Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Derevyanko, B. V.
    Addressing the issue of corporate raiding in Ukraine [Текст] / B. V. Derevyanko, V. M. Pashkov, O. A. Turkot, N. V. Zahrishev, O. S. Bisiuk // Problems and Perspectives in Management. - 2020. - Vol. 18, Issue 1. - P. 171-180
   Перевод заглавия: Решение проблемы корпоративного рейдерства в Украине.
УДК
РУБ http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.15

Аннотация: The phenomenon of “raiding,” i.e., the unlawful establishment of control over the property or governing boards of an enterprise, as well as the seizure of its shares, has been reported in all countries of the world for many decades. This phenomenon has the most dangerous forms in the states with the underdeveloped economy and legal system, particularly in Ukraine. The paper aims to determine the areas for counteracting and overcoming corporate raiding in Ukraine and to provide proposals for improving the legislative framework for reliable protection against attacks on the enterprises’ property. The information in the paper, including the geography of raider attacks, indicates a greater vulnerability of enterprises in the most economically developed regions, with extensive transport infrastructure and the prospects for various industries and sectors of the economy development. The state should take some steps to increase the level of enterprises protection against raider attacks. Thus, to improve the quality of preventing and combating corporate raiding, this paper argues the need to develop and adopt the Corporate Property Protection Code of Ukraine. The introduction of the raider attacks register will be an effective measure to warn potential investors and counterparties about the dangers of cooperation with certain companies. The state register should be bilingual (Ukrainian and English) and contain information on the attempts and cases of raider attacks on property and corporate business rights. Also for further innovations in starting a business, Ukraine must pay attention to New Zealand’s and Finland’s experience. © Bogdan V. Derevyanko, Vitaliy M. Pashkov, Olha A. Turkot, Nadiia V. Zahrisheva, Olena S. Bisiuk, 2020.

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2.
Gutorova, N. O..
    Illegal internet pharmacies as a threat to public health in Europe [Text] / N. O. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, O. S. Soloviov // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 9 cz 1. - P. 2169-2174
   Перевод заглавия: Нелегальні інтернет-аптеки як загроза громадському здоров’ю в Європі
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202109125

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the dangers of illegal Internet pharmacies for patient safety and public health, the necessity to improve legal instruments, and unite the efforts of governments, professional organizations, and civil society for combating this activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study is based on the Medicrime Convention, empirical and analytical data of the WHO, Interpol, Europol, NABF, Directive 2011/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011, the regulatory acts and juridical practice of Ukraine, experts interview of pharmacy practicians, analysis of websites. Totally 18 laws and papers, 34 court judgments, 50 websites were analyzed, six experts were interviewed. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, system analyses and sociological research methods were used. RESULTS: Results: Illegal Internet pharmacies are widespread in Europe, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This black market poses a severe threat to patient safety and public health as falsifying, substandard, and smuggled medicines are sold through these channels. Without any exception, all illegal pharmacies sell prescription drugs without any prescriptions. Regulatory and protective legal instruments at the national and international levels are insufficient to counter the Internet trade in medicines. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The widespread proliferation of illegal Internet pharmacies in Europe requires European states to work together to protect patient safety and public health. A legal mechanism needs to be established to exchange information and combat illegal pharmaceutical activities on the Internet at the international level. At the national level, it is necessary to strengthen control over the wholesale of prescription medications to prevent them from entering the black market.

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3.
Gutorova, N. .
    Ensuring the citizens' rights and freedoms in case of COVID-19 vaccinatio in the public health system [Текст] / N. Gutorova, V. M. Pashkov, T. Kaganovska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 11, cz. 2. - P. 2863-2869
   Перевод заглавия: Забезпечення прав і свобод громадян при вакцинації проти COVID-19 в системі охорони здоров’я
УДК
РУБ PMID: 35029547 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202111201

Аннотация: ABSTRACT The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens. Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods. Using the above methods, we studied the attitudes of different categories of citizens to vaccination against coronavirus disease through questionnaires on the following issues: attitudes to vaccination in general; motivation for vaccination, in case of consent to vaccination; reasons for refusal of vaccination. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on vaccination and ensuring the rights of citizens to health care was also analyzed. Results: Proper legal regulation of the right to health depending on the legal status of the vaccines is important in order to implement restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 and, accordingly, to prevent the possible spread of a pandemic in the public health system. Conclusions: Ensuring the right to health and applying restrictive measures to prevent the spread of a pandemic is an essential element of the public health system. However, the question of the legal status of vaccines is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. That is, it is essential to go through all the stages of clinical trials for the vaccines used. Their safety and effectiveness and proving the fact that the harm of vaccination is much less than the harm of the spread of coronavirus disease. In the process of ensuring the right to health, including by making compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, legal framework and practice are critical components that aim to minimize the potential hazards that threaten the health and lives of the population.

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4.
Gutorova, N. .
    Legal means of ensuring competition in pharmacy [Текст] / N. Gutorova, V. Pashkov, O. Soloviov // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P. 2071-2078
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.36740/WLek202012201

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim: To research the consequences of pharmacy chains monopolization and establishment of legal means of neutralization of such consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study is based on acts of the European Union, the United States, and Ukraine and international regulations and documents on health care. The study's materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and specialists in a pharmacy on marketing contracts. The views of scientists on the above issue were also studied. The study analyzes generalized information from scientific journals using scientific, legal methods. Among the main research methods are systematic approach, analytical, statistical, comparative, dialectical, graphical, and a questionnaire survey of respondents. RESULTS: Results: Consolidation of massive pharmacy chains leads to an artificial increase in drug prices by almost 50 percent, which significantly reduces their availability to patients, and in many cases, makes treatment impossible due to lack of funds. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: As a result of further monopolization of the pharmacy market, the pharmaceutical industry, small pharmacy enterprises, and the complete distribution of medicines will be destroyed.

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5.
Horodovenko, V. V..
    International legal instruments in the field of bioethics and their impact on protection of human rights [Text] / V. V. Horodovenko, V. M. Pashkov, L. G. Udovyka // Wiadomosci Lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 7. - P. 1554-1560
   Перевод заглавия: Международно-правовые инструменты в области биоэтики и их влияние на защиту прав человека
ББК Х623.211.84
РУБ PubMed: 32759454

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: A rapid development of biomedicine, genetics, pharmacology, transplantation and biotechnology has posed a number of problems to humanity, in particular, with regard to human rights protection in healthcare. These problems solution requires considering the achievements and propositions of biology, medicine, ethics and law. International legal standards in the field of bioethics are of significance in development of national states regulations on bioethics and biotic legislation. Aim: To investigate the impact of international legal instruments in the field of bioethics on protection of human rights. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the research the international legal instruments and documents in the field of healthcare and bioethics were used. Civilizational, axiological, dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods as well as systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Legal instruments in the field of biomedical technologies (directives and regulations) are mainly advisory by nature. In many cases, the problems arising in biotechnology are resolved through establishment and involvement of national supervision bodies: councils (commissions, committees) in bioethics as well as courts. An important role in protection of human rights in the field of biotechnology is played by the ECHR the decisions of which are dynamic, based on the Convention and consideration of national legislations. At the same time, a number of problems remain unresolved because of constant development of biomedical technologies, necessity to take into account the latest achievements and discoveries as well as all types and methods of applying of genetic engineering to humans. In general, insufficient attention is paid to the problems of medical biotechnologies application both at the international and national levels.

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6.
Horodovenko, V. V..
    Protection of patients' rights in the european court of human rights [Текст] / V. V. Horodovenko, V. M. Pashkov, L. G. Udovyka // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2018. - Vol. 71. Issue: 6. - P. 1200-1206
   Перевод заглавия: Защита прав пациентов в Европейском суде по правам человека
УДК
ББК Х915.2

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Currently, there is little attention paid to studying the characteristic features of the protection of patients' rights in the European Court of Human Rights, which is the fact determining the relevance of the scientific research in this area. The aim: To define the basic rights of patients and summarize the practice of the European Court of Human Rights with regard to protection of patients' rights in order to formulate proposals as to the ways of the current legislation improvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the research, the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, international standards of justice, scientific publications of leading experts in the field of medical law, current and prospective Ukrainian and international laws were used. The research is based on the organic combination of philosophic approaches, general scientific and special legal research methods. RESULTS: Review: The standards and mechanisms of ensuring the rights of patients were singled out from a whole number of international legal acts. In the Ukrainian legislation, the list of patients' rights corresponds to the main provisions of the Declaration of Lisbon on the Rights of the Patient and other international legal acts. The protection of patients' rights in different countries varies based on differences in the laws, organization of the healthcare service as well as economic, social, cultural, religious and moral values. Simultaneously, there are common features in the legal protection of patients' rights, in particular appealing to the ECHR. While considering the cases involving protection of patients' rights based on the Articles of the Convention, the Court has developed a number of positive obligations of the state and minimum guarantees, which should be enshrined in national legislations to protect the rights of patients. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The absence in the national legislation of clearly defined concepts of medical law limits the potential of legal protection of the rights of patients and necessitates the development and adoption of a single legal act to efficiently regulate the rights and obligations of the physician and the patient, provide classification of healthcare services, procedures and conditions of the services provision, quality criteria, etc. The prospective Medical Code of Ukraine shall become such a normative legal act, since the need for its development provides prospects for further research in this area. The ECHR practice affects national legal practices, primarily in the information, social and educational aspects, contributes to development and adoption of new concepts, court legal culture and a new reference system to comply with the Convention and Court practices.

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7.
Pashkov, V. M..
    3-D Bioprinting Law Regulation Perspectives [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, A. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2017. - Vol. 70, Issue: 3 pt 1. - p. 480-482
   Перевод заглавия: 3-D перспективы регулирования биопринтинга
УДК
ББК Х833

Аннотация: INTRODUCTION: Achieved level of technical progress moves us closer and closer to practical use of 3-d bioprinting technologies in real life. Such perspective raise a wide variety of crucial legal issues from the acceptable model of regulation of the science and its' societal effects to problems of the commercialization of the technology and potential restrictions of its use. Some key points on concept of legal regulation of abovementioned sphere is a base of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Scientific discussion on 3-D bioprinting, European Union`s and US experience in patenting of 3-D bioprinting technologies, European Medicine Agency (EMA) or the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, European Medical Technology Industry Association (EUCOMED) Acts. Article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. DISCUSSION: General debate of last few years comes down to an attempt to resolve hesitation between legal attempts for regulation of 3-D biobrinting and concept of complete prohibition of such activities. An adequate response to the mentioned challenge is a reasonable position between some aspects of prohibition and self-regulation, resulting in a moderate number of regulations and standards for developing and marketing. Such regulations may concern an intellectual property (IP) rights, regulation of distribution, premarket restrictions, control mechanism etc. CONCLUSION: Scientific approach and regulatory settlement of 3-D bioprinting sphere must unite to achieve a fair balance between the interests of humanity and of individuals - on the one hand, and development of science and business benefits for stakeholders - on the other. The main instruments for this must be balanced regulation of intellectual property (IP) rights, regulation of access and distribution, premarket restrictions, control mechanism etc.

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8.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Artificial intelligence in medical practice: regulative issues and perspectives [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, A. O. Harkusha, Y. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss. 12, cz. 2. - P. 2722-2727
   Перевод заглавия: Штучний інтелект у медичній практиці: регулятивні питання та перспективи
УДК
РУБ PubMed ID33611272 + DOI: 10.36740/WLek202012204

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to identify specific of AI in healthcare, its nature, and specifics and to establish complexities of AI implementation in healthcare and to propose ways to eliminate them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study was conducted during June-October of 2020. Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA regulation acts, scientific researches and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere this paper provide a guide to understanding the essence of AI in healthcare and specifics of its regulation. It is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive methods. RESULTS: Results: One of the first broad definitions of AI sounded like "Artificial Intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent ... The central goals of Artificial Intelligence are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible." There are two approaches to name this technology - "Artificial intelligence" and "Augmented Intelligence." We prefer to use a more common category of "Artificial intelligence" rather than "Augmented Intelligence" because the last one, from our point of view, leaves much space for "human supervision" meaning, and that will limit the sense of AI while it will undoubtedly develop in future. AI in current practice is interpreted in three forms, they are: AI as a simple electronic tool without any level of autonomy (like electronic assistant, "calculator"), AI as an entity with some level of autonomy, but under human control, and AI as an entity with broad autonomy, substituting human's activity wholly or partly, and we have to admit that the first one cannot be considered as AI at all in current conditions of science development. Description of AI often tends to operate with big technological products like DeepMind (by Google), Watson Health (by IBM), Healthcare's Edison (by General Electric), but in fact, a lot of smaller technologies also use AI in the healthcare field - smartphone applications, wearable health devices and other examples of the Internet of Things. At the current stage of development AI in medical practice is existing in three technical forms: software, hardware, and mixed forms using three main scientific-statistical approaches - flowchart method, database method, and decision-making method. All of them are useable, but they are differently suiting for AI implementation. The main issues of AI implementation in healthcare are connected with the nature of technology in itself, complexities of legal support in terms of safety and efficiency, privacy, ethical and liability concerns. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The conducted analysis makes it possible to admit a number of pros and cons in the field of AI using in healthcare. Undoubtedly this is a promising area with a lot of gaps and grey zones to fill in. Furthermore, the main challenge is not on technology itself, which is rapidly growing, evolving, and uncovering new areas of its use, but rather on the legal framework that is clearly lacking appropriate regulations and some political, ethical, and financial transformations. Thus, the core questions regarding is this technology by its nature is suitable for healthcare at all? Is the current legislative framework looking appropriate to regulate AI in terms of safety, efficiency, premarket, and postmarked monitoring? How the model of liability with connection to AI technology using in healthcare should be constructed? How to ensure privacy without the restriction of AI technology use? Should intellectual privacy rights prevail over public health concerns? Many questions to address in order to move in line with technology development and to get the benefits of its practical implementation.

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9.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Challenges of classification of stand-alone software as a medical device [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, O. S. Soloviov, Ye. O. Harkusha // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2021. - Vol. 74, Iss. 2. - P. 327-333
   Перевод заглавия: Проблемы классификации автономного программного обеспечения как медицинское устройство
УДК

Аннотация: Through a broad literature review, analysis of EU, USA, Ukraine regulation acts, scientific research, and opinions of progressive-minded people in this sphere, this paper provides a guide to understanding the essence of classification of stand-alone software with medical purpose and specifics of its regulation. This research is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive methods.

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10.
Pashkov, V. M..
    Concept of Waste and its Impact on Human Health [Текст] / V. M. Pashkov, O. M. Batyhina, M. V. Trotska // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2017. - Vol. 70, No. 5. - P. 964-969
   Перевод заглавия: Концепция отходов и их влияние на здоровье человека
УДК
ББК Х625.80

Аннотация: INTRODUCTION: Impact of the environment on human health is increasingly being paid attention both at the international level and at the level of individual countries. Among the factors that anyhow can affect it negatively, various objects are distinguished and waste is not of the last consequence. It has different nature of origin, ways of further utilization and a degree of impact on human health and the environment. Its generation, utilization and neutralization are determined by the relevant processes; their research allows continuous improvement and reduction of their negative impact on human health and the environment. THE AIM: To analyze provisions of the international legislation concerning the concept of waste and its classification, as well as its potential impacts on human health and the environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzes and uses international legal documents, data of international organizations and scientists' deductions. Furthermore, the study integrates information from scientific journals with scientific methods from the medical and legal point of view. Within the framework of the system approach, as well as analysis and synthesis, the concept of waste, its classification and impact on human health and the environment have been researched. RESULTS: In consequence of the conducted study, it has been found that at the European level, considerable attention is paid to waste in the context of its possible negative impact on human health and the environment. Solution of this problem is carried out with the integrated approach, which is expressed both in enacting statutory acts and amending existing ones, as well as elucidating various aspects at the scientific, methodological, statistical and other levels. CONCLUSIONS: Waste in itself has different nature of origin, negative impact, ways of its further utilization. Some kinds of it can be used further in order to achieve other goals and needs that are not related to their generation, others can no longer be used for human benefits taking into account existing achievements.

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3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

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НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава