Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Bukhanevych, O. M..
    Foreign experience in constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law [Текст] = Зарубіжний досвід конституційно-правового регулювання обмеження прав людини в умовах надзвичайного та воєнного станів / O. M. Bukhanevych, S. O. Kuznichenko, A. M. Mernyk // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 55-65
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.55-65

Аннотация: The study investigates the foreign experience of constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law in Macedonia, Armenia, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Azerbaijan, which is relevant in modern conditions, based on the presence of local military conflicts, emergencies, or the possibility of their existence in many countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse the text and content of the constitutions of foreign countries to clarify and explain the grounds for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve this purpose, the study employed a system of methods of scientific cognition, namely general scientific (analysis, synthesis), particular (comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis, approximation), as well as special legal (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. The practical value of the study lies in the identification of four prevailing trends in the constitutions of foreign states to the procedure for determining the scope of restrictions on human rights under special regimes: 1) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitutions, which cannot be restricted during the period of emergency and martial law; 2) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitution, which can be restricted to protect human rights, the democratic structure of the state, public safety, the well-being of the population and morals; 3) combining the first two options for consolidating restrictions in the text of the constitutions; 4) consolidation of the possibility of limiting the rights and freedoms of the individual in the texts of constitutions by state authorities under special legal regimes in the interests of national security without specifying partiular rights and freedoms that may (or may not) be restricted.

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2.
Karpachova, N. I..
    Modern challenges to international security and protection of human rights (international and ukrainian context) [Текст] = Сучасні виклики міжнародній безпеці та захисту прав людини (міжнародний та український контекст) / N. I. Karpachova // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 25-33
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.25-33

Аннотация: At the moment, two mechanisms for protecting human rights can be distinguished in Ukraine: an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights at the international level and an appeal to the Commissioner for Human Rights at the national level. Therewith, the activity of the ombudsman constitutes the state’s performance of its obligations at the international level to ensure the national mechanism for the protection of human rights. In Ukraine, the Ombudsman acts according to the model of the classic parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights. In addition, along with the parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights, which has a constitutional status, there are government commissioners (“quasi-ombudsmen”) in Ukraine, whose activities do not have a special status and can be terminated at the will of the government at any time. Considering the above, the purpose of this study lies in a comprehensive analysis of modern challenges to international security and the impact of these factors on the observance of human rights in Ukraine (using the methods of both international law and classical legal methodology), as well as studying the role of the ombudsman in this process. The analysis allowed to conclude that the causes of human rights violations lie not only in the country’s problems, but are also the consequences of global processes. A huge challenge to the rights and freedoms in Ukraine is the intensifying poverty of the population, which in itself is a violation of human rights and allows to exercise all other rights. Furthermore, the hostilities in the Donbas region led to gross, massive, and systematic violations of human rights: residents of the front-line territories were faced with two challenges at once – the danger that arises due to the impossibility of ensuring security in the immediate vicinity of the war zone and the increasing risks of poverty.

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3.
Anisimova, H. .
    The role of courts in environmental rights protection in the context of the state policy of Ukraine [Текст] / H. Anisimova, I. Kopytsia // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 2. - P. 164-176 . - У WoS не зазначено: Vol. 4
   Перевод заглавия: Роль судів у захисті екологічних прав у контексті державної політики України
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.2-n000066

Аннотация: The protection of the environmental rights of citizens is an important issue for the domestic and foreign state policy of Ukraine. Although environmental rights are formally recognised and enshrined in law, they fail to be implemented in practice. This indicates the imbalance and lack of effective political and legal mechanisms for an appropriate system of measures to create conditions for exercising environmental rights and interests, their protection, and restoration, as well as to assure environmental awareness and culture. In light of these general considerations, this research article aims to examine the current issues concerning access to justice for protecting environmental rights through the lens of the state policy of Ukraine and its real application to ensuring such protection. Accordingly, the underlying tasks of the article are: to analyse how meaningful and comprehensive the provisions of approved strategic documents are; to analyse the cases of the ECtHR against Ukraine in environmental matters; to study the national case-law concerning access to justice on environmental rights protection and whether they correspond with the state policy areas of ensuring environmental human rights; to analyse how efficient the mechanism of their protection in Ukraine is and whether conditions for equal access to court in environmental cases are created; to find and illuminate the current state policy gaps that might threaten the effective observance and enforcement of environmental human rights; to formulate theoretical and practical suggestions for their further improvement.

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4.
Razmetaeva, Y. .
    Justice in the digital age: technological solutions, hidden threats and enticing opportunities [Текст] / Y. Razmetaeva, S. Razmetaev // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 2. - P. 104-117 . - У WoS не зазначено: Vol. 4.
   Перевод заглавия: Справедливість у цифрову епоху: технологічні рішення, приховані загрози та привабливі можливості
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.2-a000061

Аннотация: This article focuses on and weighs the main benefits and risks of introducing and deploying technological instruments for justice, as well as their potential effect on fairness. The replacement with and complementary use of technological solutions in light of their application in the judicial system in the digital age are considered. The explicit and implicit risks that arise from the introduction and deployment of technology instruments are analysed. Taking an axiological approach that assumes the a priori value of human rights, justice, and the rule of law, we evaluate the main dangers that the use of technological solutions in the justice system entails. With the help of formal legal and comparative legal methods, as well as the analysis of scientific literature and contextual analysis of open sources on the capabilities of artificial intelligence and the bias of algorithms, the article fills in the gaps regarding the potential of technology to improve access to justice and the use of algorithms in decision-making. It is noted that some technological solutions, as well as the usual behaviour of all actors in the digital era, change the nature of interactions, including those in the justice system. The question of the possibility of algorithmic justice is considered from the standpoint of fairness and non-discrimination. The article shows how the use of algorithms can improve procedural fairness but emphasises a careful and balanced approach to other elements of fairness.

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5.
Kabalskyi, R. .
    Does normativity contribute to the effective protection of rights? Reflections on the concept of normativity in the modern ukrainian doctrine of law [Text] / R. Kabalskyi, O. Shevchyk // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 2. - p. 155-169
   Перевод заглавия: Чи сприяє нормативність ефективному захисту прав? Роздуми над концепцією нормативності в сучасній українській правовій доктрині
ББК Х06
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.3-n000081

Аннотация: Normativity is considered the basis for the implementation of social regulation. However, this regulation of social relations must be organised and have a positive impact on the development of society. Normativity is considered to be the primary, original property of social reality due to the natural demand for establishing order and its integral ability for self-organisation. The integration of elements into a balanced system is carried out through their coordinated interactions, resulting in something new, which has a unique integrative quality, provided that this quality was absent before their integration into the system. At the same time, nowadays, the phenomenon of normativity is studied mostly from traditional positions. A number of well-known works that raise the issue of normativity were written in the middle of the last century under conditions of an ideological monopoly and are unlikely to enrich the modern understanding of the normative nature of law. Today, in the Ukrainian scholarly literature, because of Soviet remnants, only the formal (positive-empirical) side of normativity is being assessed, which leads to it being replaced by the concept of state coercion. In general, this leads to the spread and dominance of extremely negative phenomena in Ukrainian society, among which the total non-enforcement of court decisions is worth mentioning. The solution to this problem cannot simply be improving coercive measures of the state alone – there must be changes to understanding the rule of law and, in particular, the nature of normativity. The analysis of the method of objectification (formation) of the due diligence of law will significantly contribute to targeting this problem because the latter is not solely derived from the dictates of the state (or the empirical phenomena). However, the key focus is finding the answer to one of the most important questions of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law, namely: ‘Why should a person obey the law?’. Thus, we are highly motivated to initiate a philosophical and legal rethinking of approaches to the normativity of law and the legitimation of state and legal processes. This article is an attempt to target a discussion in this sphere.

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6.
Мерник, А. М..
    Вакцинация: право человека или обязанность [Текст] = Vaccination: human right or duty / А. М. Мерник, О. Н. Ярошенко, Н. И. Иншин, Д. В. Лукьянов, О. С. Гиляка // Georgian medical news. - 2021. - Vol. 315, No. 6. - P. 135-141
УДК

Аннотация: The article focuses on the fact that 2020 has become a new point in the history of mankind, irrevocably changing the ways of life accepted in society and forcing the entire population of the earth to live in a new way. If a person's health is threatened and / or worried about the thought of a terminal illness, it is difficult to focus on something else. Over the past year, many have experienced this reality for the first time. Effective January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a health emergency, causing international concern. The fact that some countries (New Zealand, Australia and South Korea) quickly contained the spread of the virus, but faced new, imported cases, leads to the conclusion that the victory over COVID-19 is possible only worldwide. And if in 2020 masks and social distancing were the methods of fighting the virus, then the main method of 2021 will be the vaccination of the inhabitants of the earth. However, here, too, the key factor is the scale of vaccination, which is one of the main factors in the effectiveness of the fight against any large-scale disease. Here, every person faces a moral and legal question: participation in vaccination is the right of every person as a bearer of human dignity, which implies the impossibility of taking any action on a person without his consent, or the duty of a member of society, which implies the need for vaccination as the question of the survival of the human race as a whole. The article draws attention to the refusal to vaccinate against measles in Ukraine and the consequences of such a choice. The reason for the lack of measles vaccination at the required epidemiological level in Ukraine is not the lack of the necessary vaccines, but the conscious choice of a negative model of behavior by the citizens of the country. The refusal to vaccinate children may be due to a psychological factor caused by the death of a student who was vaccinated against measles on the eve of death. At the same time, the media thirteen years after the event, conducting numerous medical examinations, provides fundamentally contradictory information about the causal relationship between the vaccination of a student against measles and his death. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by viruses. Despite this vaccination coverage against viral infections, seasonal influenza in many countries around the world remains low. Even if a vaccine is available to the citizens of a particular country, but educational programs are not carried out on the need and importance of vaccination, the potential for increasing vaccination rates against viruses will continually diminish. The most common explanation for the current upsurge in vaccine uncertainty is that the Internet enables vaccine deniers to reach out to a wide audience by publicizing their beliefs. Some activists only criticize some vaccines. Such a selective stance may indicate a communication strategy used to promote a particular vaccine. Attention should also be paid to the refusal to vaccinate due to the lack of acceptance by the human mind of traditional medicine, not belief in its effectiveness, the use of alternative, alternative medicine in the treatment of diseases. The reasons for not trusting the vaccination process are highlighted. These include: lack of trust in vaccine manufacturers who are economically motivated to make a profit; not trusting medical institutions that provide vaccinations and the conditions in which vaccines are stored; lack of confidence in government agencies involved in the procurement of vaccines, the possibility of corruption in case of abuse of their powers; fear of disease and side effects due to vaccination; distortion by the media of objective data on vaccination.

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7.
Petryshyn, O. V..
    Reforming Ukraine: Problems of Constitutional Regulation and Implementation of Human Rights [Текст] / O. V. Petryshyn, O. O. Petryshyn // Baltic journal of European studies. - 2018. - Vol. 8, Issue: 1. - P. 63-75
   Перевод заглавия: Реформирование Украины: проблемы конституционного регулирования и осуществления прав человека
ГРНТИ
УДК
ББК Х620.12(4УКР)

Аннотация: The article focuses on current problems of human rights constitutional provision, protection and implementation in Ukraine in the context of the reforms aimed at Eurointegration. The aim is to brief in the historical aspects of the development of ideas and concepts of human rights in Ukraine, focus on the human rights provision of the active Constitution projected through the ongoing reforms and to expose the correlation between the rights enshrined and their actual implementation. The existing and possible future problems related to the regulation and realization of human rights in Ukraine's reform process are considered. The article reflects the problem of the value approach to human rights, which is directly related to the low level of legal culture and the insufficient level of development of civil society Ukraine. The work also analyses the amendments that have been made to the Constitution since the independence. While presenting the latest developments and drafts regarding the addressed issues, we try to look deeper into the problem, far beyond the formal and procedural concerns, addressing social and cultural barriers in understanding the importance and necessity of the problems under consideration not only by the leadership of the state but also by ordinary Ukrainians.

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8.
Karpachova, N. .
    Impact Of Direct Effect Of Constitutional Norms And Practice Of The European Union On The Efficiency Of Human Rights’ Realization And Protection [Текст] / N. Karpachova, O. Dobrianska, O. Punda, I. Protsiuk, Y. Zhuravel, N. Chudyk, O. Korotun // Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Spec. Iss. 1. - P. 1-8
   Перевод заглавия: Вплив прямої дії конституційних норм та практики Європейського Союзу на ефективність реалізації та захисту прав людини
УДК

Аннотация: It has been emphasized that the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are correlated in structure, form of action and features of application that allows determining the conceptual features for the formation of the mechanism of realizing and applying the Constitution of Ukraine as norms of direct effect. It has been emphasized that the central idea is the uneventful application of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the stages of realizing human rights and their protection due to the similar nature and legal structure of their norms. It has been noted that the use of such an approach creates an objective opportunity to establish whether there were violations of any requirements at the stages of: protecting such a right (existence and application of preventive measures), implementing the right (obstacles to achieving a certain good by a person) and protecting human right (taking sufficient and effective measures aimed at restoring the person’s status). It has been stated that the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, given their legal properties, can be applied similarly to the way how the European Court applies the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Considering the provisions of the current procedural legislation of Ukraine on the powers of courts, it has been proved that human rights are realized and protected in out-of-court and judicial manner exclusively and directly on the basis of the norms of the Basic Law. It has been noted that the forms of applying the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms should be understood as methods of applying the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the authorized subjects to certain legal relations that is expressed in the relevant acts, namely: literal application – carrying out law-enforcement activities on the basis of the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms without their interpretation; expanding application – the implementation of law-enforcement activities on the basis of the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as a result of their interpretation.

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9.
Teremetskyi, V. .
    Access to Justice and Legal Aid for Vulnerable Groups: New Challenges Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic [Текст] / V. Teremetskyi, Y. Duliba, O. Drozdova, L. Zhukovska, O. Sivash, I. Dziuba // Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Spec. Iss. 1. - P. 1-11
   Перевод заглавия: Доступ до правосуддя та правової допомоги для вразливих груп населення: нові виклики, викликані пандемією COVID-19
УДК

Аннотация: The unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the realization of human rights has disproportionately affected vulnerable groups and created a global gap injustice, a gap in human rights from discrimination and poverty in access to social protection and basic services, insufficient or no access to justice, lack of access to justice. Legal aid. This article deals with current issues of access to justice and legal aid for the vulnerable during thepandemic of COVID-19. It is concluded that no country will be able to ensure the implementation of goal 16.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on 2030 on equal access to justice for all until has not focused on closing the global justice gap, increasing access to justice, providing legal aid to the most vulnerable groups. For the implementation of the policy of access to justice for vulnerable states must have a different approach to justice – a people-centered approach to justice that puts consideration of the individual at the heart of justice responses by providing access to information, programs and policies. Ensuring equal access to justice, access to legal aid, an increased level of legal awareness among vulnerable groups, and a vibrant strong civil society, that contribute to access to justice, are key criteria for ensuring access to justice for vulnerable people. Providing equal access to justice through access to legal aid is key to ensuring access to justice in any state. Today it is important to overcome barriers to access to justice, such as the digital barrier, barriers related to financial costs, complexity, lack of information and access to services, and lack of access to legal aid or representation. States should be effective, must guarantee credible commitment, support coordination, and promote cooperation. States, justice systems must collaborate with public organizations and civil society to address the root causes of disputes and avert violence, conflict, and human rights abuses.

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10.
Uvarova, O. .
    Business and human rights in times of global emergencies: A comparative perspective [Текст] / O. Uvarova // Comparative Law Review. - 2020. - Vol. 26. - P. 199-224
   Перевод заглавия: Бізнес та права людини під час глобальних надзвичайних ситуацій: порівняльна перспектива
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.12775/CLR.2020.009

Аннотация: This article provides an overview of the key principles of the state's fulfilmentt of the positive obligation to protect human rights from violations by business during the crisis caused by COVID 19: balancing the need to ensure public health and human rights protection; balancing the competing rights of non-state actors with taking into account the concept of the right to security as freedom from fear and freedom from want; implementation of the international human rights law requirement on restriction of human rights, including the derogation from international human rights obligations. The second part of the article is an overview of the results of a survey on the implementation by various countries around the world of the obligation to protect human rights from business violations during COVID 19. The purpose of the survey was to summarize the information about different countries obtained according to the proposed criteria to identify the main regulatory models that states use to fulfil their obligation to protect human rights from business violations in time of COVID 19.

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава