Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611272/A81
Автор(ы) : Pashkov, Vitalii M., Harkusha, Andrii O., Harkusha, Yevheniia O.
Заглавие : Artificial intelligence in medical practice: regulative issues and perspectives
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P.2722-2727
УДК : 61:004
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial intelligence--healthcare--medical devices--software--здравоохранение--медицинская техника--искусственный интеллект--программное обеспечение--охорона здоров'я--медична техніка--програмне забезпечення--штучний інтелект
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to identify specific of AI in healthcare, its nature, and specifics and to establish complexities of AI implementation in healthcare and to propose ways to eliminate them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study was conducted during June-October of 2020. Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the essence of AI in healthcare and specifics of its regulation. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: One of the first broad definitions of AI sounded like "Artificial Intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent ... The central goals of Artificial Intelligence are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible." There are two approaches to name this technology - "Artificial intelligence" and "Augmented Intelligence." We prefer to use a more common category of "Artificial intelligence" rather than "Augmented Intelligence" because the last one, from our point of view, leaves much space for "human supervision" meaning, and that will limit the sense of AI while it will undoubtedly develop in future. AI in current practice is interpreted in three forms, they are: AI as a simple electronic tool without any level of autonomy (like electronic assistant, "calculator"), AI as an entity with some level of autonomy, but under human control, and AI as an entity with broad autonomy, substituting human's activity wholly or partly, and we have to admit that the first one cannot be considered as AI at all in current conditions of science development. Description of AI often tends to operate with big technological products like DeepMind (by Google), Watson Health (by IBM), Healthcare's Edison (by General Electric), but in fact, a lot of smaller technologies also use AI in the healthcare field - smartphone applications, wearable health devices and other examples of the Internet of Things. At the current stage of development AI in medical practice is existing in three technical forms: software, hardware, and mixed forms using three main scientific-statistical approaches - flowchart method, database method, and decision-making method. All of them are useable, but they are differently suiting for AI implementation. The main issues of AI implementation in healthcare are connected with the nature of technology in itself, complexities of legal support in terms of safety and efficiency, privacy, ethical and liability concerns. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The conducted analysis makes it possible to admit a number of pros and cons in the field of AI using in healthcare. Undoubtedly this is a promising area with a lot of gaps and grey zones to fill in. Furthermore, the main challenge is not on technology itself, which is rapidly growing, evolving, and uncovering new areas of its use, but rather on the legal framework that is clearly lacking appropriate regulations and some political, ethical, and financial transformations. Thus, the core questions regarding is this technology by its nature is suitable for healthcare at all? Is the current legislative framework looking appropriate to regulate AI in terms of safety, efficiency, premarket, and postmarked monitoring? How the model of liability with connection to AI technology using in healthcare should be constructed? How to ensure privacy without the restriction of AI technology use? Should intellectual privacy rights prevail over public health concerns? Many questions to address in order to move in line with technology development and to get the benefits of its practical implementation.
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2.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611275/M55
Автор(ы) : Tatsiy, Vasyl Y., Tyshchenko, Olga I. , Titko, Ivan A.
Заглавие : Mental health of a person as a criterion of personal participation in the trial during criminal proceedings
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss.12, cz. 2. - P.2737-2742
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): echr practice--expert opinion--мнение эксперта--висновок експерта--расстройство психики--психічний розлад--расстройство психики--mental health--душевное здоровье--психічне здоров'я--right to a fair trial--право на справедливий судовий розгляд--право на справедливое судебное разбирательство
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the key positions of the ECHR in the context of respect for the right to a fair trial (Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter - the Convention)) of a person suffering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings concerning the application of compulsory medical measures (hereinafter referred to as CMM); formulation of scientifically substantiated proposals for determining the restriction legality criteria of the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to personal participation in the trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: During the preparation of the article, the following was processed: scientific research on ensuring the rights of persons suffering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings; provisions of international agreements on the provision of psychiatric care; the legal position of the ECHR on the observance of the right to a fair trial of persons suffering from mental disorders (6 decisions were analyzed in which the ECHR addressed these issues in the context of the requirements of Article 6 of the Convention); criminal procedural legislation of individual states; the results of a survey conducted by the authors of 88 judges (judges of local courts of Ukraine) on key issues of ensuring the participation of a person suffering from a mental disorder in a court hearing. In the process of research a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used (comparative-legal method, systemic-structural method, generalization method, method of analysis and synthesis, method of sociological research, method of expert assessments, etc.). RESULTS: Results: According to the results of the research: a) the legal positions of the ECHR to ensure the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to a fair trial are identified and generalized (Article 6 of the Convention); b) criteria for the legality of restricting the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to personal participation in the trial are proposed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: An analysis of the ECHR's key positions led to the conclusion that there was a violation of a person's right to a fair trial in national case law (Article 6 of theConvention), due in part to the lack of clear criteria for legally restricting a person's right to a trial.
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3.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gutorova, Nataliya, Pashkov, Vitalii, Soloviov, Oleksii
Заглавие : Legal means of ensuring competition in pharmacy
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P.2071-2078
УДК : 346.546.6
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): monopolization of pharmacies--marketing services in pharmacy--pharmacy chains--маркетингові послуги--монополізація--аптечні мережі--маркетинговые услуги--аптечная сеть--монополизация
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To research the consequences of pharmacy chains monopolization and establishment of legal means of neutralization of such consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study is based on acts of the European Union, the United States, and Ukraine and international regulations and documents on health care. The study's materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and specialists in a pharmacy on marketing contracts. The views of scientists on the above issue were also studied. The study analyzes generalized information from scientific journals using scientific, legal methods. Among the main research methods are systematic approach, analytical, statistical, comparative, dialectical, graphical, and a questionnaire survey of respondents. RESULTS: Results: Consolidation of massive pharmacy chains leads to an artificial increase in drug prices by almost 50 percent, which significantly reduces their availability to patients, and in many cases, makes treatment impossible due to lack of funds. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: As a result of further monopolization of the pharmacy market, the pharmaceutical industry, small pharmacy enterprises, and the complete distribution of medicines will be destroyed.
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4.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611270/L11
Автор(ы) : Baulin, Yuriy V., Rohozhyn, Borys A. , Vyshnevska I. A.
Заглавие : Labour safety of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: legal aspect
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P.2709-2714
УДК : 342.72/.73:614
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): безпека праці--медичні працівники--covid-19--трудові права--правове забезпечення--безопасность труда--медицинские работники--правовое обеспечение--employee health--means of protection--pandemics
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To develop an algorithm of legal support of the system that guarantees safe working conditions of medical workers at medical institutions during the COVID-19 outbreak. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The following materials were used in the paper: Interim Recommendations of the World Health Organization, documents of The World Medical Association, international human rights instruments, international labour protection acts, European health legislation, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, judicial practiceand survey of 60 specialists. The following methods were used in the paper: system method, comparative method, the method of questionnaires and formal logical method. RESULTS: Results: The survey of physicians allowed to state the need to create local protocols or technological maps of the use of personal protective equipment and the development and approval of the relevant results of their use - standards to ensure safe working conditions. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Proposals for legal support of the system of guaranteeing safe working conditions for medical workers at the local level have been formulated. Every medical enterprise should have a system of guaranteeing safe working conditions for medical workers by: distribution of responsibilities between the heads of medical enterprises, issuing departmental and local acts on ensuring their work and acquainting medical workers with them, ensuring proper quality and quantity of personal protective equipment and, accordingly, monitoring their use and the functioning of the system of guaranteeing safe conditions.
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5.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611278/L49
Автор(ы) : Zabuha, Yuliia Yu., Mykhailichenko, Tetiana О., Rak, Svitlana
Заглавие : Legal regulation of epidemic security under the covid-19 pandemic conditions in some post-soviet countries and Poland
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P.2758-2767
УДК : 351:616.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): пандемія--covid-19--державне управління--санітарно-епідеміологічна безпека--карантинні обмеження--пандемия--государственное управление--pandemic--epidemic security--public health--quarantine restrictions
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To reveal the features of the epidemic safety and security legal regulation in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia and Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on Belarusian, Kazakh, Moldavian, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian regulatory acts as well as national court judgments. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive, statistical and generalization approaches have been used in the article. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: the study confirmed that the direct impact on the spread and dynamics of morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries to be analyzed is determined by: the presence of government agencies and special institutions involved in combating, preventing and monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and their readiness for effective measures in emergency situations caused, in particular, by epidemics; timeliness and duration of quarantine restrictions, their severity and scope; observance of these restrictions by the population; effectiveness of law enforcement responses to violations. The strengthening of administrative and/or criminal liability had no significant impact on the morbidity situation in the country.
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6.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611293/B92
Автор(ы) : Lukashev, Oleksandr A., Krynytskyi, Ihor Y., Broiakov, Serhii V.
Заглавие : Budgetary transfer as a tool for financing the health sector: theoretical legal analysis
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12 . cz. 2. - P.2855-2859
УДК : 347.73:336.14
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): budget transfers--бюджетные трансферты--бюджетні трансферти--financing of medicine--финансирование медицины--фінансування медицини--medical subventions--медицинские субвенции--медичні субвенції--subventions--субвенции--субвенції--the health sector--сектор здравоохранения--сектор охорони здоров’я
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of the study is to: a) determine the purpose of budget transfers in the field of medicine; b) determine the characteristics that characterize budget transfers in the health sector; c) establish the significance of budget transfers in those jurisdictions in which the system of health insurance operates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study was the Report of the Minister of Health of Singapore, Information on the subvention section for 2019-2020 in Hong Kong, the Budget forecast of the US Congress for 2019, Reports of the Accounts Chamber of Ukraine for 2017, 2018 and 2019. Within the framework of this study, the following special legal methods of scientific knowledge were applied: comparative legal method, a normative-dogmatic method and a logical-legal method. The "case study" method was also widely used in this research. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Budget transfers in the field of medicine is a socially important institution of budget law. Budget transfers in the health care sector can be characterized by the following features: a) sectoral nature (health care sector) b) specific budgetary directions (movement of funds from the state to local budgets) c) widespread use (used both in states with medical insurance and in states where the health sector is entirely publicly funded).
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7.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611294/R31
Автор(ы) : Batyhina, Olena M., Derevyanko, B. V., Kadala, Vitalii V.
Заглавие : Recreational lands as a component of health care: some aspects of legal regulation
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2 . - P.2860-2864
УДК : 614.2 + 342.746
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): human health--здоров'я людини--здоровья человека--land--земля--recovery--восстановление--відновлення
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of recreational lands on human health and determine the priority forms of their use and protection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: International acts, data of international organizations and findings of scientists have been examined and used in the study. The article also summarizes information from scientific journals and monographs from a medical and legal point of view on the basis of scientific methods. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive research methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Recreational lands positively influence human health through a powerful effect of natural healing resources in combination with health-improving and therapeutic procedures on the body, which is becoming increasingly popular, and in some cases, it is the most effective treatment of all. Recreational lands are an independent category of land with a special legal regime of use, characterized by a developed or undeveloped natural area containing natural resources for treatment, recovery, rehabilitation, and prevention of diseases, which are under the special protection of the state and territorial communities. Special protection of the state in today's conditions is extremely important because there has been a negative trend in Ukraine regarding raider attacks. The objects of such attacks are exclusively those companies that are competitive in the market, have achieved significant profits, and continue to develop their activities by creating new branches and introducing new technologies. In particular, attacks on the property of agricultural enterprises and business entities that carry out activities in the field of IT services have become frequent inrecent years [1, p. 172]. The main target of attacks by raiders on agricultural enterprises is their land. Similarly, without state support and protection, recreational land can be the object of raider attacks. The priority form of using recreational land is the placement of resorts and sanatoriums that provide recreational services. Recreational lands can also be used for health improvement in the "wellness" form or within the framework of health tourism.
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8.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611283/C52
Автор(ы) : Petryshyn, Oleksandr V., Liubchenko, Marianna I., Liubchenko, Oleksii O.
Заглавие : Child's health care: legal framework and ongoing challenges
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12. cz. 2. - P.2789-2794
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): child welfare--защита детей--захист дітей--children--дети--діти--health--здоровье--здоров'я--human rights--права человека--права людини--obligations--обязательства--зобов'язання--protection--защита--захист
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: Is to analyze the development of the modern legal framework for child's health care, to clarify the benefits of a human rights-based approach, which is now is mainstreaming for understanding the right of children to health and means of its protection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, as well as taking into account the specifics of the topic, the following research methods became relevant: the application of a dialectical approach and historical method made it possible to understand the patterns of formation and development of ideas of children's rights and health within the international community and national states; formal-legal method was used when studying legal texts (international law acts, both of universal and regional level, interpretation and clarification of human rights treaty bodies, expert reports and research, case law), and comparative-legal was used to compare different approaches on health protection in various international human rights mechanisms (US Supreme Court, Council of Europe). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Today, perceptions of children's rights at the doctrinal and jurisprudential levels are quite developed due to a broad understanding and openness to progressive interpretation. In particular, the inclusion into the legal context such determinants as the inviolability of the dignity and private life of the child, proper understanding of the stages of adulthood, and an assessment of the child's developmental environment has made modern international law and national legal systems to become more viable in sense of protection of child's well-being in today's world.
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9.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : PubMed ID33611289/C43
Автор(ы) : Demura, Marina I., Kononenko, Viktoriia A., Fedosenko, Nataliia A.
Заглавие : Challenges of health care professionals' disciplinary and criminal prosecution
Место публикации : Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12. cz. 2. - P.2827-2832
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): disciplinary offence--дисциплинарное нарушение--дисциплінарне порушення--doctor--врач--лікар--failure to perform duties--невыполнение обязанностей--невиконання обов'язків--medical crimes--медицинские преступления--медичні злочини--patient--пациент--пацієнт--punishment--наказание--покарання
Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the legislative consolidation of criminal and disciplinary liability for offenses of health care professionals in Ukraine and other states. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Criminal legislation of Ukraine, international acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter - ECHR), data of the Integrated State Register of Judgments, as well as criminal legislation of Germany, the French Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan and many other countries. A set of general and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge was the methodological basis. The use of the comparative law method has become useful in the analysis of Ukrainian legislation and the legislation of other states. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: the article examined the features of the legislative consolidation of criminal and disciplinary liability for offenses of health care professionals in Ukraine and other countries. A comparative legal analysis of the legal enshrinement of the corpus delicti in the form of non-performance or misconduct of professional duties by a health care or pharmaceutical worker was carried out on the example of Ukraine and many other countries; types of penalties for medical crimes, which are established for this type of offense, were identified; sanctions for committing a disciplinary misconduct by a health care professional were determined on the example of the legislation of different countries.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 343.98/S53
Автор(ы) : Shevchuk, Viktor M.
Заглавие : Methodological problems of the conceptual framework development for innovation studies in forensic science
Параллельн. заглавия :Методологічні проблеми формування понятійного апарату криміналістичної інноватики
Место публикации : Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 2. - P.170-183
УДК : 343.98
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): протидія злочинності--криміналістика--противодействие преступности--криминалистика--crime prevention--law enforcement
Аннотация: The paper investigates the development issues associated with the conceptual framework of the innovation studies in forensic science as a new research area in forensic science. The author studies the methodological problems of developing and grouping categories and concepts of the subject matter. It is substantiated that the level of development and validity of any scientific theory, including the innovation studies in forensic science, is determined according to the degree and level of development of its theoretical and methodological principles and the framework of categories and concepts of this theory. In particular, this refers to such concepts as forensic innovation, innovative forensic product, their functions, classifications, stages of the innovation process, etc. The study analyses the scientific approaches to understanding the basic categories of the matter under consideration, which are innovative forensic product and forensic innovation. The author offers their definitions, describes essential features and properties, and analyses the correlation of these concepts. Furthermore, the author analyses the general and universal dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete and from the concrete to the abstract, including their role in the development of the conceptual framework of innovation studies in forensic science. The study notes that the methodological framework for the development and implementation of innovative forensic products and the application of forensic innovations in law enforcement also includes activity-based, system-structural, and technological approaches, the use of which is promising both in the study of basic concepts of innovation studies in forensic science and in the development of this forensic theory. The author articulates proposals and individual insights in the solution of particular debating points associated with innovations in forensic science and law enforcement practice. The study substantiates that a comprehensive approach to the development of basic concepts and categories of innovation studies in forensic science constitutes a methodological foundation for further research on this subject, which determines the promising areas for the development of forensic science.
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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава