Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Kaplina, O. V..
    Medical errors: patients' opinion, lawyers' standpoint, medical doctrine and practice of the european court of human rights [Текст] / O. V, Kaplina, S. L. Sharenko, N. Y. Shumylo // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72, Issue:12 cz 2. - P. 2416-2420
   Перевод заглавия: Медицинские ошибки: мнение пациентов, точка зрения адвоката, медицинская доктрина и практика Европейского суда по правам человека.
УДК
ББК Х623.211.84
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek201912204

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The problem of medical errors is always relevant in medical literature and law. Meanwhile, it is understood diametrically opposite by doctors, patients, and lawyers. This has a negative impact on patients' trust in medical professionals, and sometimes leads to criminal prosecution for a so-called "medical error", which in fact is conscientious deception, not a crime, and should exclude criminal liability. The aim: The aim of this work is the illustration of diametrically opposed approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of "medical error" from patients', doctors', and lawyers' views that are often generated by subjective approaches and results in distrust between doctors and patients, medical professionals and lawyers. The aim of the article is also to realize the ECHR's approach to understanding the essence of a medical error and distinguishing it from the negligence that should lead to liability of the medical professionals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In this research a legal doctrine, scientific works, provisions of international legal acts, in particular, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms were used, as well as the practice of the ECHR (12 relevant ECHR decisions), where the Court considered cases related to "medical errors" and formulated positive obligations of the state in the field of health care were analyzed. A complex set of general and special methods of cognition was used to achieve the aim, they are comparative legal method, systemic and structural method, methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, sociological method, hermeneutical method, etc. RESULTS: Results: A survey of patients, medical professionals and lawyers conducted by the authors (300 persons), analysis of doctrinal approaches are illustrated the gap between the doctrinal approaches existing in the understanding of the essence of the "medical error" phenomenon and the perceptions of the medical services recipients, which indicates the need of understanding the essence of the phenomenon of medical error in order to increase the confidence in the medical profession, the inadmissibility of doctors liability for a medical error. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The research gave the authors a reason to conclude that both medical and legal sciences are still far from the unity of views on the concept of "medical error". Medical errors significantly affect the authority of a medical institution, a particular doctor, or the state as a whole, and have severe consequences for patients. An analysis of the medical literature and ECHR practices has led to the conclusion that a medical error occurs when it is possible to completely exclude the guilt of medical professionals in the form of intent or negligence. In case of a medical error the criminal liability of the doctor is excluded.

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2.
Vapniarchuk, V. V.
    Conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of proof in the science of criminal process in Ukraine [Text] / V. V. Vapniarchuk, O. V, Kaplina, M. Y. Shumylo, A. R.Tumanyanc // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. - 2019. - Vol. 10, Iss. 7. - p. 2146-2155
   Перевод заглавия: Концептуальные подходы к пониманию сущности доказывания в науке об уголовном процессе в Украине
ББК Х629.34
РУБ DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v10.7(45).28

Аннотация: The relevance of the issue stated in the paper is conditioned upon the existence of different scientific views in the science of the criminal process, both as to the essence of proof at large, and in relation to its individual institutions, categories and concepts, which were determined both by a philosophical and methodological basis inherent in certain periods of history, and by features of statutory regulation. The purpose of the paper is to distinguish scientific approaches (interpretations, concepts) to criminal procedural proof and substantiation of the expediency of isolation and use of the author's (complex and systemic) approach. The main approach to the study of this problem was to systematize approaches to criminal procedural proof on the basis of its substantive and functional understanding and to express critical (in both positive and negative terms) opinions on each of them. The paper proposes the identification of four different approaches to understanding the essence of criminal procedural proof: cognitive (wherein two types of interpretation are distinguished: logical (rational) and rational-empirical); active; integrated; complex and systemic. The materials of the paper represent both theoretical and practical value. They can be used for further scientific investigation of the nature of proof in criminal proceedings, as well as for the proper understanding and implementation of law enforcement criminal proceedings.

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3.
Kaplina, O. V..
    Using the samples of human biological materials in the criminal procedure: the practice of the european court of human rights [Текст] / O. V, Kaplina, O. H. Shylo, I. A. Titko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2019. - Vol. 72: Issue: 8 . - P. 1576-1581
   Перевод заглавия: Использование образцов биологических материалов человека в уголовном процессе: практика Европейского суда по правам человека
УДК

Аннотация: Introduction: The use of modern advances in medicine to investigate crimes has caused a number of problems that require scientific reflection. In particular, today there are quite acute questions: medical intervention without the persons consent; forced sampling of human biological materials; clinical methods, the use of which in the biological samples taking will not be regarded as violation of international standards of human rights protection; the correlation of the need for the formation of DNA profile databases and the right of the person to non-disclosure of medical information. The aim: The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the key points of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the ECHR) regarding the peculiarities of retention and use of human biological material samples in the investigation of crimes, and the retention of such materials after the completion of the investigation and trial. Material and methods: In the preparation of the article, scientific works, the provisions of international normative acts regulating the use of human biological materials as well as the practice of the ECHR concerning the use of human biological materials in the investigation of crimes were used (8 decisions were analyzed in which the ECHR concerned the use of biological samples or related issues). In the research process to achieve the goal, a complex of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the comparative legal method, the system and structural method, the method of generalization, the method of analysis and synthesis, etc. Review: The positions of the ECHR concerning the following were distinguished and generalized: a) the criteria for the permissibility of compulsory medical intervention for taking of human biological material within the framework of the crime investigation; b) the possibilities of spreading the right not to incriminate oneself on the compulsory taking of human biological materials samples; c) the retention features of cell samples and DNA information in the context of respect for the right to non-interference in the persons private life. Conclusions: Obtaining and using the human material for the investigation of crimes are not a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter - the Convention), subject to the requirements stated in the practice of the ECHR. Keywords

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4.
Vapniarchuk, V. V.
    The burden of criminal procedural proof [Text] / V. V. Vapniarchuk, O. V, Kaplina, I. A. Titko, V. I. Maryniv, O. V. Lazukova // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. - 2019. - Vol. 10, Iss. 1. - p. 386-394
   Перевод заглавия: Бремя уголовно-процессуальных доказательств
ББК Х629.34

Аннотация: The urgency of the article stated in the article is due to the need to revise traditional scientific views on certain peculiarities of criminal procedural evidence in connection with the expansion of the adversarial nature of domestic criminal proceedings. The purpose of the paper is to determine the essence of the category ‘burden of proof’ and justify the necessity of introducing it into scientific and law enforcement circulation. The main approach to the study of this problem was to carry out a critical analysis of the norms of the current criminal procedural legislation that regulates the requirements regarding the burden of proof and the views expressed on their proper understanding and application. The publication expresses the view that the distinction between such legal categories as ‘burden of proof’ and ‘burden of proof’ is proposed, the definition of the concept of ‘burden of proof’ is proposed and the rules for burden sharing between parties of criminal proceedings are analyzed. The material of the article represents both theoretical and practical value. They can be used for further research into the essence of the concept of ‘burden of proof’, as well as for proper understanding and enforcement of criminal procedural law enforcement activities.

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5.
Kaplina, O. V..
    Interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses in criminal proceedings: Current state and prospects for improvement [Текст] = Допит малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків у кримінальному провадженні: актуальний стан та перспективи удосконалення / O. V. Kaplina, O. P. Kuchynska, O. M. Krukevych // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 3. - P. 268-276
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.268-276

Аннотация: The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure for obtaining information provided by minors and juvenile witnesses during interrogation regarding the circumstances known to them in criminal proceedings at the litigation stage, while ensuring the best respect for the children's interests. The authors employed philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of cognition, which allowed conducting a detailed analysis of the procedure for interrogating minor and juvenile witnesses at the litigation stage. To develop scientific proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during the litigation, the study defined the principles of child-friendly justice that must be observed during this procedural action, as well as the guarantees stipulated by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and aimed at implementing international standards for ensuring the rights of minors in criminal proceedings. The authors of this study state that the legislative definition of requirements imposed separately on the teacher, psychologist, and doctor involved in the interrogation of minor or juvenile witnesses, as well as the procedure for involving such persons by the court and the pre-trial investigation body, would considerably improve the quality of the required aid to minor witnesses and would meet international standards. The study analyses the international practices concerning the introduction of the institution of representation in the litigation of pre-recorded testimony of minors and juvenile witnesses. The authors established that the introduction of such an institution is absolutely justified and will have an exceptionally positive effect both for minor and juvenile witnesses, as well as for the process of proof, and can be implemented in Ukrainian legislation. Scientific proposals have been developed to improve the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during court proceedings.
Актуальність дослідження зумовлюється необхідністю удосконалення процедури отримання відомостей, які надаються під час допиту малолітніми та неповнолітніми свідками щодо відомих їм обставин у кримінальному провадженні під час судового розгляду, із забезпеченням якнайкращого дотримання інтересів дітей. При проведенні дослідження авторами використовувались філософські, загальнонаукові та спеціальнонаукові методи пізнання, які дали можливість провести детальний аналіз процедури допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків на стадії судового розгляду. З метою розроблення наукових пропозицій щодо удосконалення законодавчого врегулювання проведення допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків під час судового розгляду визначено принципи правосуддя дружнього до дитини, що повинні бути дотримані під час проведення такої процесуальної дії, а також гарантії, визначені у КПК України та спрямовані на реалізацію міжнародних стандартів забезпечення прав неповнолітніх осіб у кримінальному провадженні. Констатовано, що визначення на законодавчому рівні вимог, які ставляться окремо до педагога, психолога та лікаря, що беруть участь у допиті малолітніх або неповнолітніх свідків, а також порядку залучення таких осіб судом та органом досудового розслідування, значно б покращило якість надання необхідної допомоги неповнолітнім свідкам та відповідало б міжнародним стандартам. Проведено аналіз міжнародного досвіду в частині запровадження інституту представництва під час судового розгляду попередньо записаних показань малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків. Встановлено, що запровадження такого інституту є абсолютно виправданим та таким, що матиме виключно позитивний ефект як для малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків, так і для процесу доказування, і може бути імплементованим у національне законодавство. Розроблено наукові пропозиції щодо удосконалення законодавчого врегулювання проведення допиту малолітніх та неповнолітніх свідків під час судового розгляду.

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6.
Vapniarchuk, V. V..
    Proof in the Science of the Criminal Process in Ukraine: Conceptual Approaches to Understanding the Essence [Текст] / V. V. Vapniarchuk, O. V. Kaplina, M. Y. Shumylo, A. R.Tumanyanc // International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. - 2021. - Vol. 65, Issue 2-3. - P. 205-220 . - Ранний доступ онлайн: август 2020 г. Опубликовано: февраль 2021. Рік індексації: 2020 (для Web of Science); 2021 (для Scopus)
   Перевод заглавия: Доказательство в науке об уголовном процессе в Украине: концептуальные подходы к пониманию сути
УДК
ББК Х629.34
РУБ DOI:10.1177/0306624X20946924

Аннотация: With the reformation of Ukrainian criminal procedural legislation and the conviction of individual scholars in the necessity of applying a methodological approach to scientific research, new ideas on the nature and procedure of criminal procedural evidence have started to emerge in the domestic scientific literature. The purpose of the paper is to distinguish scientific concepts to criminal procedural proof and substantiation of the expediency of isolation and use of the complex and systemic approach. This study of criminal procedural proof was performed using a methodological approach, the essence of which is to change the attention of the researcher from the object as such to the means and methods of their own thought. The application of an activity-based methodological approach in scientific research allows us to further develop other conceptual ideas about criminal procedural proof, which will contribute to a deeper and more complete study of this legal phenomenon.

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава