Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Demura, M.
    Using artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of criminal judiciary: international experience and domestic prospects [Текст] / M. Demura, D. Klepka // Science And Innovation. - 2021. - Vol. 17, Iss. 5. - P. 95-102
   Перевод заглавия: Використання алгоритмів штучного інтелекту у сфері кримінального судової судовства: міжнародний досвід та внутрішні перспективи
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.291

Аннотация: Introduction. The world has been currently experiencing a new technological revolution, the key element of which is the transmission, processing, and use of information. One of the directions of this revolution is the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) science in various fields. Problem Statement. International experience in the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of criminal justice and national prospects for its use. Purpose. The purpose is to study the international experience in the use of AI algorithms in the field of criminal justice and to identify possible directions for the introduction of such technologies in the domestic criminal process. Materials and Methods. The methodological framework is the dialectical, systemic, logical methods, as well as the law comparison method. Results. The analysis of national and foreign criminal procedural legislation, as well as the practice of using AI in the field of criminal procedure has shown the possibilities of using AI algorithms in the field of criminal justice. It has been proved that, given the international experience, the introduction of AI algorithms in criminal proceedings in Ukraine is not only a promising, but in some cases, a necessary tool to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of participators in criminal proceedings. At the same time, the most important issue is the observance of individual rights when using AI algorithms, as well as ensuring a fair trial so that everyone who has committed a criminal offense is brought to justice, no innocent person has been accused or convicted, no person has been subjected to unreasonable procedural coercion, and that proper legal procedure is applied to each participator in the criminal proceedings. Conclusions. The use of AI may significantly reduce the burden on pre-trial investigation bodies, prosecutor's office, and judicial system in general. In addition to proper technical support for the use of AI algorithms in criminal proceedings in Ukraine, it is also necessary to introduce adequate and high-quality regulations for the use of such technologies in criminal proceedings.

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2.
Tatsyi, V.
    Semantic network of knowledge in science of law [Текст] / V. Tatsyi, A. Getman, S. Ivanov // Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology - Information and Communication Technology, ACIT-ICT 2010 : International Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology, held June 15 - 18, 2010 in Novosibirsk, Russia : ACTA Press, 2010. - P. 218-222
   Перевод заглавия: Семантическая сеть знаний в сфере правовой науки
ББК Х062
РУБ DOI: 10.2316/P.2010.691-076

Аннотация: The manuscript deals with the task of creating a semantic network of knowledge for lawyers. The network takes into account the peculiarities of legal information: low degree of structure development; textual character; a substantial volume; usage of synonyms; descriptive nature and location in different sources. The structure of the knowledge database realizing ontology represented of legal information has been developed. The legal knowledge database is presented by notion system with a random set of connections. The work concerns the developed software package JURONT and methods of its usage. The software package consists of 4 products, ensuring all the regimes of this systems functioning. The tasks that can be solved on the legal knowledge database in this software package have been formulated. These materials will be applied in Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Ukraine) as a knowledge–oriented consultative system of students individual studying in speciality “Law” and checking their knowledge.

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3.
Borysova, V. I..
    Standard of proof in common law: Mathematical explication and probative value of statistical data [Text] = Стандарт доказування в загальному праві: математичне обґрунтування і доказове значення статистичних даних / Borysova V. I., B. P. Karnaukh // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p. 171-180
ББК Х623
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.171-180

Аннотация: As a result of recent amendments to the procedural legislation of Ukraine, one may observe a tendency in judicial practice to differentiate the standards of proof depending on the type of litigation. Thus, in commercial litigation the so-called standard of “probability of evidence” applies, while in criminal proceedings – “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard applies. The purpose of this study was to find the rational justification for the differentiation of the standards of proof applied in civil (commercial) and criminal cases and to explain how the same fact is considered proven for the purposes of civil lawsuit and not proven for the purposes of criminal charge. The study is based on the methodology of Bayesian decision theory. The paper demonstrated how the principles of Bayesian decision theory can be applied to judicial fact-finding. According to Bayesian theory, the standard of proof applied depends on the ratio of the false positive error disutility to false negative error disutility. Since both types of error have the same disutility in a civil litigation, the threshold value of conviction is 50+ percent. In a criminal case, on the other hand, the disutility of false positive error considerably exceeds the disutility of the false negative one, and therefore the threshold value of conviction shall be much higher, amounting to 90 percent. Bayesian decision theory is premised on probabilistic assessments. And since the concept of probability has many meanings, the results of the application of Bayesian theory to judicial fact-finding can be interpreted in a variety of ways. When dealing with statistical evidence, it is crucial to distinguish between subjective and objective probability. Statistics indicate objective probability, while the standard of proof refers to subjective probability. Yet, in some cases, especially when statistical data is the only available evidence, the subjective probability may be roughly equivalent to the objective probability. In such cases, statistics cannot be ignored.

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4.
Hetman, Y. A..
    Implementation practice of electronic administrative services in Ukraine [Text] = Практика впровадження електронних адміністративних послуг в Україні / Y. A. Hetman, V. S. Politanskyі, I. V. Semenikhin // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p. 93-104
ББК Х621.03
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.93-104

Аннотация: One of the factors for the development of civil society in Ukraine is an effective, well-functioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at studying the organisational and procedural aspects of providing electronic administrative services in Ukraine. Authors of this study clarified the significance of some fundamental concepts of this issue. The author's approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services was formulated based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. Administrative mechanisms for implementing electronic public services were analysed. The study investigated the features of classification of electronic administrative services by types of electronic representation, by field of activity, by form of ownership, by consumers, by place of receipt from the standpoint of the client and from the standpoint of involvement in the electronic service. This study is the first to analyse the regulatory framework of Ukraine on the provision of electronic administrative services in stages and chronologically. Authors studied and compared the features of the procedure for rendering electronic administrative services using the Unified State Portal of Administrative Services, the iGov portal of state electronic services and the Ukrainian online service of public services – Diia. The study covered the procedure for the operation of administrative service centres in Ukraine. It was concluded that the first step of Ukraine towards creating its information society through the introduction of e-governance should be the establishment of a market for administrative and information electronic services.

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5.
Yaroshenko, O. M..
    The impact of COVID-19 on labour and social security relations: Rule-making experience of Belarus and Ukraine [Текст] = Вплив COVID-19 на трудові і соціально-забезпечувальні відносини: нормотворчий досвід Білорусі та України / O. M. Yaroshenko, K. L. Tomashevski // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 211-221
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.211-221

Аннотация: The article presents a brief analysis of the situation in Belarus and Ukraine with the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 and measures taken by employers to optimise labour and social security relations during 2020. A brief overview of the decisions taken by Presidents, Parliaments, Governments and Ministry of Healthcare of both countries aimed at containment of coronavirus infection is presented. The latest changes in the Labour Code of Belarus and Labour Code of Ukraine, which regulated remote work since 2020, were touched upon. Attention is paid to the concept of self-isolation under the legislation of Belarus and Ukraine, restrictive measures that must be observed when self-isolating citizens in connection with COVID-19 infection, as well as level 1st and 2nd contacts. The authors analyse the new legislative provisions governing home and remote work, introduced into the labour legislation in Belarus in 2020, in Ukraine in 2020 and 2021. The article presents the specific experience of Belarus, where the presidential decree extended the rights of employers to temporarily transfer employees without their consent, as well as to change essential working conditions, and without making changes to the Labour Code. The authors give an assessment of such legislative innovations. The article deals with some issues of social support for employees who find themselves in a situation of downtime due to the suspension of the activities of organisations that are idle, as well as self-isolation. At the end of the article, some suggestions and recommendations are made for further adaptation of labour and social security legislation in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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6.
Zhuravel, V. A..
    Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities [Текст] = Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії / V. A. Zhuravel, V. E. Konovalova, G. K. Avdeyeva // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 252-261
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.252-261

Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.

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7.
Karpachova, N. I..
    Modern challenges to international security and protection of human rights (international and ukrainian context) [Текст] = Сучасні виклики міжнародній безпеці та захисту прав людини (міжнародний та український контекст) / N. I. Karpachova // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 25-33
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.25-33

Аннотация: At the moment, two mechanisms for protecting human rights can be distinguished in Ukraine: an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights at the international level and an appeal to the Commissioner for Human Rights at the national level. Therewith, the activity of the ombudsman constitutes the state’s performance of its obligations at the international level to ensure the national mechanism for the protection of human rights. In Ukraine, the Ombudsman acts according to the model of the classic parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights. In addition, along with the parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights, which has a constitutional status, there are government commissioners (“quasi-ombudsmen”) in Ukraine, whose activities do not have a special status and can be terminated at the will of the government at any time. Considering the above, the purpose of this study lies in a comprehensive analysis of modern challenges to international security and the impact of these factors on the observance of human rights in Ukraine (using the methods of both international law and classical legal methodology), as well as studying the role of the ombudsman in this process. The analysis allowed to conclude that the causes of human rights violations lie not only in the country’s problems, but are also the consequences of global processes. A huge challenge to the rights and freedoms in Ukraine is the intensifying poverty of the population, which in itself is a violation of human rights and allows to exercise all other rights. Furthermore, the hostilities in the Donbas region led to gross, massive, and systematic violations of human rights: residents of the front-line territories were faced with two challenges at once – the danger that arises due to the impossibility of ensuring security in the immediate vicinity of the war zone and the increasing risks of poverty.

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8.
Loboichenko, V. .
    Investigation of the content of heavy metals in water sources of Kharkiv City, Ukraine [Текст] / V. Loboichenko, K. O. Zakomorna, O. Ilinskyi, N. Leonova, A. Malko, R. Shevchenko // Current Applied Science and Technology. - 2022. - Vol. 22: Iss. 2. - P. 1-14
   Перевод заглавия: Дослідження вмісту важких металів у водних джерелах міста Харкова, Україна
УДК

Аннотация: The negative impact of the anthropogenic factor on water bodies, including those ones located within urban ecosystems is analyzed in this paper. The legislative support of the specific requirements for water quality in different countries is considered. The purpose of the work is to investigate the qualitative and quantitative state of water from individual sources located in an urban ecosystem and determine its suitability for the consumption. The Shatylovskу spring, the Karpovsky spring, the spring near the Nemyshlya river, located within the Kharkіv city (Ukraine), were researched. Heavy metal identification was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that all samples contained basically the same set of basic elements - strontium, copper, iron and chromium. Individual differences were associated with the presence of different amounts of tungsten, zinc, gallium, selenium, bromine, etc. in all samples. It was found that in the samples, the lead content reached 0.015 mg/dm3 (Karpovsky spring), nickel 0.007 mg/dm3 (Shatylovskу spring), and manganese 0.205 mg/dm3 (the spring near the Nemyshlya river). The copper content ranged from 0.029 to 0.154 mg/dm3, iron from 0.041 to 0.456 mg/dm3, and chromium from 0.015 to 0.065 mg/dm3. The obtained results make it possible to more efficiently manage water resources within the urban systems studied and indicate the need for additional water purification of all natural sources studied before using the water from those sources for drinking purposes.

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9.
Maryniv, V. I..
    Criminal and criminal proceeding protection of intellectual property rights [Text] / V. I. Maryniv, M. I. Demura // Science and Innovation. - 2021. - Vol. 17, Iss. 2. - p. 84-93
   Перевод заглавия: Кримінальний та кримінально-процесуальний захист прав інтелектуальної власності
ББК Х629.3
РУБ DOI 10.15407/scine17.02.084

Аннотация: Introduction. The right to the protection of intellectual property arises from its owner at the moment of breach or contestation of his rights and interests protected by law and is realized within the framework of civil, criminal, and administrative legal relations. Problem Statement. While exercising the right to protect intellectual property in the field of criminal law and criminal proceedings, there arises the problem of guaranteeing individual rights. Purpose. The purpose is study the guarantees of individual rights, which are realized in the course of protecting intellectual property rights in criminal proceedings. Materials and methods. The research is based on the legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts; it involves methodological, dialectical, systemic, logical methods, as well as the method of comparative law. Results. Identified guarantees to ensure the rights of the offended party of a criminal offense related to breach of intellectual property rights. Conclusions. Specific guarantees for securing the rights of offended party whose intellectual property rights are infringed include as follows: 1) the offended party is entitle to file a statement of offense, to file a civil lawsuit for damage caused by a criminal offense, to make a conciliation agreement; 2) the exercise by the offended party of his right to file a statement of offense committed against him gives rise to a legal consequence that is the opening of criminal proceedings; 3) investigator/prosecutor shall record the relevant information to the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigations, to initiate an investigation; the court shall handle a civil lawsuit, award judgment on it, and perform other responsibilities to secure the offended party's rights; 4) the criminal procedure law establishes responsibility for failure to fulfill obligations related to guaranteeing the rights and legitimate interests of parties of criminal proceedings.

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10.
Lukyanov, D. V..
    Prospects for recodification of private international law in ukraine: Do conflict-of-laws rules require a new haven? [Text] = Перспективи рекодифікації міжнародного приватного права в Україні: чи потребують колізійні норми нового прихистку? / D. V. Lukyanov, T. Hoffmann, I. A. Shumilo // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p. 198-210
ББК Х93
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.198-210

Аннотация: The purpose of the study was to investigate the areas of modernisation of legislation governing private relations of a cross-border nature, proposed by the authors of the draft concept of updating (recodification) of the Civil Code of Ukraine (the CCU), and generalise foreign and international legal experience in developing acts of codification of private international law. The authors of the study considered private international law as a most dynamically developing branch due to the constant expansion of cross-border relations and requirements for constant updating and adaptation to the requirements of international civil turnover. The paper analysed the general factors and prerequisites for the recodification of private international law, comprehensively examined the expediency of abandoning autonomous codification and transferring conflict-of-law rules to the CCU. The study focused on current European experience and assessment of the impact of EU regulations on the national codifications of private international law of member states and third countries. To assess the idea of restoring the status of the CCU as a core act governing all public relations with private law content, the authors of the study addressed the negative consequences of interbranch codification of private international law in a number of post-Soviet countries. The paper proved that European states are dominated by the tendency to adopt consolidated acts of codification in this area and recognise the priority of unified international legal acts governing certain types of cross-border private relations. Based on the analysis, it is justified to conclude that the world has currently accumulated considerable experience in law-making in the area of private international law and the most effective is a comprehensive autonomous codification of conflict-of-laws rules, which is based on the priority of unified international acts and the widespread use of direct references to international agreements. While agreeing in general with the proposed changes regarding the content update of conflict-of-laws regulation, the authors emphasised the need to improve and develop conceptual approaches.

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава