Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A., Konovalova, Violetta E., Avdeyeva, Galina K.
Заглавие : Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.252-261
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): access to justice--appealing the expert opinion--knowledgeable persons--objectivity of the expert opinion--reviewing the expert opinion--validity of the expert opinion--доступ к правосудию--заключение эксперта--объективные факторы--пересмотр заключения эксперта--доступ до правосуддя--висновок експерта--об'єктивні ознаки--перегляд висновку експерта
Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.
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2.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Forensic diagnostics: Concept, meaning, and scope of implementation
Параллельн. заглавия :Криміналістична діагностика: поняття, значення та сфера реалізації
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.187-194
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): attributes--definition--difference--properties--forensics--forensic analysis--forensic methodology--terminology--криміналістика--криміналістичний аналіз--криміналістичне прогнозування--методологія криміналістики--термінологія--криминалистика--криминалистический анализ--методология криминалистики--терминология
Аннотация: The current stage of development of forensics is described by an active search for the latest cognitive methods and tools, which fully include forensic diagnostics. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to form a modern terminology of the forensic science, further development of the scientific concept of forensic diagnostics, and prospects for creating an appropriate forensic teaching. The purpose of the study is to analyse modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of forensic diagnostics, its features, structure, integrative functions, and differences from other paired forensic categories. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and special research methods as dialectical, historical, Aristotelian, system-structural, sociological, statistical, the method of legal forecasting and modelling, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the term «forensic diagnostics» should be considered in practical and theoretical terms. In practical terms, forensic diagnostics is a method of recognising the state of objects, cognition of phenomena and processes related to the circumstances of the crime event, determined by the latter. This is a kind of tool at the disposal of an expert, investigator, detective, judge to know the object (event, phenomenon) by its reflection. In the theoretical sense, forensic diagnostics is considered as a separate forensic teaching, which constitutes a system of theoretical provisions on the regularities of recognising objects (situations) by their features and properties, based on the analysis of changes that occurred in them under the influence of the circumstances of the crime event and its participants, in order to carry out evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the theoretical basis of forensic diagnostics comprises information on the patterns of occurrence of diagnosed objects, data on typical models of event reflection (action, behaviour). It is noted that forensic diagnostics as a separate forensic teaching (theory) is at the stage of its development, constantly increasing its scientific potential and expanding the scope of practical implementation. Further development of the theory and practice of diagnostic research involves systematisation and classification of diagnostic features and sets of features of objects, events, phenomena in accordance with the solution of diagnostic problems, classification of typical situations, development of methods and techniques of diagnostic research.
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3.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Criminalistics’ language: Concept-terminological apparatus formation
Параллельн. заглавия :Мова криміналістики: формування понятійно-термінологічного апарату
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P.162-176
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): conceptual-terminological apparatus--language innovations--criteria of language development--symbols--теорія криміналістики--понятійний апарат--юридична термінологія--теория криминалистики--юридическая терминология
Аннотация: Any theory assumes the presence of its terminological apparatus - a language that is created to solve specific scientific problems and is designed to describe the relevant subject area; in criminalistics, it also serves as an effective means of thinking, should be highly specialised to reproduce the uniqueness of the subject of study, which actualises the study in this direction. Scientific approaches to the formation of the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus, through which this science describes its subject of study, were considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of its language as a system of general and individual concepts, which are reflected in certain terms, signs. It was stated that the criminalistics’ language is a complex, multilevel, holistic system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, signs, symbols. Attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of criminalistics there is a continuous improvement of its language, clarification of definitions, enrichment of the terminological dictionary (thesaurus). It was noted that the current state of development of criminalistics, the formation of promising doctrines (theories) necessitated the introduction into its scientific apparatus of a large number of new concepts, terms, signs, through the use of various linguistic approaches, terminological elements, lexical units. The innovations concern not only the general theory of criminalistics, but also its main sections - techniques, tactics and methods. In this case, the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus must develop under certain criteria and conditions defined in both special and forensic literature. The rejection of traditional approaches to the definition of certain forensic concepts, the desire for innovation and unification always require special care and comprehensive justification.
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4.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A.
Заглавие : Crime mechanism as a category of criminalistics
Параллельн. заглавия :Механізм злочину як категорія криміналістики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 3. - P.142-154
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): subject--victim--situation--method--weapon--means--vestiges of crime--criminal activity--subject of criminal encroachment--суб'єкт злочину--сліди злочину--жертва злочину--жертва преступления--злочинна діяльність--предмет злочинного посягання--субъект преступления--преступная деятельность--предмет преступного посягательства
Аннотация: The current stage of criminalistics’ development is characterized by the active formation of its general theory, the definition of the object-matter area of research in this field of knowledge. The relevance of the issues studied in the paper is due to the need of a modern scientific concept of the matter of criminalistics development, identifying the range of patterns studied. The paper is aimed at analysing modern scientific approaches to understanding the crime mechanism as a structural element of the matter of criminalistics science. To achieve this goal, general and special research methods such as dialectical, historical, formal-logical, system-structural, legal forecasting, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the crime mechanism as a holistic system of circumstances, processes, factors that determine the emergence of material and other information carriers about the crime event itself, its participants, provides the opportunity to put forward working investigative versions, investigation planning, targeted search for the consequences of the crime, offender’s identification, victim’s identification, contributes to the criminal legal qualification of the offense, and therefore undoubtedly acts as an object of criminalistics’ cognition. It is emphasized that the crime mechanism only determines the occurrence of traces (material and ideal), and therefore traces as consequences and as a result of the reflective process go beyond its internal structure (building). Therefore, the process of reflecting the crime mechanism in the environment, and hence the emergence of information about a crime and its participants should be considered as a separate aspect of the matter of criminalistics. It is noted that the criminalistics teaching on the crime mechanism studies the nature, essence and content of the functional side of criminal activity, patterns of interaction of participants of a criminal event with each other and with the surrounding material situation (environment), as well as patterns that determine the sources of criminalistics’ significant information on the crime itself and its participants. The process of direct formation of material and ideal traces, the patterns of reflection of the necessary information in them should be studied by another separate criminalistics teaching on the mechanism of trace formation. Attention is paid to the fact that the crime mechanism has connections with other categories of criminalistics and, above all, with the crimes’ criminalistics characteristics. It is stated that crimes’ criminalistics characteristics is a scientific abstract category, which reflects the qualitative and quantitative information of retrospective orientation as a result of cognition of the mechanism of certain types of crimes, i.e. that the crime mechanism is a reflected object, and criminalistics characteristics is a form of its reflection.
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5.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yarotskiy, Vitaly L., Dreval, Yuriy D., Zaika, Svitlana O.
Заглавие : System signs of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the republic of poland
Параллельн. заглавия :Системні ознаки нормативно-правового регулювання охорони праці у Республіці Польща
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.238-247
УДК : 349.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): collective agreement--labour law--labour safety and hygiene--republic of poland--social protection--statutory bases--коллективный договор--трудовое право--безопасность и гигиена труда--республика польша--социальная защита--уставные основы--колективний договір--трудове право--безпека праці та гігієна--республіка польща--соціальний захист--нормативні підстави
Аннотация: The study analyses the question of the essence and structure of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland. The relevance of the subject under study is primarily explained by the fact that in Poland, against the background of undoubted economic success, there is an intensive process of improving the legal and organisational foundations of the corresponding range of social and labour relations. The study of this issue is of paramount importance for those countries that had approximately the same “starting conditions” with Poland – the recurrence of state socialism, which devalued the principles of a market economy and the possibility of full protection of working people. The purpose of this study is to present and substantiate the systemic features of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland in difficult present-day conditions. The study is based on understanding the methodology as a complex integrated system of perception of reality and scientific cognition, and conducted based on the necessary scope of methods, namely: method of system analysis, historical legal method, structural-functional method, comparison method, special comparative legal method, and cross-temporal analysis. The authors of the present paper noted that the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland has all the features of systemic nature. Most importantly, this is explained by the harmonious correlation of two components: purely statutory and legal support of the corresponding share of social and labour relations. Notably, the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety is undergoing continuous improvement depending on current challenges and threats. For countries that have been united with Poland in the recent past in the form of state socialism, the experience of establishing the work of tripartite participants in social dialogue (government agencies, employers' and workers' representatives) is also important. The scientific value of the present paper primarily lies in the necessity and feasibility of analysing the systemic features of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety. In this case, it is important to use both the method of system analysis and a clear distinction between the concepts “system research” and “research of systems” (the latter in this case appears both as a system of legal regulation of occupational health and safety and as a complex set of public authorities and other organisations involved in the important task of ensuring due occupational health and safety).
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6.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Tomashevski, Kirill L.
Заглавие : The impact of COVID-19 on labour and social security relations: Rule-making experience of Belarus and Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Вплив COVID-19 на трудові і соціально-забезпечувальні відносини: нормотворчий досвід Білорусі та України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.211-221
УДК : 349.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): covid-19--labour law--labour relations--remote work--social security--transfers--пандемия--трудовое право--трудовые правоотношения--удаленная работа--дистанционная работа--трансфер--пандемія--трудове право--трудові правовідносини--віддалена робота--дистанційна робота
Аннотация: The article presents a brief analysis of the situation in Belarus and Ukraine with the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 and measures taken by employers to optimise labour and social security relations during 2020. A brief overview of the decisions taken by Presidents, Parliaments, Governments and Ministry of Healthcare of both countries aimed at containment of coronavirus infection is presented. The latest changes in the Labour Code of Belarus and Labour Code of Ukraine, which regulated remote work since 2020, were touched upon. Attention is paid to the concept of self-isolation under the legislation of Belarus and Ukraine, restrictive measures that must be observed when self-isolating citizens in connection with COVID-19 infection, as well as level 1st and 2nd contacts. The authors analyse the new legislative provisions governing home and remote work, introduced into the labour legislation in Belarus in 2020, in Ukraine in 2020 and 2021. The article presents the specific experience of Belarus, where the presidential decree extended the rights of employers to temporarily transfer employees without their consent, as well as to change essential working conditions, and without making changes to the Labour Code. The authors give an assessment of such legislative innovations. The article deals with some issues of social support for employees who find themselves in a situation of downtime due to the suspension of the activities of organisations that are idle, as well as self-isolation. At the end of the article, some suggestions and recommendations are made for further adaptation of labour and social security legislation in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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7.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Sliusar, Andrey M., Zhygalkin, Ivan P., Yakovleva, Galina O.
Заглавие : Quality evaluation for recommendations of the antitrust regulator in the development of the legal system of Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка якості рекомендацій антимонопольного регулятора в умовах розвитку правової системи України
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.147-156
УДК : 340
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): security--development--entrepreneurship--formation--антимонопольне регулювання--правова система україни--конкуренція--антимонопольное регулирование--правовая система украины--конкуренция
Аннотация: he formation of a competitive system in a country’s economy is always determined by the possibilities of using tools that stimulate development and form an independent picture for the external environment. In this regard, the study determines the efficiency of antimonopoly regulatory authorities in establishing the criteria and limits of regulation. At the same time, there are cases when antitrust regulation is understood primarily as a form of economic pressure on business entities. The novelty of the study lies in a new consideration of the limits of antitrust regulation. The authors demonstrate that antitrust regulation in its current capacity constitutes a form of limiting the growth of the company and is aimed primarily at reducing the dependence of the market on one stakeholder. The paper identifies the possibilities of additional consideration of the criteria for limiting antitrust regulation in the context of the formation of economic security of a business entity. The paper covers the aspects of determining the limits of state support of economic security of business entities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need for a more practical harmonization of the legislation of the country with global business standards and a decrease in the level of regulation of the business environment, coupled with its protection from hostile takeovers. The study presents the structure of economic security assurance in the context of the economic system development. © 2021, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
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8.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х910.11/Y14
Автор(ы) : Yakoviyk, Ivan Vasylovych, Shestopal, Sergiy, Baranov P. P., Blokhina N. A.
Заглавие : State sovereignty and sovereign rights: EU and national sovereignty
Место публикации : Opcion. - 2018. - Vol. 34, Issue: 87-2. - С. P. 376-385
ББК : Х910.11
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): страны--права--суверенитет--государственный
Аннотация: In this paper, the policy of the EU significantly influencing the content and direction of economic, political, administrative and legal reforms implemented in the candidate countries and neighboring states, as well as foreign policy activities have been analyzed. As a result, a supranational organization of power is able to exert a significant influence on the sovereignty of these categories of states. As a conclusion, the impact on the sovereignty of the state is exercised through the direct authorization of this by the country itself, taking into account national interests, despite the EU's political aspirations. © 2018, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.
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9.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Vakulyk O., Petrenko P., Kuzmenko I., Pochtovyi M., Orlovskyi R.
Заглавие : Cybersecurity as a component of the national security of the state
Место публикации : Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues. - 2020. - Vol. 9, Issue 3. - P.775-784
УДК : 343.34
ББК : Х621.162
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): national security--национальная безопасность--національна безпека--cybersecurity--кибер-безопасности--кібер-безпека--cyberdefense--киберзащита--киберзахист--cyberthreats--киберугроз--кіберзагроз--cyberattack--кибератака--кібератака--information--информация--інформація--information infrastructure--информационная инфраструктура--інформаційна інфраструктура
Аннотация: Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of cybersecurity as a component of the national security of the state. It has been established that the development of information and telecommunication technologies testifies to the progress of society but also determines the security risks of their use. In particular, this refers to a cyberattack and other cyberthreats. It has been determined that cybersecurity should be understood as the protection of the vital interests of a person and citizen, society and the state when using cyberspace. An important role in ensuring such a security is played by the cyberthreat protection mechanism, which provides for the development and adoption of a cybersecurity strategy, the creation of a national cybersecurity system, strengthening of the security and defense sector’s capabilities to effectively combat military cyberthreats, cyberterrorism, and ensuring cyberprotection of state electronic information resources and information infrastructure. The existence of the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine and other acts as the legal basis for countering cyberthreats has been noted. In turn, the national cybersecurity system provides for the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, and intelligence agencies. In turn, in France, Finland, Germany, the central place in the cybersecurity system belongs to the National Cybersecurity Agency, the National Cybersecurity Center, and the Cyberdefense Center, respectively. Despite Ukraine’s significant steps towards increasing cybersecurity in the state, there is no public-private cooperation in this area. Due to this, authorized entities should establish cooperation with the non-state sector and establish effective institutional and legal instruments for such cooperation. At the same time, the issue of public-private cooperation in the field of cybersecurity is relevant for all states of the world in view of the global nature of existing cyberthreats.
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10.

Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Vaitsekhovska, Oksana, Iakymchuk, Nataliia, Shchokin, Yuri, Vorotina, Nataliia V., Korchak, Nataliia M.
Заглавие : Combating Corruption in the Public Sector: International Legal Standards and their Implementation in the Legislation of Ukraine
Место публикации : Estudios de economia aplicada. - 2021. - Vol. 39, Iss. 6. Special Issue: SI. - P.відсутні
УДК : 343.35:35.08
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): corruption--корупція--коррупция--national security--національна безпека--european standards--європейські стандарти--европейские стандарты--mechanism--механизм--механізм--public funds--державні кошти--государственные средства--национальная безопасность
Аннотация: Nowadays, one of the reasons for the ineffective fight against corruption in the budget system is certain discrepancies and inconsistencies between the legal components of the mechanism for countering this anti-social phenomenon. The lack of a clear definition of the limits of competence of participants in the budget process, discretionary powers in the distribution and expenditure of budget funds, conflicts in budget legislation, and the lack of real competition in the field of public procurement clearly form the main corruption risks for all participants in these legal relations. The purpose of the study was to analyse the international legal mechanisms for combating corruption and find ways to implement them in Ukrainian legislation. The development of the national anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the public sector as a subject of international anti-corruption law is determined by a number of the following national and external factors: 1) Ukraine's accession to the universal and regional conventions on combating corruption, compliance with which constitutes the main prerequisite for Ukraine's entry into the global space; 2) Ukraine's implementation in national legislation of anti-corruption international standards developed by international intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations; 3) adaptation of national legislation to European standards within the framework of the signed association agreement between Ukraine and the EU of 2014; 4) cooperation of Ukraine with international organisations, within which the international anti-corruption policy is developed and formed; 5) activities in the field of combating corruption of international non-governmental organisations, among which Transparency International constitutes an important element of the legal mechanism of the international anti-corruption legal order; 6) Ukraine’s international anti-corruption obligations to international financial institutions; 7) Ukraine's participation in international conferences and summits on anti-corruption issues; 8) Ukraine's cooperation with other states in providing relevant bodies of foreign states and receiving information on preventing and combating corruption; 9) national historical and political factors.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tyshchenko, Olga I., Titko, Ivan A.
Заглавие : Placement of a person in a medical institution in order to conduct a psychiatric examination: international standards and national realities
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 74, Issue:9, cz. 2. - P.2020-2025
УДК : 340.63
ББК : Х897 + Х629.7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): echr (european court of human rights) practice--практика европейского суда по правам человека--практика європейського суду з прав людини--diagnosis of mental disorders--диагностика психических нарушений--діагностика психічних порушень--outpatient psychiatric examination--амбулаторное психиатрическое обследование--амбулаторне психіатричне обстеження--expert opinion--мнение эксперта--думка експерта--medical certificate--медицинский сертификат--медичний сертифікат--right to liberty--право на свободу--forensic psychiatric--судебно-психиатрический осмотр--судово-психіатричний огляд
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of this work is to identify the compliance level of modern practice of placement of a person in a medical institution in order to conduct the FPE to international standards and legal positions of the ECHR in terms of ensuring the right to liberty and security of person; formulation of scientifically substantiated proposals on the synchronization directions of national practices with the specified international standards. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: During the preparation of the article the following was processed: scientific research on ensuring the rights of persons suffering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings; provisions of international agreements on the provision of psychiatric care; legal positions of the ECHR on the observance of persons' rights suffering from mental disorders (15 judgments on this topic); criminal procedural legislation of individual states; results of generalization of national law enforcement practice; the results of a survey conducted by the authors of 18 psychiatrists who practice in the field of forensic psychiatric examinations (psychiatrists working in state psychiatric clinics in Odesa, Poltava, Kharkiv were interviewed). In the process of research a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used (comparative-legal method, system-structural method, generalization method, method of analysis and synthesis, method of sociological research, method of expert assessments, etc.). RESULTS: Results: According to the research results: a) legal positions of the ECHR on the observance of the rights of persons suffering from mental disorders are identified and generalized; b) the compliance level of modern practice of placing a person in a medical institution in order to conduct the FPE with international standards and legal positions of the ECHR in terms of ensuring the right to liberty and security of person ( 1 of Article 5 of the Convention); c) the degree of extrapolation of these positions to the activities of psychiatrists is analyzed; d) the optimal ways of solving the existing problems in the aspect of ensuring the rights of a person when placing them in a medical institution for an inpatient FPE are proposed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The current national practice of placing a person in a medical institution for an inpatient FPE does not fully comply with the legal positions of the ECHR in terms of ensuring the right to liberty and security of person (in particular, there are deviations from the positions of the ECHR on: determining the documentary basis for the appointment of an inpatient FPE; interaction of police and medical workers in the field of psychiatry during the detention of a person with a mental disorder). Keywords
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tyshchenko, Olga I. , Titko, Ivan A.
Заглавие : Features of application of precautionary measures for persons suffering from mental disorders: National dimension
Параллельн. заглавия :Особливості застосування запобіжних заходів щодо осіб, які страждають на психічні розлади: національний вимір
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P.147-161
УДК : 343.13
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальний процес--уголовный процесс--принудительная медицинская помощь--психиатрическая помощь--примусові заходи медичного характеру--принудительные меры медицинского характера--compulsory psychiatric care--criminal proceedings--echr practice
Аннотация: The paper investigates topical issues of application of precautionary measures against persons subject to criminal proceedings for the application of compulsory psychiatric care in the context of international standards and interpretative practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the specific features of applying precautionary measures to a person suffering from a mental disorder based on the materials of generalization of domestic law enforcement practice in criminal proceedings regarding the application of compulsory psychiatric care. Research methods are selected with consideration of the purpose, objectives, and subject of research. General scientific and special methods of scientific cognition (dialectical, statistical, comparative law, analysis, synthesis, generalization) were used in the work. The integrated use of these methods has contributed to an objective and comprehensive scientific study. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and judicial practice, the specific features of application of preventive measures in criminal proceedings regarding compulsory psychiatric care are singled out, namely: a) they are applied to a person suffering from a mental disorder; b) are selected only in criminal proceedings concerning the application of compulsory psychiatric care; c) have a specific purpose conditioned by the presence of a mental disorder from which the person suffers. The specifics of the applying the measures envisaged by Art. 508 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the CPC) allowed to question the legitimacy of the legislative approach as to their allocation to the institution of precautionary measures in criminal proceedings. In particular, it was concluded that in contrast to the general purpose of application of precautionary measures stipulated by Art. 177 of the CPC (concerning the suspect, the accused, the condemned), for the purpose of applying precautionary measures envisaged by Art. 508 of the CPC (concerning a person in respect of whom the application of compulsory psychiatric care is stipulated) are: 1) prevention of risks of their possible illegal behaviour; 2) provision of qualified psychiatric care to them; 3) ensuring the person’s safety and the safety of others. In this regard, it should be noted that the position of the domestic legislator on the possibility of applying precautionary measures to persons suffering from mental disorders is subject to reasonable criticism of the legal community. The main argument in this debatable issue is that these persons cannot be subjects to which precautionary measures are applied, as the latter, according to the general rules, can be applied to clearly defined subjects of criminal proceedings - suspects, accused, and convicts.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tkachenko, Yevhenii, Dakhova, Iryna, Zazuliak, Zoriana
Заглавие : The protection of the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine: Theory and practice
Место публикации : Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 4. - P.146-162
УДК : 342.71
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): citizenship--indigenous peoples--judicial protection of rights--national minorities--national-ethnic relations--громадянство--корінні народи--судовий захист прав--національні меншини--національно-етнічні відносини--гражданство--коренные народы--судебная защита прав--национальные меньшинства--национально-этнические отношения
Аннотация: This note is focused on the problems of ensuring the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine. These issues are considered in accordance with theoretical approaches in the social sciences, as well as the practice of protecting the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine. Court decisions on discrimination against the rights of these vulnerable groups are analysed. The research is aimed at the scientific search for ways to improve the legal regulation of national-ethnic relations to ensure the rights of national minorities and groups. In accordance with a comprehensive theoretical and practical approach, an analysis of Ukrainian legislation and case-law on the protection of the rights of national minorities and indigenous people is given. Problems of ensuring the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples are revealed. Some promising legislative improvements are proposed to eliminate violations and ensure the rights of these groups.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tatsii, Vasyl Ya., Bilousov, Yevhen M., Kosinova, Daryna S.
Заглавие : Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (Interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support
Параллельн. заглавия :Економічний суверенітет та економічна безпека України (взаємозв’язок та взаєморозуміння) в контексті їх доктринального та правового забезпечення
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P.209-223
УДК : 351.863:371.214.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): economic security--economic sovereignty--national interests--national security systems--state sovereignty--економічна безпека--економічний суверенітет--національні інтереси--національна безпека--державний суверенітет--экономическая безопасность--экономический суверенитет--национальные интересы--национальная безопасность--государственный суверенитет
Аннотация: The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security.Метою цієї статті є звернення до актуальних проблем доктринального і правового забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з актуалізацією питань щодо співвідношення понять «економічна безпека» та «економічний суверенітет» у їх взаємозв’язку та взаєморозумінні. В роботі авторами приділено увагу аналізу існуючих у національних правових доктринах окремих держав світу наукових підходів до визначення поняття «економічний суверенітет», з’ясовано його основні ознаки, проаналізовано наукові підходи вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників щодо визначення поняття «економічна безпека» та на підставі цього наведено власне бачення інструментального наповнення цих дефініцій. Аргументовано, що поняття «економічний суверенітет» є первинним стосовно поняття «економічна безпека». У статті досліджено національні системи (моделі) забезпечення економічної безпеки держави, серед яких, зокрема, американська, японська, китайська, моделі інституційних утворень (зокрема, ЄС), моделі, характерні для держав з перехідною економікою. Авторами встановлено, що для України характерною є система (модель) економічної безпеки держав з перехідною економікою, яка вирізняється фрагментарністю та непослідовністю її побудови, що в кінцевому результаті впливає на стан забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в цілому. З’ясовано, що основною метою України на даному етапі її розвитку в контексті побудови національної моделі забезпечення економічної безпеки є створення ефективної системи засобів подолання або мінімізації наявних чи потенційних загроз, особливо в умовах глобалізації торговельно-економічних відносин. В роботі наголошується на необхідності запозичення позитивного зарубіжного досвіду правового забезпечення відносин із створення та запровадження національних систем забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з метою поступового перетворення України на вагомого учасника процесів забезпечення міжнародної економічної безпеки.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shylo, Olha H., Hlynska N. V.
Заглавие : Legal means of procuring the unity application of the criminal procedure law
Параллельн. заглавия :Правові засоби забезпечення єдності застосування кримінального процесуального закону
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.156-169
УДК : 343.1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): кримінальний процес--кримінальний закон--судова практика (практика судів)--єдність судової практики--уголовный процесс--судебная практика (практика судов)--единство судебной практики--judicial practice--uniformity of judicial practice--quality of criminal procedural law--judicial discretion
Аннотация: Ensuring the unity of judicial practice is the implementation of the legal certainty principle, which is considered as the part of the rule of law, ensures the predictability of court decisions. At the theoretical level, the issues of the unity of judicial practice are mostly the subject of research in the context of judicial reform and the judiciary, but comprehensive research on this issue in the field of modern criminal justice is almost absent. The purpose of the study is to establish a system of legal means to ensure the unity of judicial practice. The methodological basis of the study was based on general and special methods, namely: dialectical, systematic, formal-legal and logical methods. The authors provide a brief overview of the theoretical provisions that determine the socio-legal value of the unity of law enforcement practice. The concept of “unity of judicial practice” in the field of criminal proceedings is analyzed and it was emphasized the usage of the approach of understanding the unity of judicial practice as a synonym of equal (adjustment) application of procedural and material norms in homogeneous categories of court decisions, which are adopted in the course of criminal proceedings. It is established that the limit of permitted differences in the application of the law is quite flexible and informal. It is established that the quality of the law cannot be assessed in isolation from the practice of its application. The authors also emphasize the instrumental role of judicial practice in the general mechanism of ensuring uniformity of law enforcement. A position was expressed on the role of explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court in the general mechanism of ensuring the unity of judicial practice. It is established that the system of legal means to ensure the unity of application of the law in the field of criminal proceedings consists of a set of interrelated elements. The results of the study can be used in further scientific development of the problem of ensuring the unity of judicial practice, scientific substantiation of proposals aimed to improve the current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the issues that have become the subject of this research.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shylo O. H., Hlynska N. V.
Заглавие : The role of the Supreme Court in the mechanism of ensuring the sustainability and unity of judicial practice: some aspects
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль Верховного Суду в механізмі забезпечення сталості та єдності судової практики: окремі аспекти
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 3. - P.128-141
УДК : 343.15:347.991
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): уголовный процесс--кримінальний процес--верховний суд україни--верховный суд украины--правова позиція--правовая позиция--касаційний кримінальний суд--criminal court of cassation--sustainability and unity of judicial practice
Аннотация: One of the means of ensuring the stability and unity of judicial practice is the decision of the Supreme Court, which deviates from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations. The current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine clearly regulates the procedure for such a derogation, which is generally in line with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international recommendations in this area. However, this procedure has immanent significant features that require scientific analysis of the current procedural form in this segment with regard to its adequacy to the needs of ensuring the right of everyone to a fair trial and society’s expectations for reasonable predictability of court decisions. In view of this, within the framework of this study, the categories “unity” and “sustainability” of judicial practice as a subject of provision by the Supreme Court was carried out. To achieve this purpose, the authors used a set of modern general and special legal methods. The study considers the procedural order for the Supreme Court to deviate from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations; the legal nature of the issue of the hierarchy of legal positions of the Supreme Court is analysed. It is established that the key idea embodied by the legislator in the statutory model of the procedure for deviating from the opinion on the application of the rule of law is that the possibility of such a deviation from the opinion, depending on the composition of the court in which it was adopted and determines the “higher degree of significance” of such a conclusion and its application in further judicial practice. These areas were studied with the consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Council of European Judges, as well as the relevant practice of the Supreme Court.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shulga, Mykhaylo V., Korniyenko, Ganna S., Yakoviyk, Ivan V.
Заглавие : Legal support for the activities of agricultural transnational corporations in Ukraine
Параллельн. заглавия :Правове забезпечення діяльності аграрних транснаціональних корпорацій в Україні
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28. Iss. 2. - p.234-242
ББК : Х626
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agrarian--agribusiness--agricultural--chain--legal regulation--production--аграрний--агробізнес--сільськогосподарський--ланцюг--правове регулювання--виробництво--аграрный--агробизнес--сельскохозяйственный--звено--правовое регулирование--производство
Аннотация: Agricultural transnational corporations have always expressed interest in Ukraine as a state with a strong natural potential and good and reliable prospects for agribusiness. Under the influence of factors such as climate change, an unprecedented increase in the world's population and, as a result, a high demand for agricultural products, this interest will increase, and the role of agricultural transnational corporations will grow every year. Therefore, one of the most urgent research and practical problems that lawyers will have to solve is the definition of the key term “agricultural transnational corporations” and the identification of their features. This will allow the Ukrainian legislator to regulate complex and multidimensional relations with their participation in the agricultural sector as accurately as possible and, in particular, govern relations concerning the activities of these subjects of agricultural business, and eliminate gaps in the current legal regulation. Considering this, the purpose of this study was to attempt establishing the essence of agricultural transnational corporations as a legal phenomenon based on an in-depth analysis and to define this term, classify these corporations on certain grounds and establish the specific features of their activities. The study was conducted considering the existing legal support of these participants in agribusiness relations. Research methods included a set of philosophical, general scientific, and special legal methods. The synergetic research method was the fundamental method of understanding the legal support of agricultural transnational corporations. It was proved that an agricultural transnational corporation is a complex entity that engages in agricultural activities in two or more countries, is managed and controlled from a single centre and comprises a parent company, subsidiaries, branches, and departments. The study analysed positive and negative aspects of the activities of agricultural transnational corporations. It was established out that the following agricultural transnational corporations act in Ukraine: in the field of crop production, animal husbandry, processing, servicing agricultural producers, and with mixed activities (simultaneously engaged in both crop production and animal husbandry). It was emphasised that the agricultural chain of a transnational corporation can cover different countries.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х621.154.2/S56
Автор(ы) : Shul'ha M. G., Mazur A. V., Georgiievskyi I. V.
Заглавие : Legal regulation of importation of medicinal products: european standards and national practice
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - p.2457-2463
ББК : Х621.154.2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): counterfeit medicinal products--medicinal products--parallel import--import--licensing--противодействие лекарственных продуктов--лекарственная продукция--параллельный импорт--импорт--лицензирование--протидія лікарських продуктів--лікарська продукція--паралельний імпорт--імпорт
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The state policy in the field of medicinal products supply and import adjustment is aimed at steady assurance of quality throughout all stages of medicinal products circulation, starting with production and import to the stage of their medical application. The aim:of the article is to study the existing permitting and restrictive legal mechanisms of importing medicinal products at international, regional and national levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This research is based on empirical and analytical data from the WHO, EU, EU customs and medical legislation, national legislation of Ukraine and Republic of Poland, Eurostat statistics, European Court of Justice (hereinafter referred to as ECJ) rulings. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Customs regime prohibitions and restrictions are of particular importance when it comes to importing medicinal products. That specificity is in the procedures of licensing, certification, quality control, packaging, marking etc. A proper mechanism for carrying out such procedures requires standardization at international and regional levels. At the level of regional cooperation the issue of parallel import of medicinal products is urgent. Associated risks should be minimized by means of the instruments of international, European law through the adaptation of the national licensing procedures of medicinal products import to the EU requirements, including those defined in the Association Agreements.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 343.98/S53
Автор(ы) : Shevchuk, Viktor M.
Заглавие : Methodological problems of the conceptual framework development for innovation studies in forensic science
Параллельн. заглавия :Методологічні проблеми формування понятійного апарату криміналістичної інноватики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.170-183
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): протидія злочинності--криміналістика--противодействие преступности--криминалистика--crime prevention--law enforcement
Аннотация: The paper investigates the development issues associated with the conceptual framework of the innovation studies in forensic science as a new research area in forensic science. The author studies the methodological problems of developing and grouping categories and concepts of the subject matter. It is substantiated that the level of development and validity of any scientific theory, including the innovation studies in forensic science, is determined according to the degree and level of development of its theoretical and methodological principles and the framework of categories and concepts of this theory. In particular, this refers to such concepts as forensic innovation, innovative forensic product, their functions, classifications, stages of the innovation process, etc. The study analyses the scientific approaches to understanding the basic categories of the matter under consideration, which are innovative forensic product and forensic innovation. The author offers their definitions, describes essential features and properties, and analyses the correlation of these concepts. Furthermore, the author analyses the general and universal dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete and from the concrete to the abstract, including their role in the development of the conceptual framework of innovation studies in forensic science. The study notes that the methodological framework for the development and implementation of innovative forensic products and the application of forensic innovations in law enforcement also includes activity-based, system-structural, and technological approaches, the use of which is promising both in the study of basic concepts of innovation studies in forensic science and in the development of this forensic theory. The author articulates proposals and individual insights in the solution of particular debating points associated with innovations in forensic science and law enforcement practice. The study substantiates that a comprehensive approach to the development of basic concepts and categories of innovation studies in forensic science constitutes a methodological foundation for further research on this subject, which determines the promising areas for the development of forensic science.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Valery Yu., Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль криміналістики та судової експертизи в міжнародному співробітництві з розcлідування злочинів
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.179-186
УДК : 343.211
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): forensic expertise--expert knowledge--criminal investigation--forensic sciences--international cooperation--international criminal court--криміналістичні знання--судово-експертні знання--кримінальне розслідування--розслідування злочинів--судові науки--криминалистические знания--судебно-экспертная деятельность--судебно-экспертные знания--расследование преступлений--международный уголовный суд--міжнародна кооперація--міжнародний кримінальний суд
Аннотация: The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime.
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