Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Haraschuk, V. .
    Administrative and legal support challenges of environmental safety under globalization [Текст] / V. Haraschuk, Y. Zelinska, V. Spasenko, O. Shynkaruk // European Journal of Sustainable Development. - 2020. - Vol. 9, Issue 2. - P. 20-30
   Перевод заглавия: Административно-правовое обеспечение проблем экологической безопасности в условиях глобализации
УДК
ББК Х625.81
РУБ DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p20

Аннотация: The article investigates the underlying challenges of administrative and legal support of environmental safety under globalization. The current globalization conditions and factors affecting the transition of environmental safety from local to a global level, which is due to globalization processes in the world and a number of global anthropogenic challenges, are analyzed. The emphasis is focused on the impact of globalization on the adoption of international treaties in the field of environmental safety. The importance of administrative and legal environmental safety at the state level for the implementation of the executed international treaties is substantiated. The obsolescence and underperformance of the current state of administrative and legal support of environmental safety in Ukraine is grounded, the necessity for its optimization is proved, the weaknesses are highlighted and the need for introducing a number of improvement directions, including propaganda of a careful attitude to the environment, is substantiated; regulatory support for the effective distribution of functions and viable mechanism for management of central and local executive authorities, local government institutions on the formation and implementation of state policy components in the field of climate change in accordance with their competence; regulatory actions of joint events and cooperation of domestic government bodies in the area of environmental safety with similar bodies of neighboring countries; implementation ensuring of the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states related to climate change; ensuring the fulfillment of Ukraine’s obligations regarding reporting on international agreements in the field of climate change, etc.

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2.
Sannikov, D. .
    Agricultural Land Use in Ukraine: Ensuring and Implementing the Right to a Safe Environment [Текст] / D. Sannikov, V. Kovtun, M. Kovtun, T. Terekhova, K. Ohanova // Scientific Horizons. - 2021. - Vol. 24, Iss. 9. - P. 86-92
   Перевод заглавия: Використання сільськогосподарських земель в Україні: забезпечення та реалізація права на безпечне довкілля
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.48077/scihor.24(9).2021.86-92

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3.
Pashkov, V. .
    Ambient air protection in the system of public health and biological security legal provision [Text] / V. Pashkov, M. V. Trotska, L. M. Nikolenko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 9 cz 1. - P. 2207-2212
   Перевод заглавия: Охорона атмосферного повітря в системі правового забезпечення охорони здоров'я та біологічної безпеки
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202109132

Аннотация: The article examines the legal and regulatory basis for ambient air protection as an essential element of the environment that affects biological security the health and livelihoods of the population. Proper legal regulation of ambient air protection is important in the implementation of various measures aimed at preserving its quality and, accordingly, preventing possible adverse effects on human health. Ambient air protection is a certain activity directed at reducing the number of pollutants that get into the air by one means or another. In the process of environmental protection in general and ambient air protection in particular, the legal basis and case law are important components that aimed to minimize the occurrence of potential hazards that could threaten the health and lives of the population, and in case of such situations, identify the causes of their occurrence and respond to them proportionally.

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4.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Artificial intelligence in medical practice: regulative issues and perspectives [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, A. O. Harkusha, Y. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P. 2722-2727
   Перевод заглавия: Штучний інтелект у медичній практиці: регулятивні питання та перспективи
УДК
РУБ PubMed ID33611272 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202012204

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to identify specific of AI in healthcare, its nature, and specifics and to establish complexities of AI implementation in healthcare and to propose ways to eliminate them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study was conducted during June-October of 2020. Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the essence of AI in healthcare and specifics of its regulation. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: One of the first broad definitions of AI sounded like "Artificial Intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent ... The central goals of Artificial Intelligence are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible." There are two approaches to name this technology - "Artificial intelligence" and "Augmented Intelligence." We prefer to use a more common category of "Artificial intelligence" rather than "Augmented Intelligence" because the last one, from our point of view, leaves much space for "human supervision" meaning, and that will limit the sense of AI while it will undoubtedly develop in future. AI in current practice is interpreted in three forms, they are: AI as a simple electronic tool without any level of autonomy (like electronic assistant, "calculator"), AI as an entity with some level of autonomy, but under human control, and AI as an entity with broad autonomy, substituting human's activity wholly or partly, and we have to admit that the first one cannot be considered as AI at all in current conditions of science development. Description of AI often tends to operate with big technological products like DeepMind (by Google), Watson Health (by IBM), Healthcare's Edison (by General Electric), but in fact, a lot of smaller technologies also use AI in the healthcare field - smartphone applications, wearable health devices and other examples of the Internet of Things. At the current stage of development AI in medical practice is existing in three technical forms: software, hardware, and mixed forms using three main scientific-statistical approaches - flowchart method, database method, and decision-making method. All of them are useable, but they are differently suiting for AI implementation. The main issues of AI implementation in healthcare are connected with the nature of technology in itself, complexities of legal support in terms of safety and efficiency, privacy, ethical and liability concerns. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The conducted analysis makes it possible to admit a number of pros and cons in the field of AI using in healthcare. Undoubtedly this is a promising area with a lot of gaps and grey zones to fill in. Furthermore, the main challenge is not on technology itself, which is rapidly growing, evolving, and uncovering new areas of its use, but rather on the legal framework that is clearly lacking appropriate regulations and some political, ethical, and financial transformations. Thus, the core questions regarding is this technology by its nature is suitable for healthcare at all? Is the current legislative framework looking appropriate to regulate AI in terms of safety, efficiency, premarket, and postmarked monitoring? How the model of liability with connection to AI technology using in healthcare should be constructed? How to ensure privacy without the restriction of AI technology use? Should intellectual privacy rights prevail over public health concerns? Many questions to address in order to move in line with technology development and to get the benefits of its practical implementation.

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5.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Challenges of classification of stand-alone software as a medical device [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, O. S. Soloviov, Ye. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 2. - P. 327-333
   Перевод заглавия: Проблемы классификации автономного программного обеспечения как медицинское устройство
УДК

Аннотация: Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA, Ukraine regulation acts, scientific research, and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere, this paper provides a guide to understanding the essence of classification of stand-alone software with medical purpose and specifics of its regulation. This research is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive methods.

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6.
Pikhurets, O. .
    Copyright regulation of relations with regard to software: Current state and perspectives [Текст] / O. Pikhurets, S. Lytvyn, I. Miroshnykov, V. Mykolaiets, O. Karashchuk // International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. - 2021. - Vol. 11, Iss. 11. - P. 161-168
   Перевод заглавия: Авторське регулювання відносин щодо програмного забезпечення: сучасний стан та перспективи
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.46338/IJETAE1121_18

Аннотация: The legal regulation of relations about software (computer programs) is conducted mainly in two directions: copyright and patent law. But despite lengthy discussions in scientific circles in almost all countries, there is no final and single solution to this issue. Historically, the model of copyright protection of the object under study offers a cheaper and faster procedure than the model of protection of software by patent law. Patent protection requires a rather expensive and lengthy examination of software for world (absolute) novelty, during which the object itself may become obsolete and become unpopular with potential users. Therefore, the copyright regime for the protection of software has received preferential recognition. Accordingly, the article attempts to investigate the problems of the existing in the world copyright model of software protection and the possibility of patenting them.

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7.
Tatsii, V. Ya..
    Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (Interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support [Текст] = Економічний суверенітет та економічна безпека України (взаємозв’язок та взаєморозуміння) в контексті їх доктринального та правового забезпечення / V. Ya. Tatsii, Y. V. Bilousov, D. S. Kosinova // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P. 209-223
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.209-223

Аннотация: The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security.
Метою цієї статті є звернення до актуальних проблем доктринального і правового забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з актуалізацією питань щодо співвідношення понять «економічна безпека» та «економічний суверенітет» у їх взаємозв’язку та взаєморозумінні. В роботі авторами приділено увагу аналізу існуючих у національних правових доктринах окремих держав світу наукових підходів до визначення поняття «економічний суверенітет», з’ясовано його основні ознаки, проаналізовано наукові підходи вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників щодо визначення поняття «економічна безпека» та на підставі цього наведено власне бачення інструментального наповнення цих дефініцій. Аргументовано, що поняття «економічний суверенітет» є первинним стосовно поняття «економічна безпека». У статті досліджено національні системи (моделі) забезпечення економічної безпеки держави, серед яких, зокрема, американська, японська, китайська, моделі інституційних утворень (зокрема, ЄС), моделі, характерні для держав з перехідною економікою. Авторами встановлено, що для України характерною є система (модель) економічної безпеки держав з перехідною економікою, яка вирізняється фрагментарністю та непослідовністю її побудови, що в кінцевому результаті впливає на стан забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в цілому. З’ясовано, що основною метою України на даному етапі її розвитку в контексті побудови національної моделі забезпечення економічної безпеки є створення ефективної системи засобів подолання або мінімізації наявних чи потенційних загроз, особливо в умовах глобалізації торговельно-економічних відносин. В роботі наголошується на необхідності запозичення позитивного зарубіжного досвіду правового забезпечення відносин із створення та запровадження національних систем забезпечення економічної безпеки держави з метою поступового перетворення України на вагомого учасника процесів забезпечення міжнародної економічної безпеки.

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8.
Gutorova, N. .
    Ensuring the citizens' rights and freedoms in case of COVID-19 vaccinatio in the public health system [Текст] / N. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, T. Kaganovska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2863-2869
   Перевод заглавия: Забезпечення прав і свобод громадян при вакцинації проти COVID-19 в системі охорони здоров’я
УДК
РУБ PMID: 35029547 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111201

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens. Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. Using the above methods, we studied the attitudes of different categories of citizens to vaccination against coronavirus disease through questionnaires on the following issues: attitudes to vaccination in general; motivation for vaccination, in case of consent to vaccination; reasons for refusal of vaccination. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on vaccination and ensuring the rights of citizens to health care was also analyzed. Results: Proper legal regulation of the right to health depending on the legal status of the vaccines is important in order to implement restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 and, accordingly, to prevent the possible spread of a pandemic in the public health system. Conclusions: Ensuring the right to health and applying restrictive measures to prevent the spread of a pandemic is an essential element of the public health system. However, the question of the legal status of vaccines is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. That is, it is essential to go through all the stages of clinical trials for the vaccines used. Their safety and effectiveness and proving the fact that the harm of vaccination is much less than the harm of the spread of coronavirus disease. In the process of ensuring the right to health, including by making compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, legal framework and practice are critical components that aim to minimize the potential hazards that threaten the health and lives of the population.

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9.
Puchkovska, I. Y..
    Ensuring the fulfillment of contracts in civil law [Text] / I. Y. Puchkovska, O. Р. Pecheniy, A. M. Isaiev // International Journal of Criminology and Sociology. - 2020. - Vol. 9. - P. 3040-3047
   Перевод заглавия: Забезпечення виконання договорів у цивільному праві
УДК
РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.370

Аннотация: The main purpose of the article is to comprehensively describe the main ways to ensure compliance. The main research approach is analytical and legal methodology. Doctrinal and legislative provisions on ensuring the implementation of civil law agreements were analysed. The process of formation of the institute ensuring the fulfilment of contracts was characterised. A comparative analysis of ways to ensure the implementation of agreements on their legal nature and effectiveness, highlighted the signs of their demarcation. The foreign practice of ensuring the fulfilment of contractual obligations was analysed, and the possible directions of its implementation in the domestic legal space were determined. Gaps in legislative regulation and problems of practical implementation in ways to ensure the implementation of agreements were identified. The author proposed the definition of ways to ensure the implementation of contracts. The findings are valuable for legislative initiatives and for the practical activities of the parties to contractual obligations in terms of choosing the most effective way to secure the contracts they enter into.

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10.
Shevchuk, O. .
    Human right to virtual reality in the healthcare: Legal issues and enforcement problems [Текст] / O. Shevchuk, O. Bululukov, O. Lysodyed, V. Mamonova, Y. Matat // Juridical Tribune. - 2021. - Vol. 11, Spec. Iss. - P. 302-315
   Перевод заглавия: Право людини на віртуальну реальність в системі охорони здоров'я: юридичні питання та проблеми забезпечення
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.24818/TBJ/2021/11/SP/03

Аннотация: A key feature of modern legal relations in the healthcare sector is the widespread use of digital technologies. This study describes certain aspects of the legal regulation of the human right to virtual reality in the healthcare sector and the problems of law enforcement. The methodology of this work is based on an interdisciplinary approach using comparative legal, dialectical and systemic methods. The main objective of this article is to determine the forms and directions of the use of virtual reality in health care in the context of human rights. It is emphasized that the introduction of smart technologies, virtual reality in the healthcare sector is the main modern trend in the development of healthcare in order to improve the provision of healthcare services. The human right to use virtual reality in healthcare is to ensure the actions of virtual reality users within the framework of virtual information relations in the healthcare sector, which are governed by the relevant legal norms. The human right to use virtual reality in healthcare is a fourth generation of human rights. These rights include all rights that have arisen as a result of scientific progress, the development of morality, namely "somatic rights", as well as information rights. The use of virtual reality in the healthcare sector is possible in the following areas, namely: (1) medical training, (2) surgical modeling, (3) rehabilitation, (4) psychotherapy and psychology, (5) ophthalmology, (6) telemedicine, etc. It is stated that user safety, privacy, freedom of expression, ethics and copyright protection in the use of virtual reality in healthcare require legislative regulation, taking into account the European experience. The virtual space in the healthcare sector provides opportunities for the realization of human rights and freedoms regarding the preservation of their health, but can be used to carry out actions that contradict the norms of law and have illegal behavior. The latter requires an improvement in the regulatory framework when using the virtual space of the healthcare sector to protect the interests of the individual, society and the state using international standards.

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