientifically sound proposals for improving State governance in this field. In order to research the best practices of Ukraine on the functioning of Public mechanisms of response of the security and defense sector of Ukraine to crisis situations during the Anti-Terrorist Operation and the Joint Forces Operation in some districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, an expert survey of anti-terrorist security experts was conducted. The results of the survey provided an opportunity to identify the main problematic issues in the functioning of the anti-terrorist security system and provide appropriate development proposals. The State authorities today need to focus on improving the organization of management, establishing interagency cooperation between government agencies, increasing the level of pre-training of personnel, a clear definition of tasks for law enforcement units during special operations. Areas of further research will be aimed at developing State mechanisms of responding by the components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine to crisis situations.
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4.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shulga, Mykhaylo V., Korniyenko, Ganna S., Yakoviyk, Ivan V.
Заглавие : Legal support for the activities of agricultural transnational corporations in Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Правове забезпечення діяльності аграрних транснаціональних корпорацій в Україні
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28. Iss. 2. - p.234-242
ББК : Х626
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agrarian--agribusiness--agricultural--chain--legal regulation--production--аграрний--агробізнес--сільськогосподарський--ланцюг--правове регулювання--виробництво--аграрный--агробизнес--сельскохозяйственный--звено--правовое регулирование--производство
Аннотация: Agricultural transnational corporations have always expressed interest in Ukraine as a state with a strong natural potential and good and reliable prospects for agribusiness. Under the influence of factors such as climate change, an unprecedented increase in the world's population and, as a result, a high demand for agricultural products, this interest will increase, and the role of agricultural transnational corporations will grow every year. Therefore, one of the most urgent research and practical problems that lawyers will have to solve is the definition of the key term “agricultural transnational corporations” and the identification of their features. This will allow the Ukrainian legislator to regulate complex and multidimensional relations with their participation in the agricultural sector as accurately as possible and, in particular, govern relations concerning the activities of these subjects of agricultural business, and eliminate gaps in the current legal regulation. Considering this, the purpose of this study was to attempt establishing the essence of agricultural transnational corporations as a legal phenomenon based on an in-depth analysis and to define this term, classify these corporations on certain grounds and establish the specific features of their activities. The study was conducted considering the existing legal support of these participants in agribusiness relations. Research methods included a set of philosophical, general scientific, and special legal methods. The synergetic research method was the fundamental method of understanding the legal support of agricultural transnational corporations. It was proved that an agricultural transnational corporation is a complex entity that engages in agricultural activities in two or more countries, is managed and controlled from a single centre and comprises a parent company, subsidiaries, branches, and departments. The study analysed positive and negative aspects of the activities of agricultural transnational corporations. It was established out that the following agricultural transnational corporations act in Ukraine: in the field of crop production, animal husbandry, processing, servicing agricultural producers, and with mixed activities (simultaneously engaged in both crop production and animal husbandry). It was emphasised that the agricultural chain of a transnational corporation can cover different countries.
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5.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Karpachova, Nina I.
Заглавие : Modern challenges to international security and protection of human rights (international and ukrainian context)
Параллельн. заглавия :Сучасні виклики міжнародній безпеці та захисту прав людини (міжнародний та український контекст)
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.25-33
УДК : 341.217
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): challenges to human rights--european court of human rights--international security--ombudsman--protection of human rights--права человека--европейский суд по правам человека--защита прав человека--омбудсман--международная безопасность--права людини--європейський суд з прав людини--захист прав людини--омбудсмен--міжнародна безпека
Аннотация: At the moment, two mechanisms for protecting human rights can be distinguished in Ukraine: an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights at the international level and an appeal to the Commissioner for Human Rights at the national level. Therewith, the activity of the ombudsman constitutes the state’s performance of its obligations at the international level to ensure the national mechanism for the protection of human rights. In Ukraine, the Ombudsman acts according to the model of the classic parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights. In addition, along with the parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights, which has a constitutional status, there are government commissioners (“quasi-ombudsmen”) in Ukraine, whose activities do not have a special status and can be terminated at the will of the government at any time. Considering the above, the purpose of this study lies in a comprehensive analysis of modern challenges to international security and the impact of these factors on the observance of human rights in Ukraine (using the methods of both international law and classical legal methodology), as well as studying the role of the ombudsman in this process. The analysis allowed to conclude that the causes of human rights violations lie not only in the country’s problems, but are also the consequences of global processes. A huge challenge to the rights and freedoms in Ukraine is the intensifying poverty of the population, which in itself is a violation of human rights and allows to exercise all other rights. Furthermore, the hostilities in the Donbas region led to gross, massive, and systematic violations of human rights: residents of the front-line territories were faced with two challenges at once – the danger that arises due to the impossibility of ensuring security in the immediate vicinity of the war zone and the increasing risks of poverty.
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6.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Tomashevski, Kirill L.
Заглавие : The impact of COVID-19 on labour and social security relations: Rule-making experience of Belarus and Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Вплив COVID-19 на трудові і соціально-забезпечувальні відносини: нормотворчий досвід Білорусі та України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.211-221
УДК : 349.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): covid-19--labour law--labour relations--remote work--social security--transfers--пандемия--трудовое право--трудовые правоотношения--удаленная работа--дистанционная работа--трансфер--пандемія--трудове право--трудові правовідносини--віддалена робота--дистанційна робота
Аннотация: The article presents a brief analysis of the situation in Belarus and Ukraine with the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 and measures taken by employers to optimise labour and social security relations during 2020. A brief overview of the decisions taken by Presidents, Parliaments, Governments and Ministry of Healthcare of both countries aimed at containment of coronavirus infection is presented. The latest changes in the Labour Code of Belarus and Labour Code of Ukraine, which regulated remote work since 2020, were touched upon. Attention is paid to the concept of self-isolation under the legislation of Belarus and Ukraine, restrictive measures that must be observed when self-isolating citizens in connection with COVID-19 infection, as well as level 1st and 2nd contacts. The authors analyse the new legislative provisions governing home and remote work, introduced into the labour legislation in Belarus in 2020, in Ukraine in 2020 and 2021. The article presents the specific experience of Belarus, where the presidential decree extended the rights of employers to temporarily transfer employees without their consent, as well as to change essential working conditions, and without making changes to the Labour Code. The authors give an assessment of such legislative innovations. The article deals with some issues of social support for employees who find themselves in a situation of downtime due to the suspension of the activities of organisations that are idle, as well as self-isolation. At the end of the article, some suggestions and recommendations are made for further adaptation of labour and social security legislation in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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7.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bukhanevych, Oleksandr M., Kuznichenko, Serhii O., Mernyk, Anastasiia M.
Заглавие : Foreign experience in constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law
Параллельн. заглавия :Зарубіжний досвід конституційно-правового регулювання обмеження прав людини в умовах надзвичайного та воєнного станів
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.55-65
УДК : 342.7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): democratic system--emergency--legal regime--national security--public order--restrictions on human rights--демократический режим--демократия--чрезвычайные ситуации--национальная безопасность--общественный порядок--ограничение прав человека--демократична держава--надзвичайна ситуація--національна безпека--громадський порядок--обмеження прав людини
Аннотация: The study investigates the foreign experience of constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law in Macedonia, Armenia, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Azerbaijan, which is relevant in modern conditions, based on the presence of local military conflicts, emergencies, or the possibility of their existence in many countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse the text and content of the constitutions of foreign countries to clarify and explain the grounds for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve this purpose, the study employed a system of methods of scientific cognition, namely general scientific (analysis, synthesis), particular (comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis, approximation), as well as special legal (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. The practical value of the study lies in the identification of four prevailing trends in the constitutions of foreign states to the procedure for determining the scope of restrictions on human rights under special regimes: 1) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitutions, which cannot be restricted during the period of emergency and martial law; 2) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitution, which can be restricted to protect human rights, the democratic structure of the state, public safety, the well-being of the population and morals; 3) combining the first two options for consolidating restrictions in the text of the constitutions; 4) consolidation of the possibility of limiting the rights and freedoms of the individual in the texts of constitutions by state authorities under special legal regimes in the interests of national security without specifying partiular rights and freedoms that may (or may not) be restricted.
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8.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A., Konovalova, Violetta E., Avdeyeva, Galina K.
Заглавие : Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.252-261
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): access to justice--appealing the expert opinion--knowledgeable persons--objectivity of the expert opinion--reviewing the expert opinion--validity of the expert opinion--доступ к правосудию--заключение эксперта--объективные факторы--пересмотр заключения эксперта--доступ до правосуддя--висновок експерта--об'єктивні ознаки--перегляд висновку експерта
Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.
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9.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lukianov, Dmytro V., Steshenko, Volodymyr M. , Ponomarova, Hanna P.
Заглавие : Freedom of expression and islam: Charlie hebdo’s lessons
Параллельн. заглавия :Свобода вираження поглядів та іслам: уроки Charlie Hebdo
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.61-70
УДК : 341.215+348.97
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cartoon scandal--doctrine of islam--quran--islamic law--restriction of freedom of expression--case-law of the echr--ислам--исламское право--ограничение свободы слова--свобода слова--прецедентное право европейского суда по правам человека--іслам--ісламське право--обмеження свободи слова--європейський суд з прав людини--карикатура
Аннотация: This article studies specifics of Islamic understanding of freedom of expression and significant differences between Islamic and European understanding of that concept. Freedom of expression is recognized in Islam; however, it has significant and deeply-rooted peculiarities. In particular, Islam strictly prohibits imaging Prophet Muhammad, let alone making cartoons of him. For instance, from the perspective of Muslims, imaging Prophet Muhammad as a dog is extremely cynical, since a dog in Islam is an unclean animal inadvisable to contact with. Also, there is long-established perception of humour and its admissibility in Islam. For example, under Islamic law one shall not tell lies or scare another person; one shall not joke with an older person, a teacher, a scientist, a manager, a person who does not understand jokes, an unknown man or woman; a joke shall not be offensive or degrading a man or a family; one shall not joke about prohibited issues, tell dirty stories, disclose intimate details, resort to insults or slander. The article points out that Europeans perceive drawing cartoons of the Prophet as freedom of expression. However, in the eyes of Muslims such cartoons constitute violation of a number of prohibitions existing in Islam and therefore deeply insult their religious and cultural feelings. Such insults may cause religious conflicts with many victims, like the one that happened in the January of 2015 in the office of Charlie Hebdo French satirical weekly newspaper. To prevent similar and even more terrible tragedies in the future and release tension between Europeans and Muslims, primarily in Europe, the article explores the legal framework and conditions for restriction of freedom of expression set out in universal international law, the European Convention on Human Rights and relevant case-law of the ECHR. The set of the general and specific scientific methods of research were used by the authors according to the subject and scope of the study: sociological, statistical, dialectical, formal stylistic, axiological, hermeneutic, systemic, comparative legal method etc.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 366/P97
Автор(ы) : Puchkovska, Iryna Y., Biliaiev, Oleksandr O., Yanyshen, Victor P., Urazova, Hanna O.
Заглавие : Effectiveness of the consumer protection system upon purchasing goods in online stores
Параллельн. заглавия :Ефективність системи захисту прав споживачів при купівлі товарів в інтернет-магазинах
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.137-146
УДК : 366
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): електронна торгівля--електронна комерція--інтернет-простір--інтернет-магазин--інтернет-покупці--захист прав споживачів--юридична відповідальність--electronic trading--e-commerce--internet space--online store--online buyers--consumer protection--legal responsibility--электронная торговля--электронная коммерция--интернет-торговля--интернет-магазин--юридическая ответственность
Аннотация: Every year, the vast majority of countries switch to an online environment. This is especially true for online stores. The subject of this study is the system of consumer protection upon buying goods in online stores and its effectiveness. The purpose is to analyse the state of development of e-commerce in Ukraine and the system of consumer protection upon purchasing goods in online stores. The following general scientific methods were used: classification and theoretical generalisation - to study the theoretical foundations of e-commerce; statistical analysis - to analyse the current state of e-commerce in Ukraine and the consumer protection system. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the provisions of current legislation and the experience of foreign countries describing the development of the e-commerce market in Ukraine and the world, the main trends that have developed have been identified, the positive and negative aspects of e-commerce have been identified, as well as the effectiveness of the consumer protection system upon purchasing goods in online stores. It was concluded that the “e-commerce” industry is developing very dynamically. Consumer protection upon purchasing goods through online stores is carried out as with a regular purchase and sale, but it has a number of specific features. To attract potential customers and build their trust, online stores try to post as much information about their products and services as possible on their official websites, including customer reviews. This indicates that the sellers themselves are interested in resolving disputes as soon as possible and preserving their reputation. Taking this into account, it is the improvement of the consumer literacy of citizens, the ability to fully exercise their rights, and to protect their interests in case of certain contradictions that is one of the ways to solve the existing problems.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Sliusar, Andrey M., Zhygalkin, Ivan P., Yakovleva, Galina O.
Заглавие : Quality evaluation for recommendations of the antitrust regulator in the development of the legal system of Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка якості рекомендацій антимонопольного регулятора в умовах розвитку правової системи України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.147-156
УДК : 340
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): security--development--entrepreneurship--formation--антимонопольне регулювання--правова система україни--конкуренція--антимонопольное регулирование--правовая система украины--конкуренция
Аннотация: he formation of a competitive system in a country’s economy is always determined by the possibilities of using tools that stimulate development and form an independent picture for the external environment. In this regard, the study determines the efficiency of antimonopoly regulatory authorities in establishing the criteria and limits of regulation. At the same time, there are cases when antitrust regulation is understood primarily as a form of economic pressure on business entities. The novelty of the study lies in a new consideration of the limits of antitrust regulation. The authors demonstrate that antitrust regulation in its current capacity constitutes a form of limiting the growth of the company and is aimed primarily at reducing the dependence of the market on one stakeholder. The paper identifies the possibilities of additional consideration of the criteria for limiting antitrust regulation in the context of the formation of economic security of a business entity. The paper covers the aspects of determining the limits of state support of economic security of business entities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need for a more practical harmonization of the legislation of the country with global business standards and a decrease in the level of regulation of the business environment, coupled with its protection from hostile takeovers. The study presents the structure of economic security assurance in the context of the economic system development. © 2021, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 341.217/K21
Автор(ы) : Karpachova, Nina I.
Заглавие : The role of international human rights organisations in the context of the conflict in eastern Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль міжнародних організацій із захисту прав людини в умовах конфлікту на сході України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.24-31
УДК : 341.217
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): conflict in eastern ukraine--victims of the conflict--hostilities--warring parties--international human rights organizations--військовий конфлікт--бойові дії--жертви збройних конфліктів--правозахисна діяльність--міжнародні правозахисні організації--жертвы вооруженных конфликтов--военный конфликт--боевые действия--международные правозащитные организации
Аннотация: The task of this paper is to study the role of international human rights organizations in response to the conflict taking place in eastern Ukraine. The study is based on recent reports from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the OSCE on Ukraine. The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the situation with human rights violations in the armed conflict in Ukraine and the significant role of international human rights organizations, making active efforts to resolve it. The purpose of this study is to determine the main aspects of the role that international organizations play in resolving this range of issues. This will help to identify potential opportunities to tackle the problem with human rights violations in the Ukrainian territories. The study combines quantitative and qualitative research of the entire spectrum of issues brought into the subject. The main results obtained are: analysis of the role and place of international human rights organizations in assessing the situation with the conflict in the Ukrainian territories and obtaining statistical information on the current status of human rights violations in these territories. The value of this paper lies in obtaining practical recommendations for finding ways to peacefully resolve the conflict in the East of Ukraine and implementing comprehensive measures to create conditions for the protection of human rights in this region. © 2021, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Hetman, Yevhen A., Politanskyi, Viacheslav S., Hetman, Kateryna O.
Заглавие : Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services
Параллельн. заглавия :Світовий досвід впровадження електронних адміністративних послуг
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.79-87
УДК : 340.12:342.7:316.77
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): електронне урядування--інформаційно-комунікаційні технології--інформаційне суспільство--адміністративні послуги--інтернет--електронні послуги--электронное управление--информационно-коммуникационные технологии (инфокоммуникационные технологии) (икт)--информационное общество--административные услуги--интернет--электронные ресурсы--e-governance--information and communication technologies--information society--administrative services--electronic services--internet
Аннотация: One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, well-functioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision - the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bukhanevych, Oleksandr M., Mernyk, Anastasiia M., Petryshyn, Oleh O.
Заглавие : Approaches to understanding the category "special legal regimes"
Параллельн. заглавия :Підходи до розуміння категорії "особливі правові режими"
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.71-78
УДК : 342.7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): legal regime--martial law--special legal regime--state of emergency--human rights--restriction of rights--правовий режим--особливий правовий режим--воєнний стан--надзвичайний стан--права людини--правовой режим--специальный правовой режим--военное положение--чрезвычайное положение--права человека
Аннотация: The study investigates the main approaches to understanding such legal categories as “legal regimes” and “special legal regime”, and provides their classification. Special legal regimes serve as the legal basis for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms; therefore, the relevance of the study of the concept, types, and main features of special legal regimes is beyond doubt. The authors of the study consider the relationship between the categories of special legal regime of a state of emergency and martial law, and describe the main grounds for their imposition. The authors noted a need for a clear, consistent legal regulation of the model of behaviour aimed at overcoming and eliminating negative consequences of an emergency and military nature. Attention is focused on the fact that in Ukraine, the regulation of public relations arising in connection with emergencies and military situations has become particularly important after the emergence of a military conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The study provides the author’s vision of the categories “legal regimes” and “special legal regimes”. it is proposed to interpret the legal regimes as the regulatory procedure, which is expressed in a set of legal means that describe a special combination of interacting permits, prohibitions, and obligations, while implementing a special focus of regulation. The latter should be interpreted as a form of public administration that makes provision for the restriction of the legal personality of individuals and legal entities, introduced as a temporary measure provided by means of administrative and legal nature, and aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society, and the state. The study provides the classification of special legal regimes and contains proposals to distinguish them according to the content and basis of occurrence as follows: state of emergency, martial law, state of siege, state of war, state of public danger, state of tension, state of defence, state of threat, state of readiness, state of vigilance.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Valery Yu., Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль криміналістики та судової експертизи в міжнародному співробітництві з розcлідування злочинів
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.179-186
УДК : 343.211
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): forensic expertise--expert knowledge--criminal investigation--forensic sciences--international cooperation--international criminal court--криміналістичні знання--судово-експертні знання--кримінальне розслідування--розслідування злочинів--судові науки--криминалистические знания--судебно-экспертная деятельность--судебно-экспертные знания--расследование преступлений--международный уголовный суд--міжнародна кооперація--міжнародний кримінальний суд
Аннотация: The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Petryshyn, Oleksandr V., Hyliaka, Oleh S.
Заглавие : Human rights in the digital age: Challenges, threats and prospects
Параллельн. заглавия :Права людини в цифрову епоху: виклики, загрози та перспективи
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.15-23
УДК : 342.7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): цифровізація права--цифрова революція--права людини--свободи людини--цифрові права--захист прав та свобод--цифровизация права--digitalisation of law--digital revolution--human rights--human freedoms--digital rights--protection of rights and freedoms--цифровая революция--права человека--цифровые права--защита прав и свобод
Аннотация: The current stage of development of public relations is described by a rapid increase in digital technologies. Intensive development of science and active technological progress have become the main characteristic features of modern society. This has affected the specific features of people’s lives in society, the exercise of their rights and freedoms, and has become a catalyst for the development of a new category of human rights - “digital” rights. The purpose of the study is to analyse the main threats and challenges facing human rights and freedoms in the context of digitalisation, and to develop proposals on promising ways to protect against these threats. The study conducts a theoretical and legal research of problematic issues of the implementation of human rights in the context of mass digitalisation of public relations, indicates that the era of digital technologies provides completely new and qualitatively different opportunities for their implementation, but at the same time it creates new challenges and threats to ensure these rights and freedoms. It is noted that classical human rights and freedoms are being transformed, filled with new aspects and content, and branched out into those that are related to the digitalisation process. The results of digitalisation of many spheres of life require comprehension and adequate formulation of the legal mechanism for regulating, implementing, protecting the already existing and emerging human rights for the purpose of sustainable socio-economic development, ensuring the implementation and protection of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms. The study focuses on new rights such as the right to be forgotten, the right to anonymity, the right to protect personal data, the right to digital education and access to digital knowledge; rights related to the protection of genetic information; rights to take part in property turnover in the digital sphere.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х623/B78
Автор(ы) : Borysova, Valentyna I., Karnaukh, Bohdan Peterovich
Заглавие : Standard of proof in common law: Mathematical explication and probative value of statistical data
Параллельн. заглавия :Стандарт доказування в загальному праві: математичне обґрунтування і доказове значення статистичних даних
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p.171-180
ББК : Х623
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): balance of probabilities--bayesian decision theory--байесська теорія рішення--beyond reasonable doubt--naked statistics--standard of proof--баланс можливості--поза розумною сумнівкою--оголена статистика--стандарт доказывания--баланс возможности--байесськая теория решения--вне разумніх сомнений
Аннотация: As a result of recent amendments to the procedural legislation of Ukraine, one may observe a tendency in judicial practice to differentiate the standards of proof depending on the type of litigation. Thus, in commercial litigation the so-called standard of “probability of evidence” applies, while in criminal proceedings – “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard applies. The purpose of this study was to find the rational justification for the differentiation of the standards of proof applied in civil (commercial) and criminal cases and to explain how the same fact is considered proven for the purposes of civil lawsuit and not proven for the purposes of criminal charge. The study is based on the methodology of Bayesian decision theory. The paper demonstrated how the principles of Bayesian decision theory can be applied to judicial fact-finding. According to Bayesian theory, the standard of proof applied depends on the ratio of the false positive error disutility to false negative error disutility. Since both types of error have the same disutility in a civil litigation, the threshold value of conviction is 50+ percent. In a criminal case, on the other hand, the disutility of false positive error considerably exceeds the disutility of the false negative one, and therefore the threshold value of conviction shall be much higher, amounting to 90 percent. Bayesian decision theory is premised on probabilistic assessments. And since the concept of probability has many meanings, the results of the application of Bayesian theory to judicial fact-finding can be interpreted in a variety of ways. When dealing with statistical evidence, it is crucial to distinguish between subjective and objective probability. Statistics indicate objective probability, while the standard of proof refers to subjective probability. Yet, in some cases, especially when statistical data is the only available evidence, the subjective probability may be roughly equivalent to the objective probability. In such cases, statistics cannot be ignored.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Komarov, Vyacheslav V., Tsuvina, Tetiana A.
Заглавие : International standard of access to justice and subject of civil procedural law
Параллельн. заглавия :Міжнародний стандарт доступності правосуддя та предмет цивільного процесуального права
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.197-208
УДК : 347.91/.95(477)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): access to court--access to justice--alternative dispute resolution--procedural pluralism--right to a fair trial--доступ до суду--доступ до правосуддя--альтернативне вирішення спорів--процесуальний плюралізм--право на справедливий суд--доступ к суду--доступ к правосудию--альтернативное решение споров (арс)--процедурный плюрализм--право на справедливое судебное разбирательство
Аннотация: The current state of development of national systems of civil justice is described by the growing influence of the ideas of accessibility and efficiency of justice in civil cases and requires the harmonization of national systems with international standards of fair trial. This necessitates a rethinking of some classical provisions of the doctrine of civil procedural law to comply with modern realities. The aim of the article is to study the evolution and approaches to the modern interpretation of the international standard of access to justice in civil cases, as well as its impact on the doctrine of the subject of civil procedural law at the doctrinal level. The article is based on dialectical, historical-legal, system-structural, logical-legal, comparative-legal research methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, autonomous and evolutionary interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The authors advocate a broad approach to the concept of access to justice, including access to justice, access to effective remedies and access to alternative dispute resolution. Through the prism of the international standard of access to justice, the ideas of procedural centralism, based on the idea of judicial protection as the main and most effective form of protection of violated rights, and procedural pluralism, based on the provision of multiple forms of protection, the effectiveness of which is determined by the circumstances of a particular dispute. The authors substantiate the conclusion about the expediency of the perception of the idea of procedural pluralism at the level of the national legal order. A parallel is drawn between the ideas of procedural centralism and pluralism that have developed in foreign literature, and the narrow and broad concept of the subject of civil procedural law, formed in the domestic doctrine. Taking into account the autonomous interpretation of the concept of “court”, enshrined in paragraph 1 of Art. 6 of the ECHR, as well as the increasing popularization of alternative dispute resolution, provide arguments in support of a broad concept of the subject of civil procedural law, including civil litigation and alternative dispute resolution, in particular, arbitration, international commercial arbitration, mediation, etc.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tatsii, Vasyl Ya., Bilousov, Yevhen M., Kosinova, Daryna S.
Заглавие : Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (Interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support
Параллельн. заглавия :Економічний суверенітет та економічна безпека України (взаємозв’язок та взаєморозуміння) в контексті їх доктринального та правового забезпечення
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.209-223
УДК : 351.863:371.214.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): economic security--economic sovereignty--national interests--national security systems--state sovereignty--економічна безпека--економічний суверенітет--національні інтереси--національна безпека--державний суверенітет--экономическая безопасность--экономический суверенитет--национальные интересы--национальная безопасность--государственный суверенитет
Аннотация: The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security.Метою цієї статті є звернення до актуальних проблем доктринального і правового забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з актуалізацією питань щодо співвідношення понять «економічна безпека» та «економічний суверенітет» у їх взаємозв’язку та взаєморозумінні. В роботі авторами приділено увагу аналізу існуючих у національних правових доктринах окремих держав світу наукових підходів до визначення поняття «економічний суверенітет», з’ясовано його основні ознаки, проаналізовано наукові підходи вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників щодо визначення поняття «економічна безпека» та на підставі цього наведено власне бачення інструментального наповнення цих дефініцій. Аргументовано, що поняття «економічний суверенітет» є первинним стосовно поняття «економічна безпека». У статті досліджено національні системи (моделі) забезпечення економічної безпеки держави, серед яких, зокрема, американська, японська, китайська, моделі інституційних утворень (зокрема, ЄС), моделі, характерні для держав з перехідною економікою. Авторами встановлено, що для України характерною є система (модель) економічної безпеки держав з перехідною економікою, яка вирізняється фрагментарністю та непослідовністю її побудови, що в кінцевому результаті впливає на стан забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в цілому. З’ясовано, що основною метою України на даному етапі її розвитку в контексті побудови національної моделі забезпечення економічної безпеки є створення ефективної системи засобів подолання або мінімізації наявних чи потенційних загроз, особливо в умовах глобалізації торговельно-економічних відносин. В роботі наголошується на необхідності запозичення позитивного зарубіжного досвіду правового забезпечення відносин із створення та запровадження національних систем забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з метою поступового перетворення України на вагомого учасника процесів забезпечення міжнародної економічної безпеки.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Honcharenko, Volodymyr D., Shygal, Denys A.
Заглавие : Technique of generalization of results of comparative historical and legal research
Параллельн. заглавия :Техніка узагальнення результатів порівняльного історико-правового дослідження
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.74-84
УДК : 340.15:340.11
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): comparative historical legal research--forecasting--methods of cluster analysis--modelling--typologization--історико-правовий аналіз--історико-правове дослідження--порівняльне дослідження--класифікація--типологізація--историко-правовое исследование--историко-правовой анализ--сравнительное исследование--классификация--типологизация
Аннотация: This study investigates the technique of organising the information obtained during the comparative historical and legal analysis. The main methods of data systematisation include classification and typologization. Classification is manifested in the division of objects into certain classes and can be based on a variety of criteria. Therewith, each individual classification should be performed based only on one feature. In contrast to the classification, typologization can be performed on a set of essential features and is aimed at understanding the essence of the phenomena under study. Any historical and legal typologization depends on the selected criteria. The result of comparative historical and legal analysis can be the production of entire arrays of information, to organise which it is advisable to use methods of cluster analysis. Cluster analysis constitutes a set of techniques that allow classifying multidimensional observations, and its purpose is to create clusters – groups of similar objects. This study also provides an algorithm for using cluster analysis. All the above methods of information systematisation serve as the basis for further evaluation of the data obtained, the main element of which is an explanation. It is in the process of explanation that the essential aspects and relations of the compared historical and legal objects are covered and the internal causal relationship between the studied state and legal phenomena is established. Evaluation of the results of comparative historical and legal research does not end with a simple explanation, but can also continue in scientific forecasting, the logical basis of which is the method of modelling. The process of modelling at the stage of systematisation and evaluation of the results of comparative historical and legal research takes place in several stages, which are also covered in this study.Стаття присвячена дослідженню техніки упорядкування інформації, отриманої у ході проведення порівняльного історико-правового аналізу. До основних способів систематизації даних, зокрема, належать класифікація і типологізація. Класифікація проявляється у розподілі об’єктів на певні класи і може містити у своїй основі самі різні критерії. При цьому кожна окрема класифікація має здійснюватися лише на підставі однієї ознаки. Типологізація на відміну від класифікації може проводитися за набором суттєвих ознак й спрямована на пізнання сутності досліджуваних явищ. Будь-яка історико-правова типологізація залежить від обраних критеріїв. Результатом порівняльного історико-правового аналізу може стати отримання цілих масивів інформації, для упорядкування якої доцільно використовувати методи кластерного аналізу. Кластерний аналіз – це сукупність прийомів, що дозволяють класифікувати багатомірні спостереження, а його метою є створення кластерів – груп схожих між собою об’єктів. У статті наводиться й алгоритм дій при застосуванні кластерного аналізу. Усі наведені способи систематизації інформації є основою для подальшої оцінки отриманих даних, головним елементом якої є пояснення. Саме у процесі пояснення розкриваються суттєві сторони й відношення порівнюваних історико-правових об’єктів та встановлюється внутрішній причинний взаємозв’язок між дослідженими державно-правовими явищами. Оцінка результатів порівняльного історико-правового дослідження не закінчується простим поясненням, а може продовжуватися також й у напрямку наукового прогнозування, логічною основою якого є метод моделювання. Процес моделювання на стадії систематизації та оцінки результатів порівняльного історико-правового дослідження проходить у декілька етапів, які також отримують своє висвітлення у статті.
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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава