Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Мерник, А. М..
    Вакцинация: право человека или обязанность [Текст] = Vaccination: human right or duty / А. М. Мерник, О. Н. Ярошенко, Н. И. Иншин, Д. В. Лукьянов, О. С. Гиляка // Georgian medical news. - 2021. - Vol. 315, No. 6. - P. 135-141
УДК

Аннотация: The article focuses on the fact that 2020 has become a new point in the history of mankind, irrevocably changing the ways of life accepted in society and forcing the entire population of the earth to live in a new way. If a person's health is threatened and / or worried about the thought of a terminal illness, it is difficult to focus on something else. Over the past year, many have experienced this reality for the first time. Effective January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a health emergency, causing international concern. The fact that some countries (New Zealand, Australia and South Korea) quickly contained the spread of the virus, but faced new, imported cases, leads to the conclusion that the victory over COVID-19 is possible only worldwide. And if in 2020 masks and social distancing were the methods of fighting the virus, then the main method of 2021 will be the vaccination of the inhabitants of the earth. However, here, too, the key factor is the scale of vaccination, which is one of the main factors in the effectiveness of the fight against any large-scale disease. Here, every person faces a moral and legal question: participation in vaccination is the right of every person as a bearer of human dignity, which implies the impossibility of taking any action on a person without his consent, or the duty of a member of society, which implies the need for vaccination as the question of the survival of the human race as a whole. The article draws attention to the refusal to vaccinate against measles in Ukraine and the consequences of such a choice. The reason for the lack of measles vaccination at the required epidemiological level in Ukraine is not the lack of the necessary vaccines, but the conscious choice of a negative model of behavior by the citizens of the country. The refusal to vaccinate children may be due to a psychological factor caused by the death of a student who was vaccinated against measles on the eve of death. At the same time, the media thirteen years after the event, conducting numerous medical examinations, provides fundamentally contradictory information about the causal relationship between the vaccination of a student against measles and his death. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by viruses. Despite this vaccination coverage against viral infections, seasonal influenza in many countries around the world remains low. Even if a vaccine is available to the citizens of a particular country, but educational programs are not carried out on the need and importance of vaccination, the potential for increasing vaccination rates against viruses will continually diminish. The most common explanation for the current upsurge in vaccine uncertainty is that the Internet enables vaccine deniers to reach out to a wide audience by publicizing their beliefs. Some activists only criticize some vaccines. Such a selective stance may indicate a communication strategy used to promote a particular vaccine. Attention should also be paid to the refusal to vaccinate due to the lack of acceptance by the human mind of traditional medicine, not belief in its effectiveness, the use of alternative, alternative medicine in the treatment of diseases. The reasons for not trusting the vaccination process are highlighted. These include: lack of trust in vaccine manufacturers who are economically motivated to make a profit; not trusting medical institutions that provide vaccinations and the conditions in which vaccines are stored; lack of confidence in government agencies involved in the procurement of vaccines, the possibility of corruption in case of abuse of their powers; fear of disease and side effects due to vaccination; distortion by the media of objective data on vaccination.

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2.
Корчева, Т. В..
    Правовые и морально-философские проблемы эвтаназии [Текст] = [Legal, moral and philosophical problems of euthanasia] / Т. В. Корчева, Е. П. Невельская-Гордеева // Georgian medical news. - 2021. - No 9 (318). - P. 172-174
УДК

Аннотация: The purpose of this study is to discuss and present authors' vision of problems of euthanasia legal regulation in legislation with due consideration of human rights and liberties. The study was performed considering a set of disciplines: medicine, jurisprudence, religion, philosophy. A number of international documents were generalized, practice of European Court of Human Rights, Criminal Codes of Ukraine, Georgia and a number of other countries, relating to the question under study, views of scholars on moral and legal aspects, juridical and philosophical comprehension of this agenda. The following scientific methods were applied: systemic legal method, comparative legal method, philosophical legal method, logical method, as well as analysis and synthesis method. The authors developed proposals in solution of problems connected with this subject matter. Legalization of euthanasia is found to be possible by allowing its application to be reflected in Article 52, Law of Ukraine "Fundamentals of Ukrainian Legislation on Public Health". We determined that execution of euthanasia belongs to rights of physician, not his/her duties. In this we noted that this novelty will rule out any possibility of subsequent introduction of a special norm to Ukrainian Criminal Code stipulating criminal responsibility of physician for execution of euthanasia and, as a subsequence, will preclude any pre-trial and trial judicature (Articles 214, 215, Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine).

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3.
Вовк, Д. .
    “У судей есть политическое чутье.” Юриспруденция Конституционного Суда Украины в политически чувствительных делах [Текст] = “Justices have a political sense.” The Constitutional Court of Ukraine’s jurisprudence in politically sensitive cases / Д. Вовк, Ю. Барабаш // Ideology and Politics Journal. - 2021. - Iss. 2 (18). - P. 312-334
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36169/2227-6068.2021.02.00014

Аннотация: The paper studies the problem of politicization of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The authors analyze five notable and controversial decisions, decided by the Court in favor of the Ukrainian President. These decisions allowed the President to reach certain goals important for strengthening or securing his power. Based on legal and political analysis of these decisions the authors argue that, while considering these cases, the Court has instrumentalized the rule of law and its elements as a tool for perusing political goals. Seven anonymous interviews with retired constitutional justices conducted by the authors largely support this conclusion.
Статья посвящена проблеме политизации Конституционного Суда Украины. Авторы анализируют пять решений Суда, в которых он встал на сторону Президента Украины, позволив тем самым последнему решить определенную задачу, связанную с укреплением или сохранением своей власти. Юридический и политический анализ этих решений, по мнению авторов, позволяет обоснованно говорить о практике политической инструментализации верховенства права, то есть использовании Судом различных требований верховенства права как инструментов достижения политически мотивированного результата. Проведенные авторами анонимные интервью с семью бывшими судьями Конституционного Суда в целом подтверждают этот вывод.

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4.
Zyma, O. T..
    Search for the optimal model of institutional capacity to counteract infectious threats in the modern world [Text] / O. T. Zyma, O. M. Soloviova, I. V. Boiko, V. A. Somina, Y. V. Mekh // International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering. - 2021. - Vol. 15. - p. 342-349
   Перевод заглавия: Пошук оптимальної моделі інституційного потенціалу для протидії інфекційним загрозам у сучасному світі
ББК Х621.1
РУБ DOI 10.46300/91011.2021.15.41

Аннотация: Epidemiological surveillance of public health is an important tool for protection against viral and infectious diseases, both at the national and international levels. Its key role is played by such components as prevention, sanitary protection, compulsory vaccination, audit of the epidemic situation, special anti-epidemic measures, etc. Their implementation requires a systematic approach, which can only be ensured by professional, balanced, and scientifically sound public administration in the field of public health, including on the international scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a number of issues related to public administration in healthcare and epidemiological surveillance. In this article, the authors analyse the world experience of building systems that ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being, and try to assess its impact on the effectiveness of counteracting epidemiological threats. In the course of the study, the authors investigated the structure of the system of anti-epidemic and sanitary bodies of more than forty countries of the world. The authors have left out countries with a small population (because they are characterised by universalisation, multifunctionality of public administration entities) and countries whose statistics on the spread of COVID-19 are questionable. For others, it was possible to identify three main approaches to building a system of sanitary and anti-epidemic bodies and to propose appropriate models of the institutional mechanism of public administration in the field of epidemiological well-being.

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5.
Zhuravel, V. A..
    Reliability evaluation of a forensic expert's opinion: World practices and ukrainian realities [Текст] = Оцінка достовірності висновку судового експерта: світові практики та українські реалії / V. A. Zhuravel, V. E. Konovalova, G. K. Avdeyeva // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - P. 252-261
УДК
РУБ DOI:10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.252-261

Аннотация: Improving the activities of pre-trial investigation and judicial review largely depends on the increased use of special knowledge in forensic investigative practice and, above all, the involvement of an expert and their analysis. The relevance of the subject matter is explained by the need to introduce new forms and approaches to evaluating the reliability of expert opinions, in particular with the involvement of independent specialists of the corresponding speciality. The purpose of this study was to provide arguments regarding the expediency of attracting knowledgeable persons as reviewers to evaluate the objectivity and completeness of forensic analysis, the correctness of the methods and techniques applied by the expert, and the validity of the opinion. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: Aristotelian, comparative legal, functional, sociological, statistical, system and formal legal analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. It was established that in the vast majority of countries of the world, except Ukraine, an independent, knowledgeable person with special knowledge in the corresponding field is involved to help evaluate the reliability of an expert opinion. It was proved that contacting knowledgeable persons to evaluate the objectivity, validity, completeness of expert research helps establish the causality between the identified features of the object of analysis and the fact that is subject to establishment, and also gives grounds for determining the affiliation, admissibility, reliability, and sufficiency of the expert opinion. At the same time, a specialist's review cannot serve as a source of evidence, but only has an auxiliary (advisory, technical) nature and can serve as a basis for appointing a second (additional) forensic analysis or a cross-examination of the expert and the reviewer. To exercise the rights of individuals to fair justice, it is proposed to introduce this procedure for evaluating the reliability of expert opinions in Ukraine, with the necessary changes in the current procedural legislation of Ukraine to provide an opportunity for participants in criminal proceedings and the victim to attract knowledgeable persons as reviewers of expert opinions.

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6.
Zhuravel, V. A..
    Forensic diagnostics: Concept, meaning, and scope of implementation [Текст] = Криміналістична діагностика: поняття, значення та сфера реалізації / V. A. Zhuravel // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 1. - P. 187-194
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.252-261

Аннотация: The current stage of development of forensics is described by an active search for the latest cognitive methods and tools, which fully include forensic diagnostics. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to form a modern terminology of the forensic science, further development of the scientific concept of forensic diagnostics, and prospects for creating an appropriate forensic teaching. The purpose of the study is to analyse modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of forensic diagnostics, its features, structure, integrative functions, and differences from other paired forensic categories. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and special research methods as dialectical, historical, Aristotelian, system-structural, sociological, statistical, the method of legal forecasting and modelling, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the term «forensic diagnostics» should be considered in practical and theoretical terms. In practical terms, forensic diagnostics is a method of recognising the state of objects, cognition of phenomena and processes related to the circumstances of the crime event, determined by the latter. This is a kind of tool at the disposal of an expert, investigator, detective, judge to know the object (event, phenomenon) by its reflection. In the theoretical sense, forensic diagnostics is considered as a separate forensic teaching, which constitutes a system of theoretical provisions on the regularities of recognising objects (situations) by their features and properties, based on the analysis of changes that occurred in them under the influence of the circumstances of the crime event and its participants, in order to carry out evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the theoretical basis of forensic diagnostics comprises information on the patterns of occurrence of diagnosed objects, data on typical models of event reflection (action, behaviour). It is noted that forensic diagnostics as a separate forensic teaching (theory) is at the stage of its development, constantly increasing its scientific potential and expanding the scope of practical implementation. Further development of the theory and practice of diagnostic research involves systematisation and classification of diagnostic features and sets of features of objects, events, phenomena in accordance with the solution of diagnostic problems, classification of typical situations, development of methods and techniques of diagnostic research.

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7.
Yurkevych, O. M..
    History of the development of hermeneutic logic [Текст] / O. M. Yurkevych, Z. O. Pavlenko, V. A. Trofymenko // Revista notas historicas y geograficas. - 2021. - Issue: 26. - P. 1-28
   Перевод заглавия: Історія розвитку герменевтичної логіки
УДК

Аннотация: Hermeneutic logic as a kind of informal logic for understanding and interpretation is considered in the context of Western European history of philosophy, in particular philosophical hermeneutics. There is an influence on logical forms of ontological contexts and intralinguistic forms, rationalization of meaning through sign systems in the history of hermeneutic logic. The determinant is historical induction, the conclusions of which are appropriate for the knowledge of objective and subjective histories. Logical forms of judgments and inferences are constructed not in the genusspecies relation, but in the relation of the part and the whole, which correlates with the algorithm of dialectics of the hermeneutic circle. Hermeneutic logic, defined on the basis of historical induction, appears as the logic of humanitarian cognition, that forms a culture of understanding and interpretation techniques.

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8.
Yevsieiev, V. .
    Development of an algorithm and research of features for selecting devices to protect electric circuits from surges caused by thunderstorms [Текст] / V. Yevsieiev, R. Honchar, S. Starodubtsev, Y. Melenti, S. Pavlenko // Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks, ICICV 2021 : 4-6 Feb. 2021. - Tirunelveli; India, 2021. - Ст. 9388398. - P. 480-485
РУБ DOI: 10.1109/ICICV50876.2021.9388398

Аннотация: Lightning strokes can cause considerable voltages in constructions of buildings, facilities, equipment. That may result in sparking, disruption to power supplies of electric energy consumers, equipment breakdowns etc. That is why it is strongly recommended (sometimes even compulsory) to install surge protective devices. Buildings and facilities (or their parts) depending on their purpose and thunderstorm intensities in the region they are located in, should be protected both from direct lightning strokes and from lightning secondary effects. The lightning protection project should have projects both for external and internal lightning protection systems. The paper suggests a algorithm for calculating the main of surge protective devices parameters are class, impulse current, nominal discharge current, maxi-mum discharge current, open-circuit voltage, maximum continuous operating voltage, maximum continuous operating current, voltage protection level, follow current, temporary overvoltage and response time. For microelectronic equipment the voltage protection the zone-selective system is required. The presented paper suggests an algorithm for selecting surge protective devices for power supply circuits of electrical energy consumers in order to ensure reliability of energy supply in conditions of thunderstorm activities. The algorithm is suggested with account of the requirements of relevant European and American standards. A study of features for selecting devices to protect electric circuits from surges caused by thunderstorms. For illustrative representation of implication of the suggested algorithm a functional mock-up for surge protection of a single-phase consumer at its plugging into the mains.

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9.
Yevseiev, S. .
    Development of a method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems based on the Lotka–Volterra model [Text] / S. Yevseiev, S. Pohasii, S. Milevskyi, O. Milov, Y. Melenti, I. Grod, D. Berestov, R. Fedorenko, O. Kurchenko // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. - 2021. - Vol. 5, No. 9 (113). - P. 30-47
   Перевод заглавия: Разработка метода оценки безопасности киберфизических систем на основе модели Лотки–Вольтерры
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.241638

Аннотация: The paper presents the results of the development of a method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems based on the Lotka-Volterra model. Security models of cyber-physical systems are proposed: “predator-prey” taking into account the computing capabilities and focus of targeted cyberattacks, “predator-prey” taking into account the possible competition of attackers in relation to the “prey”, “predato-prey” taking into account the relationships between “prey species” and “predator species”, “predator-prey” taking into account the relationship between “prey species” and “predator species”. Based on the proposed approach, the coefficients of the Lotka-Volterra model α=0.39, β=0.32, γ=0.29, φ=0.27 were obtained, which take into account the synergy and hybridity of modern threats, funding for the formation and improvement of the protection system, and also allow determining the financial and computing capabilities of the attacker based on the identified threats. The proposed method for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems is based on the developed threat classifier, allows assessing the current security level and provides recommendations regarding the allocation of limited protection resources based on an expert assessment of known threats. This approach allows offline dynamic simulation, which makes it possible to timely determine attackers' capabilities and form preventive protection measures based on threat analysis. In the simulation, actual bases for assessing real threats and incidents in cyberphysical systems can be used, which allows an expert assessment of their impact on both individual security services and security components (cyber security, information security and security of information). The presented simulation results do not contradict the graphical results of the classical Lotka-Volterra model, which indicates the adequacy of the proposed approach for assessing the security of cyber-physical systems.

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10.
Yevseiev, S. .
    Development of a method for assessing forecast of social impact in regional communities [Текст] / S. Yevseiev, Y. Ryabukha, O. Milov, S. Milevskyi, S. Pohasii, Y. Ivanchenko, I. Ivanchenko, Y. Melenti, I. Opirskyy, I. Pasko // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. - 2021. - Vol. 6, Iss. 2 (114). - P. 30-43
   Перевод заглавия: Розробка методики оцінки прогнозу соціального впливу в регіональних громадах
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РУБ DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.249313

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3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

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Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава