Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Kravtsov, S. .
    The validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement: Issues and solutions [Текст] / S. Kravtsov, O. Surzhenko, N. Golubeva // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 4. - P. 116-130
   Перевод заглавия: Чинність, ефективність та можливість виконання арбітражної угоди: проблеми та рішення
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-n000088

Аннотация: The main reason for dispute in international commercial arbitration is the existence of an arbitration agreement concluded between the parties to a foreign trade agreement. The procedure of dispute resolution in international commercial arbitration will depend on the extent to which this arbitration agreement is concluded correctly in accordance with the norms of international and national law. Quite often, in the law enforcement activities of both national courts and arbitrations, there are questions about the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement. In different countries, this issue is addressed ambiguously. In one case, national law takes precedence, and, accordingly, national courts are empowered to consider the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement. In other cases, however, the autonomy of the arbitration agreement is a priority aspect of the consideration of any procedural issues by international commercial arbitration as the only and indisputable body authorised by the parties to the foreign trade agreement to consider a particular dispute. The article analyses doctrinal and legislative approaches to this issue, in which the authors come to the logical conclusion that national courts do not consider the validity, effectiveness, and enforceability of an arbitration agreement.

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2.
Pavlenko, T. A..
    Prospects of euthanasia legal regulation in Ukraine [Текст] / T. A. Pavlenko, T. Ye. Dunaieva, M. Yu. Valuiska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Issue:10. - P. 2289-2294
   Перевод заглавия: Перспективы правового регулирования эвтаназии в Украине
УДК
ББК Х623.211.84
РУБ PubMed ID:33310965

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to explore the ways of euthanasia regulation and to propose the most effective one. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors of the article used the methods of analysis and synthesis, a comparative legal method. The scientific literature is evaluated and analyzed along with the experience of European countries, data of Ukrainian and international organizations and the results of scientific researches. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: the understanding of euthanasia should be reviewed in terms of the possibility in exceptional cases of its executing for terminally ill person. This is an inherent human right. However, it is established that the right to dispose of his life belongs exclusively to the bearer of this right and it cannot be delegated.

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3.
Prytyka, Y. .
    Reforming the legislation on the international commercial arbitration of ukraine: Realities or myths [Text] / Y. Prytyka, V. Komarov, S. Kravtsov // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p. 117-128
   Перевод заглавия: Реформування законодавства про міжнародний комерційний арбітраж України: реалії чи міфи
ББК Х939.4 + Х629.221
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000074

Аннотация: International commercial arbitration (ICA) is an alternative way to resolve foreign economic disputes. Initially, arbitration itself was seen as a neutral court in which the parties to the dispute were independent of national courts. Arbitration agreements and decisions must be recognised by national courts without any complications or review procedures. Although granting commercial parties some independence to agree that their dispute will be considered by independent arbitrators is a key principle in ICA, the struggle for supremacy between national laws and national courts on the one hand and the autonomy of the parties and the independence of the international arbitration system on the other continue. Over the years, national laws have sought to control, regulate, interfere with, or support ICA in various ways. To counter attempts to ‘localise’ ICA and promote equality in this area, private, professional institutions and international and intergovernmental organisations have developed a significant body of law designed to ensure self-government and dispute settlement procedures in ICA. Nevertheless, international commercial arbitration cannot exist independently of national jurisdictions. Examining the activities of ICA, it can be seen that the importance and impact of national arbitration laws and national judicial supervision are significantly reduced, but the lex fori still plays an important role in arbitration. Thus, the reform of the normative regulation of international arbitration also affected Ukraine. The article analyses the radical changes proposed by the legislator regarding the procedure for establishing institutional arbitrations, expanding the arbitrability of disputes.

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4.
Yevseiev, S. .
    Development of a method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems based on the Lotka–Volterra model [Text] / S. Yevseiev, S. Pohasii, S. Milevskyi, O. Milov, Y. Melenti, I. Grod, D. Berestov, R. Fedorenko, O. Kurchenko // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. - 2021. - Vol. 5, No. 9 (113). - P. 30-47
   Перевод заглавия: Разработка метода оценки безопасности киберфизических систем на основе модели Лотки–Вольтерры
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.241638

Аннотация: The paper presents the results of the development of a method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems based on the Lotka-Volterra model. Security models of cyber-physical systems are proposed: “predator-prey” taking into account the computing capabilities and focus of targeted cyberattacks, “predator-prey” taking into account the possible competition of attackers in relation to the “prey”, “predato-prey” taking into account the relationships between “prey species” and “predator species”, “predator-prey” taking into account the relationship between “prey species” and “predator species”. Based on the proposed approach, the coefficients of the Lotka-Volterra model α=0.39, β=0.32, γ=0.29, φ=0.27 were obtained, which take into account the synergy and hybridity of modern threats, funding for the formation and improvement of the protection system, and also allow determining the financial and computing capabilities of the attacker based on the identified threats. The proposed method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems is based on the developed threat classifier, allows assessing the current security level and provides recommendations regarding the allocation of limited protection resources based on an expert assessment of known threats. This approach allows offline dynamic simulation, which makes it possible to timely determine attackers' capabilities and form preventive protection measures based on threat analysis. In the simulation, actual bases for assessing real threats and incidents in cyberphysical systems can be used, which allows an expert assessment of their impact on both individual security services and security components (cyber security, information security and security of information). The presented simulation results do not contradict the graphical results of the classical Lotka-Volterra model, which indicates the adequacy of the proposed approach for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems.

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5.
Donets, O. .
    Instituting principles for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes in the context of ensuring and protecting fundamental human rights [Text] / O. Donets // Access to justice in eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 4. - P. 82-89
   Перевод заглавия: Запровадження принципів відтворення (відновлення) природних ресурсів і комплексів у контексті забезпечення та захисту основних прав людини
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-a000085

Аннотация: This article is devoted to the study of instituting principles for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes in the context of ensuring and protecting fundamental human rights. The paper analyses these principles and proposes dividing them into four groups according to their functional purpose: system-forming, organisational, preventive, and that of economic direction. The principle of legal provision for the ecosystem approach to the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes and the 'net gain' principle are of particular interest in the system for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes. These two principles should be considered the most important ones and be the basis for the following: organising and implementing measures for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes; recovering and improving the quality of ecosystems; preventing and eliminating harmful economic impacts on the environment and human health; ensuring the sustainable functioning of ecosystems by indissolubly linking and balancing all environmental objects. It is established that instituting principles for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes are universal regulations of positive law, generally influencing the formation of state environmental policy and law-making, as well as litigation in Ukraine that is concerns environmental law principles.

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6.
Tkachenko, Y. .
    The protection of the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine: Theory and practice [Text] / Y. Tkachenko, I. Dakhova, Z. Zazuliak // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 4. - P. 146-162
   Перевод заглавия: Захист прав національних меншин та корінних народів в Україні: теорія і практика
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-n000090

Аннотация: This note is focused on the problems of ensuring the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine. These issues are considered in accordance with theoretical approaches in the social sciences, as well as the practice of protecting the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in Ukraine. Court decisions on discrimination against the rights of these vulnerable groups are analysed. The research is aimed at the scientific search for ways to improve the legal regulation of national-ethnic relations to ensure the rights of national minorities and groups. In accordance with a comprehensive theoretical and practical approach, an analysis of Ukrainian legislation and case-law on the protection of the rights of national minorities and indigenous people is given. Problems of ensuring the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples are revealed. Some promising legislative improvements are proposed to eliminate violations and ensure the rights of these groups.

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7.
Kabalskyi, R. .
    Does normativity contribute to the effective protection of rights? Reflections on the concept of normativity in the modern ukrainian doctrine of law [Text] / R. Kabalskyi, O. Shevchyk // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 2. - p. 155-169
   Перевод заглавия: Чи сприяє нормативність ефективному захисту прав? Роздуми над концепцією нормативності в сучасній українській правовій доктрині
ББК Х06
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000081

Аннотация: Normativity is considered the basis for the implementation of social regulation. However, this regulation of social relations must be organised and have a positive impact on the development of society. Normativity is considered to be the primary, original property of social reality due to the natural demand for establishing order and its integral ability for self-organisation. The integration of elements into a balanced system is carried out through their coordinated interactions, resulting in something new, which has a unique integrative quality, provided that this quality was absent before their integration into the system. At the same time, nowadays, the phenomenon of normativity is studied mostly from traditional positions. A number of well-known works that raise the issue of normativity were written in the middle of the last century under conditions of an ideological monopoly and are unlikely to enrich the modern understanding of the normative nature of law. Today, in the Ukrainian scholarly literature, because of Soviet remnants, only the formal (positive-empirical) side of normativity is being assessed, which leads to it being replaced by the concept of state coercion. In general, this leads to the spread and dominance of extremely negative phenomena in Ukrainian society, among which the total non-enforcement of court decisions is worth mentioning. The solution to this problem cannot simply be improving coercive measures of the state alone – there must be changes to understanding the rule of law and, in particular, the nature of normativity. The analysis of the method of objectification (formation) of the due diligence of law will significantly contribute to targeting this problem because the latter is not solely derived from the dictates of the state (or the empirical phenomena). However, the key focus is finding the answer to one of the most important questions of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law, namely: ‘Why should a person obey the law?’. Thus, we are highly motivated to initiate a philosophical and legal rethinking of approaches to the normativity of law and the legitimation of state and legal processes. This article is an attempt to target a discussion in this sphere.

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8.
Korniyenko, G. .
    Peculiarities of legal reform of land relations in the conditions of land market formation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and development of their financial and credit institutions [Текст] / G. Korniyenko, Y. Bakai, K. M. Pilkov, I. Novosad // Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Spec. Iss. 1. - P. 1-9
   Перевод заглавия: Особливості правової реформи земельних відносин в умовах становлення ринку землі в країнах Центральної і Східної Європи і розвитку їх фінансово-кредитних інститутів
УДК

Аннотация: A study of land reforms in Central and Eastern Europe, which, in fact, was launched simultaneously in the late twentieth century in Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Moldova, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Germany, Slovenia, Ukraine and so far hasn’t been finished in any of these countries, is a relevant issue not only in terms of a comparative analysis of the land market reforming rate, its transparency, but also from the perspective of the peculiarities of support of such reforms by banking financial institutions, which were being created in these countries on the move of reforms. Land banks, cooperative banks, credit unions had, in fact, become the financial locomotives that led to the reforms of the entire agro-industrial complex in these countries. Ownership, the price of rent and its area, a reasonable balance between private and public interests - these and other issues have been the subject of this article.

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9.
Yevseiev, S. .
    Development of a Concept for Building a Critical Infrastructure Facilities Security System [Text] / S. Yevseiev, Y. Melenti, O. Voitko, V. Hrebeniuk, A. Korchenko, S. Mykus, O. Milov, O. Prokopenko, O. Sievierinov, D. Chopenko // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. - 2021. - Vol. 3. - P. 63-83
   Перевод заглавия: Розробка концепції побудови системи безпеки об'єктів критичної інфраструктури
ББК Х621.162
РУБ DOI 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233533

Аннотация: To effectively protect critical infrastructure facilities (CIF), it is important to understand the focus of cybersecurity efforts. The concept of building security systems based on a variety of models describing various CIF functioning aspects is presented. The development of the concept is presented as a sequence of solving the following tasks. The basic concepts related to cyberattacks on CIF were determined, which make it possible to outline the boundaries of the problem and determine the level of formalization of the modeling processes. The proposed threat model takes into account possible synergistic/emergent features of the integration of modern target threats and their hybridity. A unified threat base that does not depend on CIF was formed. The concept of modeling the CIF security system was developed based on models of various classes and levels. A method to determine attacker's capabilities was developed. A concept for assessing the CIF security was developed, which allows forming a unified threat base, assessing the signs of their synergy and hybridity, identifying critical CIF points, determining compliance with regulatory requirements and the state of the security system. The mathematical tool and a variety of basic models of the concept can be used for all CIFs, which makes it possible to unify preventive measures and increase the security level. It is proposed to use post-quantum cryptography algorithms on crypto-code structures to provide security services. The proposed mechanisms provide the required stability (230–235 group operations), the rate of cryptographic transformation is comparable to block-symmetric ciphers (BSC) and reliability (Perr 10–9–10–12)

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10.
Khotynska-Nor, O. .
    Limits of a judge’s freedom of expressing his/her own opinion: The Ukrainian context and ecthr practice [Text] / O. Khotynska-Nor, L. Moskvych // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p. 170-180
   Перевод заглавия: Обмеження свободи судді висловлювати свою власну думку: український контекст та практика тощо
ББК Х629.01
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000077

Аннотация: This paper examines the degree of permissible interference with a judge’s freedom of expressing his/her own opinion and convictions. A question is raised about the limits of a judge’s freedom of expression and discretion of the state in establishing his/her communicative behaviour, taking into account the established practice of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter ECtHR, the Court). Understanding these limits is important not only for individual judges but also for society as a whole, as restrictions on freedom of expression may affect the state’s perception of the rule of law. Systematic analysis of the key documents that regulate the issue of freedom of expression of a judge in Ukraine allows us to identify several spheres of imperative regulation of a judge’s behaviour in the context of communicative activity: during the administration of justice (in court procedure); in public speeches, particularly in the media; during the implementation of other activities not prohibited for the judge – literary, scientific, educational; during Internet communication; in everyday life. ECtHR case-law in the context of assessing the limits of a judge’s freedom of expressing one’s opinion develops in two directions. In the first, the judge’s freedom is considered in the context of Art. 10 (freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, freedom of expression, and freedom of assembly and association) of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter ECHR, the Convention). In the second, the right to freedom of expression is limited to the right to a fair trial of others (in the context of impartiality and independence of a court within the meaning of Art. 6 of the ECHR). In general, the matter of judicial evaluation was the statements of judges concerning cases that were in their proceedings; those criticising judicial reform measures and other administrative actions; those which criticised their colleagues. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that, despite the different preconditions, different circumstances, and varying implementation reflections, the freedom of a judge to express his/ her opinion is limited by his/her special status as a state servant (in a broad sense). Where the boundary is in a particular case should be determined by considering the specific circumstances. However, national law enforcement authorities must develop their own criteria for assessing the balance of public and private interests in a judge’s communicative behaviour.

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11.
Yermolaieva, T. .
    Some aspects of environmental rights protection [Text] / T. Yermolaieva, А. Plyokhova // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p. 198-204
   Перевод заглавия: Деякі аспекти захисту екологічних прав
ББК Х625.80
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000079

Аннотация: This note addresses some aspects of the basic principles of environmental rights protection and ECtHR practice. In particular, it analyses the new directions for environmental rights protection that the ECtHR gave us in Tătar v Romania. Some inconsistency of the ECtHR is highlighted since the case-law of environmental principles varies. Significant and important steps towards recognising the importance of procedural rights associated with public participation as this principle are indicated in international environmental law more generally. On the other hand, the Court’s more recent forays into the territory of other environmental principles – particularly that of the precautionary principle – suggests that the Court is less eager to develop its extensive environmental case-law considering the principle of precaution.

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12.
Drozdov, O. .
    Mediation and court in Ukraine: Perspectives on interaction and mutual understanding [Text] / O. Drozdov, O. Rozhnov, V. Mamnitskiy // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 3. - p. 181-190
   Перевод заглавия: Медіація та суд в Україні: перспективи взаємодії та взаєморозуміння
ББК Х629.01
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000082

Аннотация: In this note, the authors identify some problems concerning the introduction of mediation in Ukraine in terms of its use in the consideration and resolution of court cases. Despite the lack of clear legal regulation for mediation, courts in Ukraine still try to use this mechanism of pre-trial dispute resolution. Particular attention is paid to the law enforcement activities of courts in criminal and administrative cases, in which courts try to equate the conciliation procedure with the mediation procedure. These approaches clearly follow from the Resolutions and Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and the settled case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) since, back in 1975, the ECtHR in its decision Golder v. The United Kingdom ruled that it is unlikely that the rule of law can be imagined without access to justice. However, the presumption that the courts are the main institution for resolving disputes continues to be undermined by the proliferation of alternative forms of dispute resolution, both agreement-based and judicial.

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13.
Slinko, T. .
    The rule of law principle in the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine [Текст] / T. Slinko, L. Letnianchyn, L. Bayrachna, Y. Tkachenko // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 165-177
   Перевод заглавия: Принцип верховенства права в правовых позициях конституционного суда Украины
РУБ DOI 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000099

Аннотация: Background: The Constitutional Court of Ukraine and courts of general jurisdiction play one of the main roles in the application of the rule of law. The article is devoted to the study of the constitutionalisation of the principle of the rule of law, as well as its constituent elements, in particular, the principle of legal certainty, proportionality, and direct action of the Constitution of Ukraine. The article analyses the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the content of the above elements of the rule of law. It is emphasised that the principle of proportionality is fundamental to defining the limits of human rights. The content of this fundamental principle is manifested in the proportionally reasonable relation between the purpose of restricting a certain human right and the means used by the state to limit it. In addition, it is noted that the principle of direct action of the Constitution as an element of the rule of law has limited effect and relates mainly to provisions on human and civil rights and freedoms, as well as the provisions of new procedural codes introducing a novelty, which are generally perceived positively. Methods: The paper used the following methods of analysis and synthesis to examine the main approaches to the definition of the rule of law and its individual elements: the system-structural method, which allowed us to give a structural description of the principle of the rule of law, as well as to analyse the content of its elements, and the logical-legal method, which provided an opportunity to clarify the content of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the interpretation of the rule of law. Results and Conclusions: Theoretical and practical approaches to substantiating the nature of the rule of law and the content of its structural elements in the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine were developed and analysed.

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14.
Korol, V. .
    Elaboration of recommendations on the development of the state internal audit system when applying the digital technologies [Текст] / V. Korol, O. Dmytryk, O. Karpenko, V. Riadinska, O. Basiuk, D. Kobylnik, V. Moroz, O. Safronova, E. Alisov, T. Mishchenko // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. - 2022. - Vol. 1, Iss. 13. - P. 39-48
   Перевод заглавия: Розробка рекомендацій щодо розвитку системи державного внутрішнього аудиту при застосуванні цифрових технологій
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252424

Аннотация: Recommendations for the development of a state internal audit system in conditions of using digital technologies have been elaborated. It was established that the procedures of conducting state internal audits change under influence of digitization. Conformity of the stages of audit digitization and the applied digital technologies was established. Foreign experience in the digitization of the state internal audit was analyzed. It was also established that the active application of artificial intelligence technologies may be one of the probable scenarios of the development of the state internal audit system in foreign countries in the near future. Types of digital technologies were systematized depending on the field of state internal audit. It was found that the maximum effect from the use of digital technologies in the field of audit will take place in the case of their synergistic combination. Coordinated interaction between constituent elements of the state internal audit has been established. This has made it possible to present the process of development of the state internal audit system in conditions of digitization and determine its main objective: ensure greater transparency and efficiency of accounting for tangible assets by means of new digital technologies. Taking into account the above, a mechanism of development of the system of state internal audit in conditions of use of digital technologies was offered. It is based on corresponding directions and measures. It was established that to assess the efficiency of development of the state internal audit system in conditions of application of digital technologies, it is advisable to use the indicators reflecting overall results of measures taken in state financial control. The application of the proposed mechanism will make it possible to establish the effect of digital technologies on the development of the state internal audit.

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15.
Tsuvina, T. .
    Law of Ukraine ‘On mediation’: main achievements and further steps of developing mediation in Ukraine [Текст] / T. Tsuvina, T. Vakhonieva // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 142-153
   Перевод заглавия: Закон України «Про медіацію»: основні досягнення та подальші кроки розвитку медіації в Україні
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000104

Аннотация: Background: Although mediation is considered one of the most popular ways of consensual dispute resolution, for many years, mediation in Ukraine had no legislative regulation. This was one of the obstacles that restrained alternative dispute resolution (ADR) development in Ukraine, even though the mediation community had been growing. Eventually, the Law of Ukraine ‘On mediation’ was adopted on 16 November 2021. Methods: The article is devoted to distinctive features of the new Ukrainian legislative mediation regulation that are decisive for the national mediation model, such as the definition and principle of mediation, its principles and scope, requirements for mediators, etc. Special attention is paid to the perspective and challenges for the mandatory mediation in terms of the provisions of Art. 124 of the Constitution of Ukraine and European standards for access to court (para. 1 Art. 6 of the ECHR). The article addresses organisational and procedural aspects of integrating mediation into judicial proceedings. Different models of integrating mediation into the Ukrainian court system piloted in Ukraine are analysed. The authors define current trends in the development of mediation in Ukraine. Results and Conclusions: The authors conclude that the adoption of the Law ‘On mediation’ contributes to the ADR movement in Ukraine but needs some further steps, such as developing a national model of court mediation, the amendment of procedural legislation introducing a special procedure that would lead to the enforcement of agreements resulting from international mediation in commercial disputes, and the adoption of special regulation for integrating mediation into other jurisdictional activities (notariat, system of legal aid).

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16.
Bazeliuk, V. .
    Peculiarities of Prosecutor Participation in Private Cases: Ukrainian Experience [Текст] / V. Bazeliuk, Y. Demyanenko, O. Maslova // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 203-211
   Перевод заглавия: Особливості участі прокуров у приватних кримінальних справах: український досвід
УДК
РУБ DOI 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000107

Аннотация: Background: Maintaining prosecution in criminal cases in court is a specific function of the prosecutor, which is enshrined in both the Constitution of Ukraine and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. This function should meet not only the objectives of criminal justice but also international standards in the field of criminal justice. Criminal proceedings are divided into public and private, depending on the type of socially dangerous act. And depending on the type of accusation, the functions of the prosecutor in the exercise of their powers are different. Thus, in cases of private prosecution, the participation of the victim is crucial, and his/her refusal to prosecute may be grounds for closing the criminal proceedings. This note related to the study of the innovative approach of the Supreme Court's law enforcement practice shows the active role of the prosecutor in considering these categories of criminal cases in court. Methods: We thoroughly analysed the case-law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, as well as the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and other legislative acts. We also generalised and studied the case-law of Ukrainian courts, as well as recommendations of the CoE and the doctrine of the criminal procedural law of Ukraine. Results and Conclusions: The authors drew several conclusions about various forms of private prosecution with their own specifics, which are manifested in the aspects mentioned in this note.

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17.
Malinovska, I. .
    “Public Order” as Grounds for Refusal in the Recognition and Enforcement of a Decision in International Commercial Arbitration: Ukrainian Realities and International Experience [Текст] / I. Malinovska, N. Yarkina, O. Filiuk // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 154-164
   Перевод заглавия: "Громадський порядок" як підстава для відмови у визнанні та виконання рішення у Міжнародному комерційному арбітражі: українські реалії та міжнародний досвід
УДК
РУБ DOI 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000096

Аннотация: The question of recognition and enforcement of international commercial arbitration (ICA) decisions, as a prototype of a foreign court decision, finds radically opposite answers in different legal systems and in the doctrine of the ICA. Thus, in the Regulation of the Council (EU) 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on the jurisdiction, recognition, and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, formerly the Brussels Convention of 1968 and the Lugano Convention of 1988, the notion of 'arbitration' was excluded from the sphere of execution and recognition of foreign court decisions. Methods: Nevertheless, the procedure for recognising and enforcing an ICA award has a unified approach in many countries around the world. Thus, national courts, when deciding on the recognition and enforcement of an ICA award, are increasingly faced with such problematic issues as the grounds for refusing to recognise and enforce such an award. This article reveals that these grounds for refusing to recognise and enforce the award of the ICA are a violation of public order of the country where the arbitral award is subject to recognition and enforcement. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between 'substantive' and 'procedural' public order and the practical approaches of national courts in some countries to this issue. Results and Conclusions: The authors state that the way to overcome this inconsistency is still a unified approach to understanding 'public order' in all member states of the New York Convention of 1958 and clearer international regulation of this issue.

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18.
Urazova, G. .
    Who is the Owner? Newly Discovered Circumstances and the Principle of Legal Certainty in a Single Case Study [Текст] / G. Urazova, V. Yanyshen, L. Baranova // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2022. - Vol. 5 [не зазначено у Web of Science], Iss. 1 (13). - P. 193-202
   Перевод заглавия: Хто власник? Нововиявлені обставини і принцип правової визначеності на одному прикладі
УДК
РУБ DOI10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000105

Аннотация: Background: The protection of property rights is one of the cornerstones of legal order. If we were uncertain whether ownership would be protected from claims or whether contract obligations would be executed properly, we could not regulate relations effectively. Courts play a crucial role in this mechanism of protecting the owner's rights, giving parties possibilities for defence. This note is related to one of the last judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the focus of which is on newly discovered circumstances and the principle of legal certainty. The facts of this case arose from a property sale contract with a condition, the validity of which led to the consideration of multiple cases by different Ukrainian courts. Methods: In light of the above, an analysis of this ECtHR judgment, as well as the final and interim decisions of Ukrainian courts, with regard to Ukrainian legislation and case law was prepared. The main challenge was the absence of the oldest decisions of national courts in the state register of court decisions, which contains only decisions from 2011. Even so, the facts of this case were described in detail in the latest courts decisions. Results and Conclusions: The following analysis provides an argument against reopening procedure without proper grounds, which lead to the violation of the right to a fair trial in civil procedure in Ukraine.

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19.
Kaplina, O. .
    ECTHR decisions that influenced the criminal procedure of Ukraine [Текст] / O. Kaplina, A. Tumaniants // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 1. - P. 102-121 . - У WoS не зазначено: Vol. 4
   Перевод заглавия: Решения Европейской конвенция о правах человека, влияющие на уголовный процесс Украины
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.1-a000048

Аннотация: As of 2020, 70 years have passed since the day of the adoption of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), which Ukraine ratified in September 1997. It was from this date that the countdown to significant democratic transformations in Ukraine and the establishment of human and civil rights and freedoms began. In this article, the authors raise relevant issues of reforming the criminal process of Ukraine in the context of European standards. The old Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine was adopted in 1960 and was in force for almost half a century. During this time, it became obsolete and bore a significant imprint of the Soviet past, which was manifest in both the bodies that conducted the trial and had primarily repressive powers and the public interests that dominated the rights and legitimate interests of those involved in criminal justice. The conditions under which the first steps aimed at realising the importance of the Convention and the value of human rights enshrined in it took place were not easy. The path of reform processes in criminal proceedings was associated with the confrontation of the Soviet past with modern transformation. It was difficult to realise the need to harmonise national legislation with European standards of human rights and freedoms and consolidate their perception as one of the necessary conditions for Ukraine's integration into the European legal space, as well as the need for a conceptually new worldview for both the people of Ukraine and law enforcement bodies - officers, judges, and prosecutors.

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20.
Izarova, I. .
    About the special issue on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the European convention on human rights [Текст] / I. Izarova, S. Kravtsov // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 1. - P. 5-7 . - У WoS не зазначено: Vol. 4
   Перевод заглавия: О специальном номере по случаю 70-летия Европейской конвенции о правах человека
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.1-n000043

Аннотация: Анотація відсутня

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава