Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Yarotskiy, V. L..
    System signs of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the republic of poland [Текст] = Системні ознаки нормативно-правового регулювання охорони праці у Республіці Польща / V. L. Yarotskiy, Y. D. Dreval, S. O. Zaika // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P. 238-247
УДК
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.238-247

Аннотация: The study analyses the question of the essence and structure of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland. The relevance of the subject under study is primarily explained by the fact that in Poland, against the background of undoubted economic success, there is an intensive process of improving the legal and organisational foundations of the corresponding range of social and labour relations. The study of this issue is of paramount importance for those countries that had approximately the same “starting conditions” with Poland – the recurrence of state socialism, which devalued the principles of a market economy and the possibility of full protection of working people. The purpose of this study is to present and substantiate the systemic features of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland in difficult present-day conditions. The study is based on understanding the methodology as a complex integrated system of perception of reality and scientific cognition, and conducted based on the necessary scope of methods, namely: method of system analysis, historical legal method, structural-functional method, comparison method, special comparative legal method, and cross-temporal analysis. The authors of the present paper noted that the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Poland has all the features of systemic nature. Most importantly, this is explained by the harmonious correlation of two components: purely statutory and legal support of the corresponding share of social and labour relations. Notably, the statutory regulation of occupational health and safety is undergoing continuous improvement depending on current challenges and threats. For countries that have been united with Poland in the recent past in the form of state socialism, the experience of establishing the work of tripartite participants in social dialogue (government agencies, employers' and workers' representatives) is also important. The scientific value of the present paper primarily lies in the necessity and feasibility of analysing the systemic features of statutory regulation of occupational health and safety. In this case, it is important to use both the method of system analysis and a clear distinction between the concepts “system research” and “research of systems” (the latter in this case appears both as a system of legal regulation of occupational health and safety and as a complex set of public authorities and other organisations involved in the important task of ensuring due occupational health and safety).

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2.
Getman, A. P..
    International legal environmental protection: historical aspect [Текст] = Proteccion ambiental legal internacional: aspecto historico / A. P. Getman, O. G. Danilyan, O. P. Dzeban, Y. Y. Kalynovskyi // Revista Notas Historicas y Geograficas. - 2021. - No 27, Julio - Diciembre. - P. 389-413
   Перевод заглавия: Міжнародно-правова охорона навколишнього середовища: історичний аспект
УДК

Аннотация: The article considers the development of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection in the historical aspect. The genesis of the emergence of environmental problems and their assessment by the scientific community are analyzed. The historical stages of the formation of the system of international legal environmental protection, its goals, principles and main tasks are examined. Particular attention is paid to international, regional and bilateral treaties that regulate international cooperation in the field of environmental protection. The role of the United Nations in this process is focused. The place of international organizations in solving environmental problems is shown.

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3.
Zyma, O. T..
    Search for the optimal model of institutional capacity to counteract infectious threats in the modern world [Text] / O. T. Zyma, O. M. Soloviova, I. V. Boiko, V. A. Somina, Y. V. Mekh // International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering. - 2021. - Vol. 15. - p. 342-349
   Перевод заглавия: Пошук оптимальної моделі інституційного потенціалу для протидії інфекційним загрозам у сучасному світі
ББК Х621.1
РУБ DOI 10.46300/91011.2021.15.41

Аннотация: Epidemiological surveillance of public health is an important tool for protection against viral and infectious diseases, both at the national and international levels. Its key role is played by such components as prevention, sanitary protection, compulsory vaccination, audit of the epidemic situation, special anti-epidemic measures, etc. Their implementation requires a systematic approach, which can only be ensured by professional, balanced, and scientifically sound public administration in the field of public health, including on the international scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a number of issues related to public administration in healthcare and epidemiological surveillance. In this article, the authors analyse the world experience of building systems that ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being, and try to assess its impact on the effectiveness of counteracting epidemiological threats. In the course of the study, the authors investigated the structure of the system of anti-epidemic and sanitary bodies of more than forty countries of the world. The authors have left out countries with a small population (because they are characterised by universalisation, multifunctionality of public administration entities) and countries whose statistics on the spread of COVID-19 are questionable. For others, it was possible to identify three main approaches to building a system of sanitary and anti-epidemic bodies and to propose appropriate models of the institutional mechanism of public administration in the field of epidemiological well-being.

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4.
Yermolaieva, T. .
    Some aspects of environmental rights protection [Text] / T. Yermolaieva, А. Plyokhova // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p. 198-204
   Перевод заглавия: Деякі аспекти захисту екологічних прав
ББК Х625.80
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000079

Аннотация: This note addresses some aspects of the basic principles of environmental rights protection and ECtHR practice. In particular, it analyses the new directions for environmental rights protection that the ECtHR gave us in Tătar v Romania. Some inconsistency of the ECtHR is highlighted since the case-law of environmental principles varies. Significant and important steps towards recognising the importance of procedural rights associated with public participation as this principle are indicated in international environmental law more generally. On the other hand, the Court’s more recent forays into the territory of other environmental principles – particularly that of the precautionary principle – suggests that the Court is less eager to develop its extensive environmental case-law considering the principle of precaution.

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5.
Mykhailichenko, T. O..
    Medical confidentiality disclosure in conditions of epidemic threats. [Text] / T. O. Mykhailichenko, O. P. Horpyniuk, V. Y. Rak // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2877-2883
   Перевод заглавия: Pозкриття медичної конфіденційності в умовах епідемічної загрози
УДК
РУБ PMID: 35029549 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111203

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To establish public opinion on the limits of medical confidentiality in an epidemic and the widespread use of applications that contain personal data, including those regarding health, to understand the possibility of changing the paradigm of public policy to protect medical confidentiality in an exacerbation of the epidemic situation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This research is based on regulatory acts, scientific articles, and opinions of both medical workers and ordinary citizens of Poland, Germany, and Ukraine, judicial practice, doctrinal ideas, and views on this issue. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive, statistical, and generalization. RESULTS: Results: the results of a survey of residents of Poland, Germany, and Ukraine showed that one of the pandemic consequences was that a significant number of respondents were willing to partially renounce the right to medical confidentiality in the face of exacerbating epidemic threats to reduce the number of infected. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In the face of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, nations worldwide have faced the challenge of respecting the right to privacy, particularly in terms of medical confidentiality. Virtual methods of patient communication with healthcare professionals use mobile electronic services (applications), and other new technologies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the issue of understanding the boundaries of medical confidentiality and personal data protection. In order to maintain an effective balance between human rights and public health, the mass collection and storage of sensitive personal data must take place following the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. At the same time, it is expedient to recommend states to specify specific provisions of this Regulation in order to avoid an expanded interpretation of certain of its provisions.

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6.
Sannikov, D. .
    Agricultural Land Use in Ukraine: Ensuring and Implementing the Right to a Safe Environment [Текст] / D. Sannikov, V. Kovtun, M. Kovtun, T. Terekhova, K. Ohanova // Scientific Horizons. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Iss. 9. - P. 86-92
   Перевод заглавия: Використання сільськогосподарських земель в Україні: забезпечення та реалізація права на безпечне довкілля
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.48077/scihor.24(9).2021.86-92

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7.
Sannikov, D. .
    Legal Issues of Agricultural Land Use by Owners and Workers [Текст] / D. Sannikov, Y. Yaryhina, S. Khominets // Scientific Horizons. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Iss. 11. - P. 101-107
   Перевод заглавия: Правові проблеми використання сільськогосподарських земель власниками та найманими працівниками
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.48077/scihor.24(11).2021.101-107

Аннотация: The study investigates the problems of compliance with the legislative requirements in the use of agricultural land in Ukraine, depending on who directly extracts useful properties from such land plots: employees of agricultural enterprises, or the owners of these lands - farmers, members of agricultural cooperatives, citizens who engaging in agricultural production activities individually. The article provides examples of the impact of the activities of workers and the labour of agricultural landowners on the state of land use, compliance with environmental safety requirements, deterioration, and improvement of the quality of land plots. Research of legal issues of targeted, rational, and efficient use of land plots, ensuring the requirements for the preservation of the natural environment, biological diversity and ecosystems contained in the study, provide an opportunity to draw certain conclusions, the essence of which comes down to the fact that the current state of legal relations concerning the use of land plots by employees and landowners needs to be reformed. This is conditioned upon the fact that employees are not motivated to improve the quality of land and its soils, comply with environmental safety requirements, and preserve biological diversity in ecosystems that include the corresponding land plots. Since the main motivation is to obtain a certain benefit, and sanctions for non-compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of land protection are inefficient, the use of hired labour in agriculture is often described as a negligent and mindless attitude towards land use and ensuring environmental safety. But the owner or user of a land plot that uses it as a farmer, cooperative member, entrepreneur, etc., is motivated not only to make a profit at a given time, but also to improve its quality characteristics, ensure environmental safety, and preserve ecosystem biological diversity, since this is a factor in the stability of obtaining profits from agricultural activities performed on a certain site and in the future.

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8.
Batyrgareieva, V. S..
    Victimological risks for road users as an element of public health [Текст] / V. S. Batyrgareieva, A. V. Kalinina, K. O. Poltava // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2922-2927
   Перевод заглавия: Віктимологічні ризики для учасників дорожнього руху як елемент здоров’я населення
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111211 + PMID: 35029557

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: This article aims to analyze the statistics of road accidents victims in Ukraine in general and the level of criminal offenses’ against traffic safety and transport operation victims, in particular, to consider the main victimological risks for road users and provide them with a public health approach. Materials and methods: The theoretical basis of the article is specialized literature on law, economics, and sociology. The empirical basis of the research was the materials of generalization of more than 1,000 criminal proceedings under Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the results of a survey of Ukrainian citizens on the state of road safety in Ukraine. Results: According to the results of an empirical study, in terms of role, pedestrians clearly predominate among the victims (59.6%), while every fourth victim is a passenger of a vehicle. Driver victims are only 14.6% of the total number. Victimological risk on the roads is the probability of becoming a victim and suffering damage to one’s life and health from criminal offenses against traffic safety and operation of transport. For each of the categories of victims there are both general and specific victimological risks. The causes of accidents can be grouped by the source of danger in the triangle “person – mechanism – road”. Conclusions:The most dangerous and widespread victimological risks for road users in Ukraine are speeding and maneuvering, drunk driving, parking violations, poor road infrastructure, physiological and psychological characteristics of road users, low professional skills of drivers, etc.

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9.
Anisimova, H. V..
    Environmental offences and environmental protection: theoretical and applied aspects [Текст] / H. V. Anisimova, M. Smoliarchuk, K. Horetska, R. Butynska // International Journal of Agricultural Extension. - 2021. - Vol. 9, Spec. Iss. 2. - P. 1-10
   Перевод заглавия: Екологічні правопорушення та охорона навколишнього середовища: теоретичні та прикладні аспекти
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33687/ijae.009.00.3956

Аннотация: The peculiarities of protection of environmental law and order derive from the interplay of international and national law in the field of protection of Ukraine's unique ecosystem, compliance with which is a must for accession to the European Union. The purpose of this study is to analyse the doctrinal and legal aspects of environmental protection and to identify the main trends in ensuring environmental law and order by bringing individuals to legal liability. The main methods used in the study of environmental offences and environmental protection are the method of observation, empirical description, and experimentation. Environmental legal liability is manifested in conventional forms of legal liability: Criminal, administrative, disciplinary, civil. The distinction between environmental offences and other offences involving components of the natural environment is made to the object of the infringement and its social role in various social relations, which may involve the same elements of nature. The most crucial objectives of the state authorities are to implement a set of legal, organisational measures designed to improve environmental protection activities and to increase the effectiveness of the application of criminal and legal norms to combat environmental crime in society and the state in general. The main priority is to improve environmental legislation in line with the international obligations of the state in the field of environmental protection. The material in this study is of practical value for the Ukrainian state given the reverse course of our state towards European integration.

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10.
Getman, A. P..
    Human life and health as an object of environmental law in the globalised world [Текст] = Життя та здоров’я людини як об’єкт екологічного права у глобалізованому світі / A. P. Getman // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P. 189-200
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.27(1).2020.189-200

Аннотация: The article examines the issues of legal protection of human life and health in the latest globalisation processes, which have covered all spheres of political, economic, financial, social, geographical and cultural life and are becoming a basic factor of humanity on the planet. These processes set new trends in the ecological development of the state, redefine the problems of environmental security due to the changing nature of the challenges and threats facing humanity. The unfavourable state of the environment and the need to ensure environmental safety require the adoption of adequate legal, organisational and other measures. It is believed that in these conditions a human, his life and health should be at the centre of the mechanism of legal regulation of protection and defence, environmental safety, especially the establishment of the legal status of citizens affected by the negative consequences of environmental danger and guarantees of such citizens. The state has a number of obligations to human to create conditions for his “environmental comfort”. Such obligations should be reflected in the environmental legislation of the respective states. Recently, urban areas have been becoming threatening, the uncontrolled expansion of which inevitably leads to disruption of the normal functioning of the biogeotic cover of the planet, and consequently - a negative impact on health and life of mankind and especially that part of it living in large cities or other cities. It turns out that the general unfavourable state of the environment makes new demands on environmental security, which in the context of globalisation and internalisation of environmental problems is becoming a dominant factor in global security, as the environmental situation worsens, requiring effective policies to improve it. © 2020, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. All rights reserved.

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