Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого ⚖ Головна ⓘ Довiдка
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1.
Borysova, V. I..
    Standard of proof in common law: Mathematical explication and probative value of statistical data [Text] = Стандарт доказування в загальному праві: математичне обґрунтування і доказове значення статистичних даних / Borysova V. I., B. P. Karnaukh // Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. - 2021. - Vol. 28, Iss. 2. - p. 171-180
ББК Х623
РУБ DOI 10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.171-180

Аннотация: As a result of recent amendments to the procedural legislation of Ukraine, one may observe a tendency in judicial practice to differentiate the standards of proof depending on the type of litigation. Thus, in commercial litigation the so-called standard of “probability of evidence” applies, while in criminal proceedings – “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard applies. The purpose of this study was to find the rational justification for the differentiation of the standards of proof applied in civil (commercial) and criminal cases and to explain how the same fact is considered proven for the purposes of civil lawsuit and not proven for the purposes of criminal charge. The study is based on the methodology of Bayesian decision theory. The paper demonstrated how the principles of Bayesian decision theory can be applied to judicial fact-finding. According to Bayesian theory, the standard of proof applied depends on the ratio of the false positive error disutility to false negative error disutility. Since both types of error have the same disutility in a civil litigation, the threshold value of conviction is 50+ percent. In a criminal case, on the other hand, the disutility of false positive error considerably exceeds the disutility of the false negative one, and therefore the threshold value of conviction shall be much higher, amounting to 90 percent. Bayesian decision theory is premised on probabilistic assessments. And since the concept of probability has many meanings, the results of the application of Bayesian theory to judicial fact-finding can be interpreted in a variety of ways. When dealing with statistical evidence, it is crucial to distinguish between subjective and objective probability. Statistics indicate objective probability, while the standard of proof refers to subjective probability. Yet, in some cases, especially when statistical data is the only available evidence, the subjective probability may be roughly equivalent to the objective probability. In such cases, statistics cannot be ignored.

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2.
Karnaukh, B. P..
    Side effects of diethylstilbestrol (des) from the perspective of tort law [Текст] / B. P. Karnaukh, A. R. Shymko // Wiadomosci lekarskie. - 2020. - Vol. 73, Iss.12. cz. 2. - P. 2946-2950
   Перевод заглавия: Побочные действия диэтилстилбестрола (des) с точки зрения деликтного права
РУБ PubMed ID33611308

Аннотация: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to analyze the reasoning of the Supreme Court of California in Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Materials of the study encompass US case law as well as case law of other countries concerning compensation of damage caused by defective drugs and other cases of uncertain causation. The survey is conducted within the framework of comparative law studies. In addition, elements of law and economics approach are also employed in the paper. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Case of Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories has launched a new direction in discourse on causation in tort law and product liability. The mathematical elegance of the Court's theory is that net burden of liability borne by a particular drug manufacturer is equal to the amount of damage actually caused by its drug.

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3.
Karnaukh, B. .
    Standards of proof: a comparative overview from the ukrainian perspective [Текст] / B. Karnaukh // Access to Justice in Eastern Europe. - 2021. - Vol. 4, Iss. 2. - P. 25-43 . - У WoS не зазначено: Vol. 4.
   Перевод заглавия: Стандарти доказу: порівняльний огляд з української перспективи
УДК
РУБ DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-4.2-a000058

Аннотация: The article addresses the issue of standards of proof from a comparative perspective. The author sketches the conventional distinction between common law and civil law countries in this regard, as well as some approaches that query the validity of the rigid division. The main purpose of the article is to characterise the Ukrainian approach to the standards of proof against the background of comparative analysis. The author concludes that recent developments in Ukrainian law have paved the way for a distinction between criminal and civil standards of proof However, the doctrine is not yet elaborate enough to warrant a coherent application of the two different standards.

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4.
Tashian, R. I.
    Trends in the development of property law: The civil law of Ukraine and the experience of European Union countries [Text] / R. I. Tashian, B. P. Karnaukh, I. O. Dzera // Global Journal of Comparative Law. - 2021. - Vol. 10, Iss. 1-2. - p. 91-104
   Перевод заглавия: Тенденції розвитку речового права: Цивільне право України та досвід країн Європейського Союзу
ББК Х623.02 + Х9
РУБ DOI 10.1163/2211906X-10010008

Аннотация: The article deals with the problems of the development of property law in the legislation of Ukraine considering the experience of the countries of the European Union (EU). It is emphasised that the development of property law of Ukraine is determined primarily by the European tendencies of harmonisation, convergence and Europeanisation of the rights of EU Member States. The scientific doctrine of EU countries in the field of development and improvement of property law has been researched. The authors extrapolate the experience of regulation of property law in the EU countries on the development of the legal system of Ukraine. The principles of European property law are analysed: these are the principles of specificity, openness and transparency. It is concluded that recognising the existence of an EU system of substantive law will allow introducing appropriate substantive remedies that can successfully exist in addition to legal obligations.

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Умовні позначення місця знаходження

3_пов.(ЗПІ) – зала правової інформації, НБК

4_пов.(НАб) – абонемент наукової літератури, НБК

4_пов.(ДБФ) – довідково-бібліографічний фонд, НБК

5_пов.(З/П) – зала періодичних видань, НБК

6_пов.(АХЛ) – абонемент художньої літератури, НБК

6_пов.(ЗІЛ) – зала літератури іноземними мовами, НБК

7_пов.(Хр) – книгосховище, НБК

8_пов.(РК) – книгосховище рідкісних видань та дисертацій, НБК

НБВ – інформаційно-бібліографічний відділ, НБК, 7 поверх

Ст.Аб. – студентський абонемент, НБК, 5 поверх

Філ №1 – філія № 1 (вул. Динамівська, 4)

Філ №2 – філія № 2 (вул. Пушкінська, 106)

Полт. фак. – Полтавський юридичний інститут, м. Полтава