Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Challenges of classification of stand-alone software as a medical device [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, O. S. Soloviov, Ye. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 2. - P. 327-333
   Перевод заглавия: Проблемы классификации автономного программного обеспечения как медицинское устройство
УДК

Аннотация: Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA, Ukraine regulation acts, scientific research, and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere, this paper provides a guide to understanding the essence of classification of stand-alone software with medical purpose and specifics of its regulation. This research is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive methods.

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2.
Pashkov, V. .
    Providing the rigth to health of involuntarily displaced persons [Текст] / V. Pashkov, M. Liubchenko, O. Liubchenko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue:10. - P. 1989-1994
   Перевод заглавия: Предоставление права на здоровье вынужденно перемещенных лиц
УДК
ББК Х620.3 Х620.32

Аннотация: Introduction: The article deals with the issues of international law concerning defense of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons. As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that providing of the right to health is essential as a requirement for countries, which, in turn, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with documents proclaiming human rights, but for the sake of a more detailed explanation of their rights and the substance of the states obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents that further emphasize the need protection of the latter as persons who, as a result of their movement, are vulnerable. The aim: To elucidate the international mechanisms for the protection of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons. Material and methods: The study used a set of general-philosophical and special-legal methods of scientific research, in particular, dialectical, historical, socio-political, formal-legal and comparative legal methods of scientific research. The historical method of scientific research has been used in the analysis of tendencies of the regulation of the refugee problem from the beginning of the 20th century. The comparative legal method is used in the analysis of the legal regulation of involuntarily displaced persons rights by international treaties and conventions, rules of national legislation of Ukraine and foreign legislation. Review: Authors analyze the issue of a migrants (social, medical etc.) rights under the principle of equality of refugees and citizens rights. Reviewing the mechanisms of guarding such rights under treaties it is obvious that these mechanisms have legislative and institutional features. Closer look is taken on the Council of Europes mechanism for protecting the rights of refugees with its own normative and institutional features. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that migrants rights, including right to health, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with the documents proclaiming human rights. In order to provide a more detailed explanation of their rights and the nature of the states obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents, which further emphasize the need to protect the latter as persons who, as a result of their displacement, are vulnerable.

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3.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Enforceability of non-compete agreements in medical practice: between law and ethics [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, A. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue: 12 cz 2. - P. 2421-2426
   Перевод заглавия: Возможность применения неконкурентных соглашений в медицинской практике: между законом и этикой.
УДК
ББК Х623.211.84
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek201912205

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The core of physician's non-compete agreements problematics lies in complex system of controversial interests, rights and goals of subjects involved. On the one hand non-compete restrictions and their enforceability is an obvious part of employer's legitimate business interest based on the freedom of contract, on the other - free unrestricted market, preventing of monopolization, availability of medical assistance and healthcare, right to choose a doctor are social standards and thus - a part of public interest, in addition to this - non-compete restrictions impact physician's right to work. Balance between these components is pretty sensitive and hard to achieve. We can find enforceability of physician's non-compete provisions in different types of relations: employment contracts, partnership agreements, sale of medical practice. But complexity of mixing law, ethical, social issues along with different approaches of legal regulations rises the relevance of research. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: This study is based on German, British, Spain, Swiss, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere. The article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: Non-compete agreements may have social benefits in some situations: serve as an instrument to protect trade secrets thus stimulate innovation; reducing of worker's exit probability could increase quality of medical services due to training of employees etc. But also, there are some serious risks to employee, to employer and to society as a whole. Analyzing the sense of non-compete clause in general we can assume that it includes seven main points: the subject; the form; the time; the territory; the scope and type of restrictions; "buy out" of the clause and the compensation. These characteristics are the core of non-compete clause, and, taking into account the principle of freedom in terms of agreement conclusion, it is up to law enforcement practice to determine minimal and maximal limits of such restrictions. US legal concept is clearly based on implementing of legally prescribed restrictions for non-compete with physicians (along with other categories). European practice being pretty similar in view on what non-compete agreement is and what principles it is based on however is obviously different in approach chosen because of absence of special legal provisions for physicians' non-compete regulation. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Lack of legal regulation and law enforcement practice in this sphere worldwide is obvious, so the starting point in resolving of physician's non-compete enforceability issue will be choosing of suitable concept. Analyzing of proposed concepts, we came to the conclusion that the most perspective will be an approach of specification and clarification of "reasonability" meaning in terms of evaluation physicians' non-compete agreement validity and their impact on public interest.

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4.
Horodovenko, V. V..
    International legal instruments in the field of bioethics and their impact on protection of human rights [Text] / V. V. Horodovenko, V. M. Pashkov, L. G. Udovyka // Wiadomosci Lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 7. - P. 1554-1560
   Перевод заглавия: Международно-правовые инструменты в области биоэтики и их влияние на защиту прав человека
ББК Х623.211.84
РУБ PubMed: 32759454

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: A rapid development of biomedicine, genetics, pharmacology, transplantation and biotechnology has posed a number of problems to humanity, in particular, with regard to human rights protection in healthcare. These problems solution requires considering the achievements and propositions of biology, medicine, ethics and law. International legal standards in the field of bioethics are of significance in development of national states regulations on bioethics and biotic legislation. Aim: To investigate the impact of international legal instruments in the field of bioethics on protection of human rights. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the research the international legal instruments and documents in the field of healthcare and bioethics were used. Civilizational, axiological, dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods as well as systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Legal instruments in the field of biomedical technologies (directives and regulations) are mainly advisory by nature. In many cases, the problems arising in biotechnology are resolved through establishment and involvement of national supervision bodies: councils (commissions, committees) in bioethics as well as courts. An important role in protection of human rights in the field of biotechnology is played by the ECHR the decisions of which are dynamic, based on the Convention and consideration of national legislations. At the same time, a number of problems remain unresolved because of constant development of biomedical technologies, necessity to take into account the latest achievements and discoveries as well as all types and methods of applying of genetic engineering to humans. In general, insufficient attention is paid to the problems of medical biotechnologies application both at the international and national levels.

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5.
Pashkov, V. .
    Natural environment as component of public health: some aspects of its legal regulation [Text] / V. Pashkov, M. Trotska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue: 2. - P. 261-266
   Перевод заглавия: Природная среда как составляющая здоровья населения: некоторые аспекты ее правового регулирования.
ББК Р11

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Human health depends on various factors that have a different physical origin, degree of influence on the human body, methods of manifestation and other characteristics. Within public health, their research is carried out implementing an integrated approach and understanding the causation of the factors that influence each other as well as their effects on the human body. The natural environment, namely its state in general and individual natural objects, in particular, is one of the elements having both direct and indirect effects on human health. The aim: To analyze the legal basis for the regulation of the impact of the natural environment as a component of public health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study examines provisions of international documents and scientists' attitudes. The article analyzes generalized information from scientific journals by means of scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concepts of public health, health and influence of the natural environment on them are researched. RESULTS: Review: As a result of the study of a particular range of problems, it may be noted that human health depends on a number of factors that allow it to be adequately addressed. The environmental component, namely, the state of the natural environment affecting the human body both directly and indirectly, is not the least of them. Proper legal settlement of the above-mentioned range of problems will allow a comprehensive approach to understanding the causation of human health and the natural environment. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: when researching the impact of the natural environment within public health, it can be noted that the legal basis for the multidimensional regulation of the notion of health in general, as well as its individual components, in particular, has been formed and reflected in a number of regulatory legal acts. In turn, inadequate implementation of the systematic approach with an in-depth understanding of the real and potential factors that affect human condition in one way or another does not allow the fullest possible determination of their causation both on the positive and negative sides.

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6.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Right to child health in context of natural environmental security [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, M. V. Trotska, O. S. Soloviov // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 3, Issue: 3. - P. 418-424
   Перевод заглавия: Право на здоровье детей в контексте естественной экологической безопасности
УДК
ББК Р + Ю665

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: From different points of view, health in general and child health, in particular, constitute the highest value which preserves a significant amount of resource potential. Child health is understood as his/her state consisting of a certain system of elements (physical, psychological, etc.) each of which, on the one hand, is characterized by its specificity, and on the other hand, is in a complementary relationship with each other. A process of child health formation is influenced by a large number of various elements (social, economic, etc.) and the natural environment is one of them. Its compliance with certain rules and standards that form its qualitative status affects life and health both directly and indirectly, therefore, determination of interdependence between the natural environmental conditions and child health is important for understanding a causal link between the specified categories. The aim: To study provisions of international acts and other sources in order to clarify the concept of child health and a role of the natural environment of a proper quality in the process of its formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: the paper examines provisions of international acts, some scientists' conclusions and other sources. Different authors' scientific viewpoints are studied with scientific methods in the context of medical and legal components. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concepts of safe natural environment, health in general and child health, in particular, as well as importance of a safe natural environment for child health are researched. RESULTS: Review: The concept of health is complex and depends on various factors including proper natural environmental conditions. Presence of dangerous environmental factors affects occurrence of various children diseases. In the context of the natural environmental security, it is possible to indicate both general and individual natural resources. Their deterioration may affect its condition at large. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ensuring child health, his/her proper physical, psychological and other development is impossible without guaranteeing natural environmental security. Consumption of high-quality natural resources, observance of norms and standards for the environmental security allows the human body to develop fully accumulating relevant resources and attracting them at the right time. Ensuring the natural environment of a proper quality guarantees a greater range of opportunities for a child in the process of forming, coming into being and maintaining his/her physical and psychological well-being, which is a prerequisite for exercising his/her other rights and proper fulfillment of his/her duties in the process of his/her transformation and transition to adulthood.

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7.
Pashkov, V. .
    Assisted reproductive technologies: the problems of legal enforcement [Текст] / V. Pashkov, A. Lyfar // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2018. - Vol. 71, Issue: 5. - P. 1066-1070
   Перевод заглавия: Вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии: проблемы правоприменения
УДК
ББК Р11

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Today, the use of assisted reproductive technologies (including surrogacy) is an effective method of guaranteeing realization of person's right on maternity or paternity. Through therapeutic efficiency reproductive means have become incredibly popular among population. However, the lack of certain legal relations in the sphere of surrogacy (both at the international level and the national one) leads to the confusion in the theory and practice. The aim: In this article, the author has set himself the following aims: a) to determine the state of legal regulation of surrogate maternity at national and international levels; b) to focus on problematic moments in legal regulation of surrogacy, which cause such phenomena as medical tourism and human trafficking; c) to investigate the regimes of legal regulation of surrogacy in the countries of the world. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The methodological framework of the research consists of general scientific and special methods. The dialectical method is used to identify the term surrogacy and its meaning; the method of summarization is applied to the case laws (judgements of European Court of Human Rights and other high legislative bodies of foreign countries). The statistical method is applied to statistical data; the formal method is used for analysing the experience of such foreign countries as the USA (state Illinois, Nevada, California), Sweden, the Netherlands, India, Great Britain. Lastly, the method of comparison is applied to determine the similarities or differences between domestic and foreign legislation. RESULTS: Review: There are three regimes of surrogacy in the world which contradict one another (altruistic, permitting and prohibiting). The difference between legal regulations of surrogacy contributes expansion of such a phenomenon as medical tourism. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Owing to absence of unified principles and standards on international level in the sphere of surrogacy, subjects of such legal relations are absolutely unprotected. Such phenomena as medical tourism, human trafficking and commercial exploitation of surrogate mothers are extending.

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8.
Gutorova, N. O..
    Illegal internet pharmacies as a threat to public health in Europe [Text] / N. O. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, O. S. Soloviov // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 9 cz 1. - P. 2169-2174
   Перевод заглавия: Нелегальні інтернет-аптеки як загроза громадському здоров’ю в Європі
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202109125

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the dangers of illegal Internet pharmacies for patient safety and public health, the necessity to improve legal instruments, and unite the efforts of governments, professional organizations, and civil society for combating this activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on the Medicrime Convention, empirical and analytical data of the WHO, Interpol, Europol, NABF, Directive 2011/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011, the regulatory acts and juridical practice of Ukraine, experts interview of pharmacy practicians, analysis of websites. Totally 18 laws and papers, 34 court judgments, 50 websites were analyzed, six experts were interviewed. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, system analyses and sociological research methods were used. RESULTS: Results: Illegal Internet pharmacies are widespread in Europe, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This black market poses a severe threat to patient safety and public health as falsifying, substandard, and smuggled medicines are sold through these channels. Without any exception, all illegal pharmacies sell prescription drugs without any prescriptions. Regulatory and protective legal instruments at the national and international levels are insufficient to counter the Internet trade in medicines. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The widespread proliferation of illegal Internet pharmacies in Europe requires European states to work together to protect patient safety and public health. A legal mechanism needs to be established to exchange information and combat illegal pharmaceutical activities on the Internet at the international level. At the national level, it is necessary to strengthen control over the wholesale of prescription medications to prevent them from entering the black market.

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9.
Pashkov, V. .
    Ambient air protection in the system of public health and biological security legal provision [Text] / V. Pashkov, M. V. Trotska, L. M. Nikolenko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 9 cz 1. - P. 2207-2212
   Перевод заглавия: Охорона атмосферного повітря в системі правового забезпечення охорони здоров'я та біологічної безпеки
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202109132

Аннотация: The article examines the legal and regulatory basis for ambient air protection as an essential element of the environment that affects biological security the health and livelihoods of the population. Proper legal regulation of ambient air protection is important in the implementation of various measures aimed at preserving its quality and, accordingly, preventing possible adverse effects on human health. Ambient air protection is a certain activity directed at reducing the number of pollutants that get into the air by one means or another. In the process of environmental protection in general and ambient air protection in particular, the legal basis and case law are important components that aimed to minimize the occurrence of potential hazards that could threaten the health and lives of the population, and in case of such situations, identify the causes of their occurrence and respond to them proportionally.

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10.
Gutorova, N. .
    Ensuring the citizens' rights and freedoms in case of COVID-19 vaccinatio in the public health system [Текст] / N. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, T. Kaganovska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2863-2869
   Перевод заглавия: Забезпечення прав і свобод громадян при вакцинації проти COVID-19 в системі охорони здоров’я
УДК
РУБ PMID: 35029547 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111201

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens. Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. Using the above methods, we studied the attitudes of different categories of citizens to vaccination against coronavirus disease through questionnaires on the following issues: attitudes to vaccination in general; motivation for vaccination, in case of consent to vaccination; reasons for refusal of vaccination. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on vaccination and ensuring the rights of citizens to health care was also analyzed. Results: Proper legal regulation of the right to health depending on the legal status of the vaccines is important in order to implement restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 and, accordingly, to prevent the possible spread of a pandemic in the public health system. Conclusions: Ensuring the right to health and applying restrictive measures to prevent the spread of a pandemic is an essential element of the public health system. However, the question of the legal status of vaccines is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. That is, it is essential to go through all the stages of clinical trials for the vaccines used. Their safety and effectiveness and proving the fact that the harm of vaccination is much less than the harm of the spread of coronavirus disease. In the process of ensuring the right to health, including by making compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, legal framework and practice are critical components that aim to minimize the potential hazards that threaten the health and lives of the population.

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава