Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Zhuravel, V. A..
    Criminalistics’ language: Concept-terminological apparatus formation [Текст] = Мова криміналістики: формування понятійно-термінологічного апарату / V. A. Zhuravel // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2020. - Vol. 27, Iss. 1. - P. 162-176
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.27(1).2020.162-176

Аннотация: Any theory assumes the presence of its terminological apparatus - a language that is created to solve specific scientific problems and is designed to describe the relevant subject area; in criminalistics, it also serves as an effective means of thinking, should be highly specialised to reproduce the uniqueness of the subject of study, which actualises the study in this direction. Scientific approaches to the formation of the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus, through which this science describes its subject of study, were considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of its language as a system of general and individual concepts, which are reflected in certain terms, signs. It was stated that the criminalistics’ language is a complex, multilevel, holistic system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, signs, symbols. Attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of criminalistics there is a continuous improvement of its language, clarification of definitions, enrichment of the terminological dictionary (thesaurus). It was noted that the current state of development of criminalistics, the formation of promising doctrines (theories) necessitated the introduction into its scientific apparatus of a large number of new concepts, terms, signs, through the use of various linguistic approaches, terminological elements, lexical units. The innovations concern not only the general theory of criminalistics, but also its main sections - techniques, tactics and methods. In this case, the criminalistics’ language, its conceptual and terminological apparatus must develop under certain criteria and conditions defined in both special and forensic literature. The rejection of traditional approaches to the definition of certain forensic concepts, the desire for innovation and unification always require special care and comprehensive justification.

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2.
Yarotskiy, V. L..
    The problems of determining the time and legal consequences of the occurrence of the human right to life and health in the context of recoding the civil law of Ukraine [Text] / V. L. Yarotskiy, N. V. Fedorchenko, I. I. Puchkovska // Global Journal of Comparative Law. - 2021. - Vol. 10, Iss. 1-2. - p. 73-90
   Перевод заглавия: Проблеми визначення часових та правових наслідків настання права людини на життя та здоров'я в контексті перекодування цивільного законодавства України
ББК Х623
РУБ DOI 10.1163/2211906X-10010007

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of determining the time when a person's right to life and health arises. Excluding from the criteria the point at which a person acquires the right to life would strengthen the civil legal protection of the relevant subjective civil law. This may lead to the need to recognise, as the time of occurrence of the right to inheritance, that the accumulation of the composition of these circumstances cannot exist without legal capacity. It is proposed to introduce into the categorical apparatus of civil law the concept of 'special civil capacity'. The emergence of special civil capacity and a subjective civil right to life will be linked to the above circumstances; the ability to have other subjective civil rights will be associated with the fact of birth.

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3.
Trykhlib, K. O..
    Law-making activity in the case law of the constitutional court of Ukraine [Text] / K. O. Trykhlib // International and Comparative Law Review. - 2019. - Vol. 19, No. 2. - p. 27-75
   Перевод заглавия: Законотворческая деятельность в прецедентном праве Конституционного Суда Украины
ББК Х062
РУБ DOI: 10.2478/iclr-2019-0014

Аннотация: The aim of this paper is to reveal and examine law-making elements in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. It should be noted that the Constitutional Court has no direct powers to establish new legal norms under national legislation. However, in the process of constitutional interpretation, the case law of the Court demonstrates de facto the presence of law-making activity, that leads to the extension of its discretionary power on the formation of law. The paper will focus on the analysis of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with regard to the ‘creative interpretation’ of law. A review of selected case law leads to a conclusion that the Constitutional Court often uses the dynamic interpretation of the Constitution. Moreover, the Court may change its own legal position in order to protect constitutional rights. Thus, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine has the right to ‘develop’ the law through evolutive interpretation of the Constitution. It can also be concluded that the Constitutional Court enjoys a wide ‘margin of appreciation’ in its interpreting of the Constitution.

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4.
Teremetskyi, V. .
    Access to Justice and Legal Aid for Vulnerable Groups: New Challenges Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic [Текст] / V. Teremetskyi, Y. Duliba, O. Drozdova, L. Zhukovska, O. Sivash, I. Dziuba // Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Spec. Iss. 1. - P. 1-11
   Перевод заглавия: Доступ до правосуддя та правової допомоги для вразливих груп населення: нові виклики, викликані пандемією COVID-19
УДК

Аннотация: The unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the realization of human rights has disproportionately affected vulnerable groups and created a global gap injustice, a gap in human rights from discrimination and poverty in access to social protection and basic services, insufficient or no access to justice, lack of access to justice. Legal aid. This article deals with current issues of access to justice and legal aid for the vulnerable during thepandemic of COVID-19. It is concluded that no country will be able to ensure the implementation of goal 16.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on 2030 on equal access to justice for all until has not focused on closing the global justice gap, increasing access to justice, providing legal aid to the most vulnerable groups. For the implementation of the policy of access to justice for vulnerable states must have a different approach to justice – a people-centered approach to justice that puts consideration of the individual at the heart of justice responses by providing access to information, programs and policies. Ensuring equal access to justice, access to legal aid, an increased level of legal awareness among vulnerable groups, and a vibrant strong civil society, that contribute to access to justice, are key criteria for ensuring access to justice for vulnerable people. Providing equal access to justice through access to legal aid is key to ensuring access to justice in any state. Today it is important to overcome barriers to access to justice, such as the digital barrier, barriers related to financial costs, complexity, lack of information and access to services, and lack of access to legal aid or representation. States should be effective, must guarantee credible commitment, support coordination, and promote cooperation. States, justice systems must collaborate with public organizations and civil society to address the root causes of disputes and avert violence, conflict, and human rights abuses.

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5.
Shapoval, R. V..
    Path towards national security in the european union: genesis and further development processes [Текст] / R. V. Shapoval, V. Y. Nastyuk, O. I. Bezpalova, N. P. Khrystynchenko // Journal of security and sustainability issues. - 2018. - Vol. 8, Number 1. - P. 45-54
   Перевод заглавия: Путь к национальной безопасности в Европейском Союзе: генезис и дальнейшие процессы развития
УДК
ББК Х621

Аннотация: The article reviews standards of state policies in terms of the national security of the European Union countries. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the theory and practice of providing national security in the EU countries. In addition to that, the article provides for a deep analysis of the major methodological approaches in regards to establishing national security in the EU. The authors make a systematic review of the development and implementation of the EU security doctrines. The aim of this research article is to analyze the development of the idea of developing a European defense policy to find an effective way of incorporating our state into European security structures. Also, the research question may be posed as discussion on the way the national security is guaranteed in the EU countries. The novelty of the study is in the way how the past, current and future national security setup is implemented in the EU countries and what may the ways of its development. Materials and methods used in studying this problem, researches and publications of such domestic and foreign researchers were used. At the same time, processes of global and European security need constant analysis and study. The results showed that the problem of the formation of the European security and defense system that emerged shortly after the end of the Second World War prompted European countries to work more closely together, particularly in the defense sector. After the Cold War and the emergence of new challenges for stability on the continent, the EU has embarked on a path towards greater consolidation and greater awareness of own defense and security interests. Conclusion of the article is that an analysis of the approaches to the national security in the EU convincingly demonstrates that the level of security depends on many factors. The successful provision of national security strategy and approach depends on the sustainability and strength of their national economies. Only a strong economy allows successfully defending national interests in growing global competition and world economic disparities. Therefore, a country shall not only develop a national security concept, relying on world experience, but, above all, to reform its domestic and foreign policies with a view to protecting all actors.

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6.
Puchkovska, I. Y..
    Effectiveness of the consumer protection system upon purchasing goods in online stores [Текст] = Ефективність системи захисту прав споживачів при купівлі товарів в інтернет-магазинах / I. Y. Puchkovska, O. O. Biliaiev, V. P. Yanyshen, H. O. Urazova // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P. 137-146
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.137-146

Аннотация: Every year, the vast majority of countries switch to an online environment. This is especially true for online stores. The subject of this study is the system of consumer protection upon buying goods in online stores and its effectiveness. The purpose is to analyse the state of development of e-commerce in Ukraine and the system of consumer protection upon purchasing goods in online stores. The following general scientific methods were used: classification and theoretical generalisation - to study the theoretical foundations of e-commerce; statistical analysis - to analyse the current state of e-commerce in Ukraine and the consumer protection system. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the provisions of current legislation and the experience of foreign countries describing the development of the e-commerce market in Ukraine and the world, the main trends that have developed have been identified, the positive and negative aspects of e-commerce have been identified, as well as the effectiveness of the consumer protection system upon purchasing goods in online stores. It was concluded that the “e-commerce” industry is developing very dynamically. Consumer protection upon purchasing goods through online stores is carried out as with a regular purchase and sale, but it has a number of specific features. To attract potential customers and build their trust, online stores try to post as much information about their products and services as possible on their official websites, including customer reviews. This indicates that the sellers themselves are interested in resolving disputes as soon as possible and preserving their reputation. Taking this into account, it is the improvement of the consumer literacy of citizens, the ability to fully exercise their rights, and to protect their interests in case of certain contradictions that is one of the ways to solve the existing problems.

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7.
Nevelska-Hordieieva, O. P..
    Sophisms in the history of legal argumentation [Text] = Los sofismos en la historia de la argumentacion juridica / O. P. Nevelska-Hordieieva, V. O. Danilyan, K. V. Nesterenko, H. I. Finin // Revista Notas Historicas y Geograficas. - 2021. - No 27, Julio - Diciembre. - P. 290-314
   Перевод заглавия: Софізми в історії правової аргументації
УДК

Аннотация: The article examines the history of the use of sophisms in legal argumentation, raises questions of the admissibility of the use of sophisms in jurisprudence, shows the errors of traditional for philosophy sophisms. The scientific analysis of sophisms made it possible to clearly describe a number of logical errors underlying sophisms. One of the common causes for sophisms in legal argumentation is the substitution of dilemmas: instead of constructing two complex dilemmas and reasoning as to which of them will be priority. the first or the second. opponents formulate two erroneous dilemmas that are in relation to contradictions to each other.

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8.
Kazak, R. A..
    Features of Sanitary Legislation in Ukraine in the Mid-20th Century: Historical Overview [Text] / R. A. Kazak, S. Hotsuliak // European Journal of Sustainable Development. - 2020. - Vol. 9, Iss. 3. - p. 257-266
   Перевод заглавия: Особенности санитарного законодательства в Украине середины 20 века: исторический обзор
ББК Х2(4УКР)6
РУБ DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p257

Аннотация: The paper deals with the determination of main features of sanitary legislation in Ukraine. The designated chronology of research is the latter half of the 20th century as an era of changes in this legal sphere as an answer to the technical and social changes of that time. There were outlined such features as: dynamic, interdisciplinary and preventive character of sanitary legislation with elements of international awareness. It was outlined the extended usage of statistic data and periodicals as specific sources of this sphere. The impact of scientific progress in 60-70th was indicated as one of the affecting features of that time changes in sanitary legislation. It was carried out an extensive analysis of the legislation of Ukraine of the abovementioned period.

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9.
Gutorova, N. .
    Medical negligence subject to criminal law [Текст] / N. Gutorova, O. Zhytnyi, T. Kahanovska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue:11, cz 1. - P. 2161-2166
   Перевод заглавия: Медицинская халатность объект уголовного права
УДК
ББК Х623.211.84

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Legal liability for medical negligence should contribute to the protection of patients' rights to life and health. At the same time, unreasonably strict sanctions against physicians should be analyzed much closely. More balanced model of such liability requires serious in-depth research. The aim of the article is to stimulate discussion about the necessity to improve the criminal legislation and judicial practice of criminal liability execution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on the analysis of international law, WHO documents, jurdicial practice and statistics, criminal and medical law legal doctrine (29 laws and papers, 97 court judgments were analyzed). Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and system analysis research methods were used, also for interpretation purposes. CONCLUSION: An effective legal mechanism should ensure the timeliness and thoroughness of the investigation and prosecution of each case of medical negligence to prevent the recurrence of such consequences in the future. Legal liability (civil, disciplinary or criminal) for medical negligence is a necessary part of this mechanism. The inevitability of criminal punishment rather than its severity should be recognized as a core for the medical negligence prevention concept. That's why the long-term imprisonment for medical negligence as a form of punishment should be recognized as socially unreasonable, it cannot improve the protection of patients' life and health but leads to significant negative social complications instead.

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10.
Gusarov, K. .
    Finality of Judgments in Civil Cases and Related Considerations: The Experience of Ukraine and Lithuania [Текст] / K. Gusarov, V. Terekhov // Access to justice in Eastern Europe. - 2019. - Iss. 4. - P. 6-29
УДК
ББК Х629.217 + Х629.2
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-2.4-a000020

Аннотация: Finality of judgments is a concept that puts an end to the trial, prohibiting subsequent appeals, opening of new proceedings and disputing clearly established facts. Despite being promoted by the Council of Europe and its Court of Human Rights and familiar to most if not all states, its application still encounters misunderstandings in some Eastern European Countries. Deeply rooted ideas of substantive truth and the public role of the judiciary, a rather idiosyncratic notion of fair trial and the rule of law all lead to underestimation of the role played by finality in a peaceful life of the society. This article addresses the experience of Ukraine (where a major judicial reform has just taken place) and Lithuania - two post-Soviet nations that both, still in their unique way, worked on implementing the principle of finality into their procedural order. The paper also explores an uneasy balance to be found between this notion and other relevant considerations (access to justice, rule of law, judicial economy and some other).

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3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

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Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава