Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания : 340.112/G41
Автор(ы) : Getman A., Karasiuk V., Hetman Y.
Заглавие : Ontologies as a Set to Describe Legal Information
Место публикации : Computational linguistics and intelligent systems (COLINS 2020): 4th International Conference, Lviv, Ukraine (Apr. 23-24, 2020). - Lviv, 2020. - Vol. I: Main conference. - P.347-357. - (Book Series: CEUR Workshop Proceedings; Vol. 2604)
УДК : 340.112
ББК : Ю21
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial intelligence--искусственный интеллект--штучний інтелект--legal information--правовая информация--правова інформація--ontology--онтология--онтологія--knowledge representation--представление знаний--представление знаний--crowdsourcing--краудсорсинг--краудсорсінг
Аннотация: The article discusses the features of legal knowledge ontology creation. It is determined that ontology is the most appropriate way to describe legal knowledge. The particular qualities of legal information and the features of the language of a right were investigated. A review of legal knowledge ontologies that are used in various branches of law was made. The properties of legal information and the requirements for regulatory documentation in Ukraine were described. The formalization of the structure of the ontology database was presented, taking into account the required attributes of the concepts. The methodology of the work with the knowledge base was proposed to use the independent work of many users. The legal knowledge ontology at the law university was filled by all users of the software package, but experts checked the quality of this content. Crowdsourcing was considered as the main technique of the ontology filling process. Several branches of the ontology of legal knowledge were filled. The results of the experimental operation of this ontology by university students were analyzed.
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2.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhuravel, Volodymyr A., Konovalova, Violetta E., Avdeyeva, Galina K.
Заглавие : Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities
Параллельн. заглавия :Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P.252-261
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): access to justice--appealing the expert opinion--knowledgeable persons--objectivity of the expert opinion--reviewing the expert opinion--validity of the expert opinion--доступ к правосудию--заключение эксперта--объективные факторы--пересмотр заключения эксперта--доступ до правосуддя--висновок експерта--об'єктивні ознаки--перегляд висновку експерта
Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.
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3.

Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания : Х062/T23
Автор(ы) : Tatsyi V., Getman A., Ivanov, Stanislav, Karasiuk V., Lugoviy O., Sokolov O.
Заглавие : Semantic network of knowledge in science of law
Место публикации : Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology - Information and Communication Technology, ACIT-ICT 2010 : International Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology, held June 15 - 18, 2010 in Novosibirsk, Russia: ACTA Press, 2010. - P.218-222
ББК : Х062
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): семантическая сеть знаний для юристов--правовая информация--онтология знаний--программный продукт--правовая база знаний--программное обеспечение--консультативная система
Аннотация: The manuscript deals with the task of creating a semantic network of knowledge for lawyers. The network takes into account the peculiarities of legal information: low degree of structure development; textual character; a substantial volume; usage of synonyms; descriptive nature and location in different sources. The structure of the knowledge database realizing ontology represented of legal information has been developed. The legal knowledge database is presented by notion system with a random set of connections. The work concerns the developed software package JURONT and methods of its usage. The software package consists of 4 products, ensuring all the regimes of this systems functioning. The tasks that can be solved on the legal knowledge database in this software package have been formulated. These materials will be applied in Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Ukraine) as a knowledge–oriented consultative system of students individual studying in speciality “Law” and checking their knowledge.
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4.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 343.983/S53
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Valery Yu., Olkhovsky, Vasyl O., Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : The process of scientific knowledge integration in crime prevention and trends of medical criminalistics development in Ukraine in XIX - early XX century
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Issue:1. - P.176-179
УДК : 343.983
ББК : Х629.4
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): forensic medicine--судебная медицина--судова медицина--forensic science--криминалистика--криміналістика--medical criminalistics--медицинская криминалистика--медична криміналістика--criminalistic knowledge--криминалистические знания--криміналістичні знання--medical knowledge--медицинские знания--медичні знання--molecular genetic expertise--молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза--молекулярно-генетична експертиза
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To carry out a historical review of the formation and development of medical forensics in the XIX - early XX century in Ukraine, as well as to identify its trends at the present stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The article is based on the study of archival and published materials, the results of integrating expert judgments, judicial practice and regulatory acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, interviewing investigators and court experts. In the course of the research a system of scientific methods has been used: historical, comparative, terminological analysis, formal-logical, sociological. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In the XIX and early XX centuries, the foundations for the formation of medical criminalistics were laid, which facilitated the development of forensic medicine, criminalistics and forensic examination. Special medical knowledge is widely used in investigative, judicial and expert practice. The synthesis of medical and forensic knowledge enhanced the development of a method of personal identification, based on his/her genetic properties, the formation of molecular genetic examination, the study of individual objects at the modern level.
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5.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shepitko, Valery Yu., Shepitko, Mykhaylo V.
Заглавие : The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes
Параллельн. заглавия :Роль криміналістики та судової експертизи в міжнародному співробітництві з розcлідування злочинів
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P.179-186
УДК : 343.211
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): forensic expertise--expert knowledge--criminal investigation--forensic sciences--international cooperation--international criminal court--криміналістичні знання--судово-експертні знання--кримінальне розслідування--розслідування злочинів--судові науки--криминалистические знания--судебно-экспертная деятельность--судебно-экспертные знания--расследование преступлений--международный уголовный суд--міжнародна кооперація--міжнародний кримінальний суд
Аннотация: The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : Х629.4/Y27
Автор(ы) : Yaremchuk, Viktoria
Заглавие : The use of medical knowledge in the crime investigation
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue: 1. - P.103-106
ББК : Х629.4
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): расследование преступлений--судебные знания--судебная медицина--медицинская криминалистика--медицинские знания--исследование молекулярного генома--врачи
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Investigation of many types of crimes is accompanied by the involvement of health care workers. They, with the help of their special skills in the sphere of medicine, assist the investigator in identification, fixation and caption of evidence. Health care workers take part in many investigative procedures, carry out forensic, psychiatric and other kinds of examinations. The aim: To reveal modern forms of using medical knowledge during the crime investigation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The abstract is based on the teachings of scholars of forensic physicians, criminologists, the results of our survey of investigators and forensic experts, the results of our generalization of criminal proceedings regarding the investigation of murders, normative and legal acts of Ukraine and other sources. The system of scientific knowledge methods: historical, statistical, questionnaires, generalizations and others, was used during the research. RESULTS: Review: Our research reveals the following forms of using medical knowledge during crime investigation. This is the participation of physicians as specialists in investigative procedures, like the review of the scene, interrogation, investigation experiment, examination, participation in the selection of biological samples for carrying out expert examinations, physicians' assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person's face with a view of its identification, also the consultations of physicians - cardiologists, traumatologists, surgeons, forensic experts, etc., carrying out of forensic and forensic and psychiatric examinations, use of medical knowledge in the form of molecular genome research with the view of person's identification. The argumentative issues on the interaction between the investigator and the physician during the review of the scene, interrogation and other investigative procedures, implementation of molecular genome research and certain issues arising in the appointment of forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations are reviewed in the abstract. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge is necessary for investigation of many types of crimes. The forms of using medical knowledge in the crime investigations such as the participation of physicians as specialists in the carrying out of investigative procedures, the physicians' assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person's face with a view to its identification and physicians' consultations are widely spread nowadays. The conduct of forensic, medical and forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations is the most widespread. The use of medical knowledge in the form of genotyposcopic and molecular genome research carried out in order to identify a person during the crime investigations is popular nowadays.
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