Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Abramova, A. .
    The Ecosystem of VAT Administration in E-Commerce: Case of the Eastern Europe Countries [Текст] / A. Abramova, K. Shaposhnykov, A. Zhavoronok, P. Liutikov, I. Skvirskyi, O. Lukashev // Estudios de Economia Aplicada. - 2021. - Vol. 39, Iss. 5. - P. 1-15
   Перевод заглавия: Екосистема адміністрування ПДВ в електронній комерції: приклад країн Східної Європи
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.25115/eea.v39i5.4909

Аннотация: Quarantine economic conditions put forward new demands to tax administration’s efficiency as a priority source of the EU financial resources. The relationship between fair, efficient, sustainable taxation and budget revenues’ adequacy to finance social and economic investment, innovation, and development needs is evident. Therefore, ensuring tax administration’s efficiency and effectiveness in any EU country is of theoretical and practical importance. The study aims to deepen the theoretical and applied provisions of the VAT administration in e-commerce operations in a global convergence of the national economic systems. The analysis of the state and forecast of the VAT mobilization in the EU countries’ e-commerce operations are presented. The research’s specific is to assess the VAT tax base’s future size in the context of changes in the EU tax legislation. According to the scientific literature analysis, in the framework of forecasting the studied tax, it is advisable to use econometric forecasting methods based on time series models. As the result of the study, the forecast volumes of the VAT base of Eastern Europe and the amount of approximate future tax revenues are presented. The obtained results confirm the relationship between the growth of e-commerce and VAT tax revenues under such transactions. It led to the presentation of the author’s vision of the VAT administration ecosystem for e-commerce transactions and the allocation of its functional entities. The directions on achieving the maximum volumes of the VAT mobilization following the EU tax legislation requirements in European integration and globalization were substantiated. The submitted conclusions are entitled to be used in tax administration processes in the matters of forecasting other tax payments.

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2.
Borysova, V. I..
    Standard of proof in common law: Mathematical explication and probative value of statistical data [Text] = Стандарт доказування в загальному праві: математичне обґрунтування і доказове значення статистичних даних / Borysova V. I., B. P. Karnaukh // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p. 171-180
ББК Х623
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.171-180

Аннотация: As a result of recent amendments to the procedural legislation of Ukraine, one may observe a tendency in judicial practice to differentiate the standards of proof depending on the type of litigation. Thus, in commercial litigation the so-called standard of “probability of evidence” applies, while in criminal proceedings – “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard applies. The purpose of this study was to find the rational justification for the differentiation of the standards of proof applied in civil (commercial) and criminal cases and to explain how the same fact is considered proven for the purposes of civil lawsuit and not proven for the purposes of criminal charge. The study is based on the methodology of Bayesian decision theory. The paper demonstrated how the principles of Bayesian decision theory can be applied to judicial fact-finding. According to Bayesian theory, the standard of proof applied depends on the ratio of the false positive error disutility to false negative error disutility. Since both types of error have the same disutility in a civil litigation, the threshold value of conviction is 50+ percent. In a criminal case, on the other hand, the disutility of false positive error considerably exceeds the disutility of the false negative one, and therefore the threshold value of conviction shall be much higher, amounting to 90 percent. Bayesian decision theory is premised on probabilistic assessments. And since the concept of probability has many meanings, the results of the application of Bayesian theory to judicial fact-finding can be interpreted in a variety of ways. When dealing with statistical evidence, it is crucial to distinguish between subjective and objective probability. Statistics indicate objective probability, while the standard of proof refers to subjective probability. Yet, in some cases, especially when statistical data is the only available evidence, the subjective probability may be roughly equivalent to the objective probability. In such cases, statistics cannot be ignored.

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3.
Demidova, L. M..
    Vaccination against infectious diseases: international standards of patient's rights. [Текст] / L. M. Demidova, E. E. Demidova, A. Y. Dudchenko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue:12 cz 2. - P. 2518-2523
   Перевод заглавия: Вакцинация от инфекционных заболеваний: международные стандарты прав пациентов
УДК
ББК Р51
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek201912220

Аннотация: Introduction: The spread of infectious diseases, the increasing number of people who refuse immunization, the study of international standards of patient’s rights during immunization in modern conditions are relevant in modern medical law. The aim: The aim of this research is clarification of patient’s rights international standards for vaccination against infectious diseases and ways of their further implementation in Ukraine. Materials and methods: The research is conducted using general and special scientific methods (philosophical-dogmatic, dialectical, logical-normative, system-functional and comparative-legal analysis, statistical and others). The analysis of documents and statistics of international institutions, in particular, the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe (CE), the World Medical Association (WMA), legal acts of different countries, the judgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and other courts on human (patient) rights and their compliance with immunization (86 court decisions), and questionnaires is conducted. The views of V. Pashkov [1−3], L. Udovyka [2], N. Gutorova [3] and other researchers are studied. Conclusions: International standards of patient’s rights for vaccination against infectious diseases and standards when compulsory of vaccination is not violation of international standards of patient’s rights are identified in the study. Suggestions are made regarding the future implementation of such standards in health care system of Ukraine.

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4.
Furman, A.
    Intelligence, creativity, psychological and personal qualities of employees as factors of real achievements [Text] / A. Furman, S. Kutsepal, Т. Prykhodko, S. Krylova, М. Gliznutsa, Z. Vykhovanets // International Journal of Management. - 2020. - Vol. 11, Iss. 4. - p. 316-325
   Перевод заглавия: Интеллект, креативность, психологические и личностные качества сотрудников как факторы реальных достижений
ББК Х627
РУБ DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.4.2020.032

Аннотация: In the work, we analyzed the relationship of indicators of psychometric intelligence and psychometric creativity with intellectual, creative and social achievements. On the other hand, we tried to identify the role of different intellectual abilities and different forms of creativity, taking into account the different measures of their conjugation with real achievements, and also to analyze the role of those personal properties that, related to the peculiarities of organizing different forms of individual mental (conceptual, metacognitive, intentional) experience, act as a condition for real creative achievements of employees. The main approaches to the study of intelligence and creativity in connection with various aspects of individual productivity were examined, the results of studies of the ratio of intellectual and creative abilities were analyzed, and ideas about the role of personal properties as a factor in the employee's real achievements were analyzed.

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5.
Gutorova, N. .
    Ensuring the citizens' rights and freedoms in case of COVID-19 vaccinatio in the public health system [Текст] / N. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, T. Kaganovska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2863-2869
   Перевод заглавия: Забезпечення прав і свобод громадян при вакцинації проти COVID-19 в системі охорони здоров’я
УДК
РУБ PMID: 35029547 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111201

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens. Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. Using the above methods, we studied the attitudes of different categories of citizens to vaccination against coronavirus disease through questionnaires on the following issues: attitudes to vaccination in general; motivation for vaccination, in case of consent to vaccination; reasons for refusal of vaccination. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on vaccination and ensuring the rights of citizens to health care was also analyzed. Results: Proper legal regulation of the right to health depending on the legal status of the vaccines is important in order to implement restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 and, accordingly, to prevent the possible spread of a pandemic in the public health system. Conclusions: Ensuring the right to health and applying restrictive measures to prevent the spread of a pandemic is an essential element of the public health system. However, the question of the legal status of vaccines is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. That is, it is essential to go through all the stages of clinical trials for the vaccines used. Their safety and effectiveness and proving the fact that the harm of vaccination is much less than the harm of the spread of coronavirus disease. In the process of ensuring the right to health, including by making compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, legal framework and practice are critical components that aim to minimize the potential hazards that threaten the health and lives of the population.

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6.
Ievdokymov, V.
    Social capital measurement based on “The value explorer” method [Text] / V. Ievdokymov, S. Lehenchuk, D. Zakharov, U. Andrusiv, O. Usatenko, L. Kovalenko // Management Science Letters. - 2020. - Vol. 10, Iss. 6. - p. 1161-1168
   Перевод заглавия: Измерение социального капитала по методу "Исследователь стоимости"
ББК У01
РУБ DOI: 10.5267/j.msl.2019.12.002

Аннотация: The article substantiates the essence of the concept of “social capital” as a resource in terms of formed, permanent, established types of highly effective socio-economic interactions. In addition, the main directions of its manifestation and its structural elements are defined. It is stated that for quantitative measurement of social capital at the enterprise level, it is necessary to establish its precise framework, to determine its structure and key features. As an object of accounting, social capital should be regarded as an intangible asset. The expediency of using the Value explorer method for social capital estimation, which requires some necessary steps, has been substantiated as follows: the use of clearly established algorithm of actions in the implementation of rational selection for a new product; the use of internal and external innovations in the process of generating new ideas and production of innovations within the framework of the product realization strategy; identify areas of key competitive advantages related to social capital; determining the role of the sphere of competitive advantages in production and sales of products; gross profit distribution by key competitive advantages; calculation of the potential of the competitive advantages sphere; assessment of the durability and sustainability of the competitive advantages of the enterprise and calculation of the present value of all elements of social capital of the enterprise. Five main levels of social intangibles are identified and grounded. The study allows to form an appropriate matrix to analyze the effectiveness of their use in the enterprise.

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7.
Kravtsov, S. .
    The validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement: Issues and solutions [Текст] / S. Kravtsov, O. Surzhenko, N. Golubeva // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 4. - P. 116-130
   Перевод заглавия: Чинність, ефективність та можливість виконання арбітражної угоди: проблеми та рішення
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-n000088

Аннотация: The main reason for dispute in international commercial arbitration is the existence of an arbitration agreement concluded between the parties to a foreign trade agreement. The procedure of dispute resolution in international commercial arbitration will depend on the extent to which this arbitration agreement is concluded correctly in accordance with the norms of international and national law. Quite often, in the law enforcement activities of both national courts and arbitrations, there are questions about the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement. In different countries, this issue is addressed ambiguously. In one case, national law takes precedence, and, accordingly, national courts are empowered to consider the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement. In other cases, however, the autonomy of the arbitration agreement is a priority aspect of the consideration of any procedural issues by international commercial arbitration as the only and indisputable body authorised by the parties to the foreign trade agreement to consider a particular dispute. The article analyses doctrinal and legislative approaches to this issue, in which the authors come to the logical conclusion that national courts do not consider the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement.

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8.
Marchenko, O. S..
    Value creation networks and prices for consulting services: theoretical frameworks and models [Текст] = Мережі створення цінності та ціни консалтингових послуг: теоретичні засади та моделі = Сети создания ценности и цены консалтинговых услуг: теоретические основы и модели / O. S. Marchenko, O. V. Yarmak // Actual problems of economics. - 2015. - : 12 (174). - P. 17-23. - Бібліогр. : с. 23
ББК Х623.211.8 + У01

Аннотация: The article outlines the theoretical aspects of the network approach to value creation and consulting services pricing. The authors ground the comprehensive nature and the role of consulting networks in consulting service value creation. The theoretical frameworks of the model of a branch inter-service network of value creation and the consulting complex pricing are explained.
У статті розкрито теоретичні аспекти мережевого підходу до надання консалтин- гових послуг та визначення їх цінності і ціни. Обґрунтовано комплексний характер кон- салтингової послуги, роль мереж консалтингу у формуванні її цінності. Представлено теоретичні засади моделі галузевої міжпослугової мережі формування цінності і ціни кон- салтингового комплексу.
В статье раскрыты теоретические аспекты сетевого подхода к предоставлению консалтинговых услуг и формированию их ценности и цены. Обоснованы комплексный характер консалтинговой услуги, роль сетей консалтинга в формировании ее ценности. Представлены теоретические основы модели отраслевой межуслуговой сети формирова- ния ценности и цены консалтингового комплекса.

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9.
Pashkov, V. .
    Vat Rates on Medical Devices: Foreign Experience and Ukrainian Practice [Текст] / V. Pashkov, N. Hutorova, A. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2017. - Vol. 70. Issue:2 pt 2. - P. 345-347
   Перевод заглавия: Тарифы на медицинские приборы: зарубежный опыт и украинская практика
УДК
ББК Р

Аннотация: Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Ukraine differentiated VAT rates is a matter of debate. Today the Cabinet approved a list of medical products that has been changed three times resulting in changed VAT rates for specific products. European Union provides another method of regulation of VAT rates on medical devices. The abovementioned demonstrates the relevance of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comparative analysis of Ukrainian and European Union legislation based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods were used in this article. DISCUSSION: In Ukraine general rate of VAT for all business activities is 20 %. But for medical devices, Tax Code of Ukraine provides special rules. VAT rate of 7% for transactions supplies into Ukraine and imported into the customs territory of Ukraine of medical products on the list approved by the Cabinet. The list generated by the medical product name and nomenclature code that does not correspond to European experience and Council Directive 2006/112/EC. CONCLUSION: In our opinion, reduced VAT rates should to be established for all medical devices that are in a stream of commerce, have all necessary documents, that proved their quality and safety and fall under definition of medical devices.

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10.
Petryshyn, O. .
    The features of the system of normative-legal acts of local self-government of Ukraine: a rejection of the Soviet Union postulates in favor of the European Union values [Текст] / O. Petryshyn, M. Petryshyna, O. Hyliaka, T. Didych // Baltic Journal of European Studies. - 2019. - Vol. 9, Issue: 3. - P. 286-310
   Перевод заглавия: Особенности системы нормативно-правовых актов местного самоуправления Украины: отказ от постулатов Советского Союза в пользу ценностей Европейского Союза
УДК
ББК Х0
РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0034

Аннотация: In this article, the authors, collaboratively and based on their experience of related research (normative-legal activity of local self-government (Petryshyna, 2011), general theoretical problems of lawmaking and norm-making (Didych, 2018), problems of reception of foreign experience of reforming local self-government (Petryshyn, 2014), and pressing problems of decentralization reform (Hyliaka, 2015)) investigate the features and the shortcomings of the system of normative-legal acts of local self-government of Ukraine. These include: the problems of the legal status and the nature of the modern system of normative legal acts of local self-government, its normative-legal consolidation; the issues of practical law-making by bodies and officials of local self-government through the prism of the heritage of the Soviet system of local self-government; the shortcomings in the reforms undertaken since independence; the ongoing decentralization and associated reforms as well as existing concepts and plans aimed at the integration of Ukraine into European legal space and the European Union in particular. The result of the study was the identification of a number of substantiated features of the system and general recommendations aimed at the improvement of the overall state of local self-government and its law-making activity in the context of the current and future related reforms in Ukraine.

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11.
Podorozhna, T. S.
    Sociological approach to human rights research [Text] / T. S. Podorozhna, O. V. Verba-Sydor, L.V. Ziniak, P.V. Kazakevych // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. - 2018. - Vol. 9, Iss. 8. - p. 2754-2761
   Перевод заглавия: Социологический подход к исследованию прав человека
ББК С55.52
РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.8(38).25

Аннотация: The article deals with the concept of ‘human rights’ in terms of sociology of law. The emphasis is laid on updating and expanding the interpretation of human rights in the context of the sociological approach. It is noted that the term ‘human rights’ is rather complex, it conveys different meanings, it can be interpreted both as a philosophical one and as a political one, and as a legal one, and as a sociological one. From the standpoint of sociological science, the understanding of the term ‘human rights’ covers several aspects that extend its meaning. Firstly, the main purpose of human rights is to safeguard the dignity of individuals, the conditions for the realization of their rights. Secondly, human rights, along with other sociological terms and categories, are integrated into sociological science, since they are directly and inextricably linked with different aspects of a society's life. It is concluded that human rights in their sociological interpretation are the phenomenon of reality which is integrated into society and has its pronounced social nature, internal and external subject relations and interdependence of various aspects; they belong to everyone without exception, and their provision serves as a pledge of socially active behavior. Such a synthesis of numerous aspects of the concept of ‘human rights’ from the standpoint of sociological science makes it possible to propose a construct of human rights, according to which they are an object of sociological study of reality, its integral part.

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12.
Spasibo-Fateeva, I.
    Implementation and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Expression in Ukrainian Civil Law: Modern Problems [Текст] / I. Spasibo-Fateeva // Baltic Journal of European Studies. - 2019. - Vol. 9, Iss. 3. - P. 205-223
   Перевод заглавия: Реализация и защита права на свободу выражения мнений в гражданском праве Украины: современные проблемы
ББК Х623

Аннотация: The article focuses on the implementation and protection of the freedom of expression in Ukraine and attempts to explore this issue not from the perspective of traditional constitutional law, but rather from that of civil law. For this purpose, constitutional rights and personal immaterial rights are compared and ways of their implementation as well as remedies of their defense are analyzed. To achieve the mentioned purpose of research, the notion of 'views' has been analyzed and compared with the notion of 'facts' as a subject of civil rights. This analysis helped the author to determine ways and conditions of free sharing of information, factors hindering the freedom of sharing information and remedies of defense of the right to share information freely. The functional method allowed the author to explore the implementation of the right to freedom of expression as a systemic phenomenon influenced by various aspects, such as the language used in expression, form of expression, informational sources providing public access to the shared information, and peculiarities of access to these sources for different persons. The article emphasizes the difficulties accompanying the implementation of the right to freedom of expression in various social areas, e.g., in science, politics, religious affairs, etc. The author presumes that the freedom to express one's own opinions is comparable to the freedom of having one's own thoughts on various issues not violated, and this should be guaranteed by the appropriate infrastructure with a simple access to it for all regardless of their beliefs, political opinions, and other factors.

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13.
Zhuravel, V. A..
    Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities [Текст] = Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії / V. A. Zhuravel, V. E. Konovalova, G. K. Avdeyeva // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 252-261
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.252-261

Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.

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14.
Мерник, А. М..
    Вакцинация: право человека или обязанность [Текст] = Vaccination: human right or duty / А. М. Мерник, О. Н. Ярошенко, Н. И. Иншин, Д. В. Лукьянов, О. С. Гиляка // Georgian medical news. - 2021. - Vol. 315, No. 6. - P. 135-141
УДК

Аннотация: The article focuses on the fact that 2020 has become a new point in the history of mankind, irrevocably changing the ways of life accepted in society and forcing the entire population of the earth to live in a new way. If a person's health is threatened and / or worried about the thought of a terminal illness, it is difficult to focus on something else. Over the past year, many have experienced this reality for the first time. Effective January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a health emergency, causing international concern. The fact that some countries (New Zealand, Australia and South Korea) quickly contained the spread of the virus, but faced new, imported cases, leads to the conclusion that the victory over COVID-19 is possible only worldwide. And if in 2020 masks and social distancing were the methods of fighting the virus, then the main method of 2021 will be the vaccination of the inhabitants of the earth. However, here, too, the key factor is the scale of vaccination, which is one of the main factors in the effectiveness of the fight against any large-scale disease. Here, every person faces a moral and legal question: participation in vaccination is the right of every person as a bearer of human dignity, which implies the impossibility of taking any action on a person without his consent, or the duty of a member of society, which implies the need for vaccination as the question of the survival of the human race as a whole. The article draws attention to the refusal to vaccinate against measles in Ukraine and the consequences of such a choice. The reason for the lack of measles vaccination at the required epidemiological level in Ukraine is not the lack of the necessary vaccines, but the conscious choice of a negative model of behavior by the citizens of the country. The refusal to vaccinate children may be due to a psychological factor caused by the death of a student who was vaccinated against measles on the eve of death. At the same time, the media thirteen years after the event, conducting numerous medical examinations, provides fundamentally contradictory information about the causal relationship between the vaccination of a student against measles and his death. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by viruses. Despite this vaccination coverage against viral infections, seasonal influenza in many countries around the world remains low. Even if a vaccine is available to the citizens of a particular country, but educational programs are not carried out on the need and importance of vaccination, the potential for increasing vaccination rates against viruses will continually diminish. The most common explanation for the current upsurge in vaccine uncertainty is that the Internet enables vaccine deniers to reach out to a wide audience by publicizing their beliefs. Some activists only criticize some vaccines. Such a selective stance may indicate a communication strategy used to promote a particular vaccine. Attention should also be paid to the refusal to vaccinate due to the lack of acceptance by the human mind of traditional medicine, not belief in its effectiveness, the use of alternative, alternative medicine in the treatment of diseases. The reasons for not trusting the vaccination process are highlighted. These include: lack of trust in vaccine manufacturers who are economically motivated to make a profit; not trusting medical institutions that provide vaccinations and the conditions in which vaccines are stored; lack of confidence in government agencies involved in the procurement of vaccines, the possibility of corruption in case of abuse of their powers; fear of disease and side effects due to vaccination; distortion by the media of objective data on vaccination.

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